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Name: Weld size differences between EC and AISC (CISC) codes
ID: c06cb68e-da64-517f-b983-b6bf80c8addd
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"value": "在按照EC或AISC（CISC）规范进行设计时，焊接操作中的焊缝尺寸定义存在差异。在IDEA StatiCa中建立节点模型时，请注意这一点。"
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"value": "<p>根据EN规范，焊缝尺寸由参数<em>a</em>定义，即<strong>焊缝喉部厚度</strong>。</p>\n<p>根据AISC（CISC）规范，焊缝尺寸由参数<em>z</em>定义，即<strong>焊脚尺寸</strong>。</p>\n<p>可以利用<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_theorem\">勾股定理</a>简单地由<em>z</em>计算<em>a</em>，反之亦然。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e132c666-93e0-4b7f-9917-8ffc5a5dc770\" data-image-id=\"e132c666-93e0-4b7f-9917-8ffc5a5dc770\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/82cd97fe-7c32-4d7d-b803-1794a985529a/Weld_size.png\" data-asset-id=\"e132c666-93e0-4b7f-9917-8ffc5a5dc770\" data-image-id=\"e132c666-93e0-4b7f-9917-8ffc5a5dc770\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>"
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"value": "<p>有趣的是，不同地区、不同公司，甚至不同设计师对同一结构可能采用截然不同的处理方式。有些人会将所有构件焊接在一起，完全不考虑使用螺栓；而另一些人则会将结构分成若干部分，用数十个螺栓将所有部分连接起来。这两种连接结构构件的方式各有利弊。 </p>\n<p>纯焊接节点比螺栓节点刚度更大，因此被认为更安全，或可减小挠度。但这需要经验丰富（即费用高昂）的焊工在现场作业，往往悬挂在高空中，经常面临恶劣的天气条件。焊缝质量检查有时甚至无法进行，而精度较低的施工显然会带来更高的材料成本。</p>\n<p>另一方面，车间焊接可能更为精确，但也需要将构件运输至现场。而现场焊接在实施过程中往往费用高昂，且焊接材料用量过大。请继续阅读，了解哪种方式最适合您的项目。</p>\n<p>您已经知道，IDEA StatiCa 不仅可以帮助您计算焊接节点的刚度，还可以根据焊缝类型等因素估算节点的成本。这并不是什么新鲜事。<a data-item-id=\"dc6882ef-317b-417a-b684-943901355f3d\" href=\"\">您可以阅读我们关于节点成本计算的相关文章</a>。 </p>\n<p>但我们同样认为，节点设计应尽可能精确，同时确保足够的节点承载力。我们的一项功能可以在这方面为您提供帮助。 </p>\n<h2>设计柱与底板之间的接触</h2>\n<p>假设您需要设计一根焊接在底板上的钢柱。荷载必须从上部结构传递至基础。在某些国家，评估节点抗压承载力时，可以考虑柱与底板之间的接触。</p>\n<p>在大多数规范（如欧洲规范）中，荷载被假定仅通过焊缝传递。因此，焊缝必须设计为能够承受来自上部结构的全部压力。然而，可以想象，即使在柱脚与底板焊接之前，两者之间已存在一定的接触。</p>\n<p>在某些地区，技术指南允许在评估抗压承载力时将此接触考虑在内。当然，采用这种方法需满足一定的条件。接触的存在为底部焊缝的抗压承载力提供了额外的抗力，从而实现更经济的焊缝设计。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"eb79d5c6-d879-4afb-a5c1-5df03982810a\" data-image-id=\"eb79d5c6-d879-4afb-a5c1-5df03982810a\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/2a16ecdf-f660-47b6-bb32-9b9aeecf3314/6.png\" data-asset-id=\"eb79d5c6-d879-4afb-a5c1-5df03982810a\" data-image-id=\"eb79d5c6-d879-4afb-a5c1-5df03982810a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"68076977-c9aa-4fa5-b726-09433e204c2b\" href=\"\">焊缝模型</a>将被设置为具有较高的刚度。一旦焊缝开始屈服（即发生塑性变形），接触即被激活，压力由接触承担。即使施加了接触，焊缝中仍会出现显著的应力值。但重要的是，焊缝的抗剪承载力不会降低。焊缝不再进行抗压验算（因为压力由接触承担），但拉力和剪力仍由焊缝承担，并进行相应的验算。</p>\n<p>实际操作中，您需要同时在构件（本例中为柱）的相应边缘添加接触<strong>和</strong>焊缝。从荷载传递的角度来看，接触仅在受压时有效，而焊缝则传递剪力和拉力。这两种操作均可在\"焊缝或接触\"制造操作下使用。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"29614fc0-aa03-499c-b343-7c518253d397\" data-image-id=\"29614fc0-aa03-499c-b343-7c518253d397\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d7f5114a-1fcd-4da4-9496-44a11d412653/1.png\" data-asset-id=\"29614fc0-aa03-499c-b343-7c518253d397\" data-image-id=\"29614fc0-aa03-499c-b343-7c518253d397\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>在 IDEA StatiCa Connection 中，您将看到以下内容：</p>\n<ul>\n <li>表示受压接触的红线与表示焊缝的黄线组合显示（在激活透明视图时）</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9a6d9cfe-6a47-4004-ac16-16dc15eadf5d\" data-image-id=\"9a6d9cfe-6a47-4004-ac16-16dc15eadf5d\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/6af8d357-08a5-4696-bc89-3f5b3938463a/5.png\" data-asset-id=\"9a6d9cfe-6a47-4004-ac16-16dc15eadf5d\" data-image-id=\"9a6d9cfe-6a47-4004-ac16-16dc15eadf5d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>在结果和报告中，角焊缝矩形符号旁边添加了一个向下的箭头</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"49e646c3-621b-4946-98c5-3330d6b697dc\" data-image-id=\"49e646c3-621b-4946-98c5-3330d6b697dc\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/40b0ff4a-152f-4245-af7e-7424793620db/7.png\" data-asset-id=\"49e646c3-621b-4946-98c5-3330d6b697dc\" data-image-id=\"49e646c3-621b-4946-98c5-3330d6b697dc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>您可以将任何类型的角焊缝与接触组合使用（即连续焊缝、部分焊缝或断续焊缝）。对接焊缝从其本质上不与接触组合使用。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"29ab325a-b8f5-4f92-93af-d4e9a10b81c8\" data-image-id=\"29ab325a-b8f5-4f92-93af-d4e9a10b81c8\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d2b3e9c9-3586-4eeb-963a-70e24edca19c/4.png\" data-asset-id=\"29ab325a-b8f5-4f92-93af-d4e9a10b81c8\" data-image-id=\"29ab325a-b8f5-4f92-93af-d4e9a10b81c8\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>方法的适用限制</h3>\n<p>所述方法在实际制造操作有保障的情况下方可适用：被焊构件的边缘必须经过<strong>精确</strong><strong>机加工</strong>，以确保焊接件之间<strong>无</strong><strong>间隙</strong>。由于这些严格的条件，该方法仅限于特定国家使用，例如<a href=\"https://www.steel.org.au/getattachment/f68b3f37-530a-4316-8c4e-e2617a95b7de/Detailing-considerations-Design-Guide-7_bk745.pdf\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">荷兰</a>和英国。我们必须强调，确保满足这些条件的责任由工程师承担。</p>\n<h3>了解更多 </h3>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"ddfe7eda-4125-461a-b0f1-90de133d5cc6\" href=\"\">受压接触与焊缝在钢板同一边缘的组合</a>是今年十月发布的 IDEA StatiCa 22.1 版本的新功能之一。请参阅我们的 <a data-item-id=\"8136efc3-3a87-48df-9cb2-890edbe4cfb2\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa 22.1 发布说明</a>，了解钢结构和混凝土的全部新功能，或观看我们的 <a data-item-id=\"16d6512d-82ee-4689-823f-5998c9421d66\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa 22.1 新功能</a>发布网络研讨会的现场演示。</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"b644d8ff_1219_018b_24a6_29f885e5c594\"></object>"
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"value": "<h2>基于CBFEM的螺栓模型</h2>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa 在其求解器中采用了一种独特的方法——<a data-item-id=\"6e068636-6a02-5d0e-89ad-6dcff4e21151\" href=\"\">基于组件的有限单元法（CBFEM）</a>。CBFEM 中使用的螺栓模型已根据多种钢结构设计规范进行了描述和验证。承载力和变形能力也与主要试验研究成果进行了对比。</p>\n<p>在CBFEM（基于组件的有限单元法）中，螺栓在受拉、受剪和承压方面的行为由相关非线性弹簧组件来描述。受拉螺栓由弹簧描述，包含轴向初始刚度、设计值、屈服起始点和变形能力。对于屈服起始点和变形能力，假定塑性变形仅发生在螺栓杆的螺纹部分。</p>\n<p>在我们的理论背景文档中，您可以找到<a data-item-id=\"c2cc67f3-4000-4959-a195-b28becf63f2a\" href=\"\">关于CBFEM方法如何描述和验证螺栓的更多信息</a>。如果您想进一步了解CBFEM的总体内容，完整的<a data-item-id=\"d4aa2923-a94a-4c40-8fd8-93608acbf893\" href=\"\">通用理论背景</a>无疑是最佳起点。</p>\n<h2>各设计规范中的螺栓</h2>\n<p>让我们来看看CBFEM如何从各设计规范的角度处理螺栓问题。目前，IDEA StatiCa 支持八种设计规范，涵盖螺栓和预拉力螺栓的设计和/或构造要求。</p>\n<h3>按欧洲规范校核螺栓和预拉力螺栓</h3>\n<p>CBFEM中螺栓受剪的初始刚度和设计值依据EN 1993-1-8第3.6条和第6.3.2条进行建模。代表承压和受拉的弹簧具有双线性力-变形行为，其初始刚度和设计值依据EN 1993-1-8第3.6条和第6.3.2条确定。</p>\n<p><strong>构造要求</strong></p>\n<p>若在规范设置中选择相应选项，则对螺栓进行规范校核。校核螺栓中心至板边缘的距离以及螺栓间距。EN 1993-1-8表3.3中推荐边距<em>e</em> = 1.2，螺栓间距<em>p</em> = 2.2。用户可在规范设置中修改这两个值。</p>\n<h3>按AISC规范校核螺栓和预拉力螺栓</h3>\n<p>螺栓内力由有限单元分析确定。拉力包含撬力。螺栓承载力依据AISC 360第J3章进行校核。</p>\n<p><strong>构造要求</strong></p>\n<p>校核螺栓间最小间距及螺栓中心至被连接件边缘的距离。依据AISC 360-16 – J.3.3，校核螺栓中心间距不小于公称螺栓直径的2.66倍（可在规范设置中修改）。依据AISC 360-16 – J.3.4，校核螺栓中心至被连接件边缘的最小距离；相关数值见表J3.4和J3.4M。</p>\n<h3>按其他标准校核螺栓和预拉力螺栓</h3>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-and-preloaded-bolts-according-to-cisc\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">按CISC规范校核螺栓和预拉力螺栓（加拿大）</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-and-preloaded-bolts-according-to-chinese-standard\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">按中国标准（GB）校核螺栓和预拉力螺栓</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-according-to-hong-kong-code\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">按香港规范（HKG）校核螺栓</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-according-to-is-800\">按IS 800校核预拉力螺栓（印度）</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-and-preloaded-bolts-according-to-sp\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">按SP规范校核螺栓和预拉力螺栓（俄罗斯）</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-and-preloaded-bolts-according-to-as\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">按AS规范校核螺栓和预拉力螺栓（澳大利亚）</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>螺栓构造要求</h2>\n<p><strong>如何设置距离</strong></p>\n<p>用于螺栓承压承载力计算的边距必须适用于一般板件几何形状，包括带开孔、切口等的板件。</p>\n<p>算法读取给定螺栓合剪力向量的实际方向，然后计算承压校核所需的距离。</p>\n<p>端距（<em>e</em><sub>1</sub>）和边距（<em>e</em><sub>2</sub>）通过将板件轮廓划分为三段来确定。端部区段由力向量方向上60°范围标识。边部区段由垂直于力向量的两个65°范围定义。螺栓至相关区段的最短距离即取为端距或边距。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" data-image-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/c166c28a-3f8f-4d50-99ba-857ed9b01e6c/Bolt%20bearing%20distances%201.png\" data-asset-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" data-image-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>螺栓孔间距（<em>p</em><sub>1</sub>；<em>p</em><sub>2</sub>）的确定方法为：将周围螺栓孔虚拟扩大半个直径，然后沿剪力向量方向及垂直方向各画一条线，与这两条线相交的扩大螺栓孔的距离即分别作为计算中的<em>p</em><sub>1</sub>和<em>p</em><sub>2</sub>。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" data-image-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/b8152921-f220-412f-81de-8c8c83d7e2c2/Bolt%20bearing%20distances%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" data-image-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>验证算例</h2>\n<p>我们准备了若干验证算例，用于与其他计算方法的结果进行对比。</p>\n<h4>EN</h4>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/bolted-connection-splices-in-shear\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">螺栓节点——受剪拼接</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/bolted-connection-interaction-of-shear-and-tension\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">螺栓节点——剪力与拉力的相互作用</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/haunched-joint-capacity-design\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">加腋节点——能力设计</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h4>AISC</h4>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/bolted-splice-connection\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">螺栓拼接节点</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/bolted-flange-plate-moment-connection-lrfd\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">螺栓翼缘板弯矩节点——LRFD</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/extended-moment-end-plate-connection-asd\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">外伸式弯矩端板节点——ASD</a></li>\n</ul>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"cb7ccffc_5630_0191_888a_86366da26b87\"></object>\n<h2>面向结构工程师的专利技术</h2>\n<p>您知道我们的螺栓模型解决方案已获得美国专利吗？请<a data-item-id=\"627bdc92-14f2-416a-b7ef-7df116ea3e73\" href=\"\">点击此处</a>了解我们的成功案例。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2546f7fb-18b9-4671-8e1b-238a6ec1b0e9\" data-image-id=\"2546f7fb-18b9-4671-8e1b-238a6ec1b0e9\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/a0abb5ad-7dba-4687-bfd8-e64fa9c03512/756213100-huge.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"2546f7fb-18b9-4671-8e1b-238a6ec1b0e9\" data-image-id=\"2546f7fb-18b9-4671-8e1b-238a6ec1b0e9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2> 单螺栓节点——我们的解决方案 </h2>\n<p>有时，工程师需要设计<strong>仅含一个螺栓的节点</strong>，例如铰接、支撑、拉杆或斜杆等情况。要建模和计算此类操作，需要为构件定义合适的<strong>模型类型</strong>。更多内容请<a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/how-to-model-one-bolt-connection\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">点击此处</a>阅读。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cca7ed64-cf29-48bd-bb61-96c49f4f1285\" data-image-id=\"cca7ed64-cf29-48bd-bb61-96c49f4f1285\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/edfb27a5-88b9-4f39-ac2b-bd319f37ee29/Model%20type%200.png\" data-asset-id=\"cca7ed64-cf29-48bd-bb61-96c49f4f1285\" data-image-id=\"cca7ed64-cf29-48bd-bb61-96c49f4f1285\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>螺栓、焊缝与节点刚度</h2>\n<p>螺栓和焊缝各有其优缺点。选择节点时，一个重要考量因素是其预期刚度。一般而言，螺栓节点的刚度永远不及焊接节点。如果选择螺栓节点，建议计算该节点的刚度，并在整体结构分析中考虑所得刚度的影响。您可以<a data-item-id=\"6726bbc6-1826-4c43-9253-b8f6e0ab39a9\" href=\"\">点击此处</a>了解此类计算的具体内容和注意事项，或观看此<a data-item-id=\"ab4c1281-d0ce-5c97-95ef-3c369206d272\" href=\"\">视频</a>。</p>\n<figure 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"value": "<h2>根据 CBFEM 的焊缝模型</h2>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa 在其求解器中采用了一种独特的方法——CBFEM（基于组件的有限元模型）。<a data-item-id=\"6e068636-6a02-5d0e-89ad-6dcff4e21151\" href=\"\">CBFEM</a> 中使用的焊缝模型已根据多种钢结构设计规范进行了描述和验证。承载力和变形能力也与主要试验研究成果进行了对比。</p>\n<p>在数值模型中处理焊缝有多种方式。大变形使力学分析更加复杂，可以采用不同的网格描述、不同的动力学和运动学变量以及本构模型。通常，会使用不同类型的二维和三维几何模型，以及适用于不同精度等级的有限单元。最常用的材料模型是基于<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Mises_yield_criterion\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">冯·米塞斯屈服准则</a>的常规率无关塑性模型。设计模型中不考虑焊接引起的残余应力和变形。</p>\n<p>荷载通过基于拉格朗日公式的力-变形约束传递至对侧板件。该节点称为多点约束（MPC），将一块板边缘的有限单元节点与另一边缘或表面相关联。有限单元节点并非直接连接。这种方法的优点在于能够连接不同密度的网格。该约束允许对连接板件的中面进行偏移建模，从而反映实际焊缝构造和焊喉厚度。焊缝中的荷载分布由 MPC 推导得出，因此应力在焊喉截面处计算。这对于焊缝下方板件的应力分布以及 T 形件的建模至关重要。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4a260917-112f-4e2a-9d28-8da1b16a76df\" data-image-id=\"4a260917-112f-4e2a-9d28-8da1b16a76df\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/0bd27c97-ebab-4887-9fc1-d9027cdf3df8/Structural%20design%20of%20a%20steel%20connection%20-%20Welds.png\" data-asset-id=\"4a260917-112f-4e2a-9d28-8da1b16a76df\" data-image-id=\"4a260917-112f-4e2a-9d28-8da1b16a76df\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>在我们的理论背景文档中，您可以找到<a data-item-id=\"68076977-c9aa-4fa5-b726-09433e204c2b\" href=\"\">关于 CBFEM 方法如何描述和验证焊缝的更多信息</a>。</p>\n<p>如果您想进一步了解 CBFEM 的总体情况，完整的<a data-item-id=\"d4aa2923-a94a-4c40-8fd8-93608acbf893\" href=\"\">通用理论背景</a>无疑是最佳起点。</p>\n<h2>根据规范和标准的焊缝</h2>\n<h3>根据 AISC 的焊缝</h3>\n<p>角焊缝根据 AISC 360 第 J2 章进行校核。CJP 坡口焊缝的强度假定与母材相同，不进行校核。正如大多数 IDEA StatiCa 用户已经习惯的那样，校核所需的所有数值均以表格形式输出。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f9fa3bce-8f47-4f75-a081-ad507e953c2f\" data-image-id=\"f9fa3bce-8f47-4f75-a081-ad507e953c2f\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d2437755-1175-479b-97e8-4b24262b7021/welds_check.png\" data-asset-id=\"f9fa3bce-8f47-4f75-a081-ad507e953c2f\" data-image-id=\"f9fa3bce-8f47-4f75-a081-ad507e953c2f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>在<strong>焊缝构造</strong>方面，将对最小和最大焊缝尺寸以及焊缝的足够长度进行校核。最大焊缝尺寸根据 AISC 360-16 – J2 进行校核。最小焊缝尺寸根据表 J2.4 进行校核。 参数的详细说明可参见<a data-item-id=\"ffe45899-4875-4394-a9b5-bf87455fc52d\" href=\"\">本文</a>。 </p>\n<p>为确保您的设计完整且准确，IDEA StatiCa 的计算结果正在根据 AISC 要求进行全面测试和验证： </p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"1cfcffb1-e431-5b5b-8443-ee54c95352b1\" href=\"\">焊接拼接</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"1bd92fd0-aecf-58ba-88f1-818decf973c4\" href=\"\">全焊接双角钢节点</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"ed81d3c1-f275-5cda-a7c7-6449e5c30312\" href=\"\">简单焊缝</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"ee2fa588-af99-5602-a575-3e0bfd234c67\" href=\"\">简单焊缝 - LRFD</a> </li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/all?category=verification_example&label=aisc\">以及更多</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3>根据欧洲规范的焊缝</h3>\n<p>角焊缝根据 EN 1993-1-8 进行校核。在这种情况下，结构工程师关注的是设计承载力和焊缝承载比。 </p>\n<p>焊缝中的塑性重分布用于自动避免焊缝单元中的应力奇异性，并将应力沿焊缝长度进一步重新分布。 </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6e157615-f2aa-4114-a7f9-b88331f68286\" data-image-id=\"6e157615-f2aa-4114-a7f9-b88331f68286\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/a0f463d1-7875-431b-81ee-82ea9151b974/stress_in_weld.png\" data-asset-id=\"6e157615-f2aa-4114-a7f9-b88331f68286\" data-image-id=\"6e157615-f2aa-4114-a7f9-b88331f68286\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>同样重要的是，需注意以下前提：对接焊缝的强度假定与母材相同，不进行校核。 </p>\n<p>如需进一步了解<a data-item-id=\"df238e7d-f2f3-4b2a-beec-3b7e8f11651e\" href=\"\">根据欧洲规范的焊缝校核</a>，我们的理论背景文档同样可以提供帮助。 </p>\n<p><strong>根据欧洲规范的焊接节点验证</strong>：</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"ebf3225a-7603-4d57-9370-040e27c3f66f\" href=\"\">搭接接头中的角焊缝</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"44fdfc71-52f9-459d-abb7-7fa4a9d7066d\" href=\"\">翅板节点中的角焊缝</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"104ffb3c-62ca-4dd9-8107-23b3fcc189e5\" href=\"\">角板节点中的角焊缝</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"9452524f-95da-45b1-80ed-3494014278af\" href=\"\">焊接门式刚架檐口弯矩节点</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/search?q=weld&category=verification_example&label=eurocode\">以及更多</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3>根据其他规范的焊缝</h3>\n<p>大多数用户已经知道，IDEA StatiCa 目前支持根据八种国家规范和标准对钢结构节点进行校核。除上述 AISC 和欧洲规范外，以下是 CBFEM 在其余规范中处理焊缝的方式： </p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"cb00295b-bfcf-4c0f-8743-8532e311ca7b\" href=\"\">根据 CISC（加拿大）的焊缝校核</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"538b8bcb-f287-4259-b4e2-787c9792c367\" href=\"\">根据 AS（澳大利亚）的焊缝校核</a> + <a data-item-id=\"0f650241-104b-4d76-acdc-d1c36de7aa20\" href=\"\">焊缝构造</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"dad4f217-a192-41c1-bd71-6b540978346e\" href=\"\">根据 SP（俄罗斯）的焊缝校核</a> + <a data-item-id=\"da3851cf-a0e4-4a56-a74e-92980edcb861\" href=\"\">焊缝构造</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"0e848bd9-17f2-4448-83de-33c5b19bbde8\" href=\"\">根据 GB（中国）的焊缝校核</a> + <a data-item-id=\"d3ac46ce-2b78-4cec-b1b5-ca4ef2fb51e7\" href=\"\">焊缝构造</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"e301fcc8-cc43-42a4-8480-8a72357cd91f\" href=\"\">根据 HKG（香港）的焊缝校核</a> + <a data-item-id=\"749477a9-b9d6-4808-913c-21603f384d8e\" href=\"\">焊缝构造</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"5d152fe4-3e0b-4905-b4d2-56dd1e255416\" href=\"\">根据 IS（印度）的焊缝校核</a> + <a data-item-id=\"3a55bcb9-6742-4915-b914-65903449fa9d\" href=\"\">焊缝构造</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>BIM 链接中的焊缝传递</h2>\n<p>在使用 IDEA StatiCa BIM 链接在 CAD 软件中建立钢结构节点模型时，焊缝处理曾存在一些薄弱环节。2020 年 10 月发布的 IDEA StatiCa 20.1 版本带来了多项改进，以简化结构工程师的工作并加快设计流程。 </p>\n<h3>推荐焊缝的导出</h3>\n<p>有时，在 CAD 软件的建模过程中，部分焊缝可能被遗漏或未能正确导入。针对此类情况，现在提供了添加推荐焊缝的选项。选择此选项后，系统将对可能缺失的焊缝进行检查。此类焊缝随后将与其余构件一同添加并导入。 </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"66cc6cf4-0454-4973-80d1-c036df7af58d\" data-image-id=\"66cc6cf4-0454-4973-80d1-c036df7af58d\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/e38caf39-0947-4aff-be81-7d3eb57ada99/Screenshot%202020-10-05%20122254.png\" data-asset-id=\"66cc6cf4-0454-4973-80d1-c036df7af58d\" data-image-id=\"66cc6cf4-0454-4973-80d1-c036df7af58d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>缺失焊缝检查</h3>\n<p>为避免<a data-item-id=\"9831da0e-b8f1-415e-9654-03ffa0408086\" href=\"\">节点出现奇异性</a>，将节点传递至 IDEA StatiCa 后，建议检查节点中是否存在缺失焊缝。为此，我们新增了一项实用工具，可自动帮助用户找出节点中未焊接的部分。该功能可识别并列出所有相关板件和板件边缘，并允许添加缺失的焊缝。</p>\n<p>您可以通过在场景右侧实体树中的操作上单击鼠标右键来进入此功能。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"450a4d6a-d571-4297-a195-63e33fdd30bc\" data-image-id=\"450a4d6a-d571-4297-a195-63e33fdd30bc\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/12b10280-2125-44a3-b60e-6031f87a3e03/Missing%20welds.png\" data-asset-id=\"450a4d6a-d571-4297-a195-63e33fdd30bc\" data-image-id=\"450a4d6a-d571-4297-a195-63e33fdd30bc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>总结</h2>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa 中的节点设计包含经过验证的 CBFEM（基于组件的有限元模型）焊缝模型，支持规范校核、真实应力重分布以及不同密度网格板件的连接。每种设计规范均通过一组算例验证了结果的有效性。有限单元模型自动生成，相较于通用有限单元法程序具有显著优势。近期，还新增了多项改进以加快从 CAD 软件导入节点的流程。</p>\n<p>焊缝是组装钢结构节点的重要方式，但结构工程师需要一款精确、高效的工具来进行设计和规范校核。这正是在您的项目中使用 IDEA StatiCa 的原因。 </p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n68573803_bfdd_017e_3f74_43f6f3bd7b74\"></object>\n<p>如果您希望提升节点设计技能，不妨尝试我们的 <a data-item-id=\"3e6d7716-0c0c-4aa5-b3f1-bbc0bededcbc\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Campus</a> 在线培训？</p>"
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"codename": "welds_de840e1",
"linkId": "de840e15-4e8e-4a27-8715-b8f27e643682",
"urlSlug": "welded-steel-connections-to-worry-or-not-to-worry",
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"codename": "blog__weld___contact",
"linkId": "3caa8db0-05d2-4ae4-9175-763a14f01252",
"urlSlug": "reduce-weld-costs-by-enhanced-fabrication",
"type": "blog_post"
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{
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"linkId": "8af403c6-c098-56ce-96ee-3daaeaf4639e",
"urlSlug": "weld-size-and-length",
"type": "support_center_article"
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"codename": "rn_20_1__check_of_missing_welds",
"linkId": "c1adb56e-c715-4213-b637-bc94b8f84def",
"urlSlug": "check-of-missing-welds",
"type": "support_center_article"
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{
"codename": "rn_20_1__bim___recommended_welds",
"linkId": "d38299a4-0ea1-44c0-bf31-c2b61ad0d63b",
"urlSlug": "import-of-recommended-welds",
"type": "support_center_article"
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{
"codename": "rn_20_1__butt_welds_upgraded_model",
"linkId": "040fcb75-d544-4d75-bc49-182d150177d7",
"urlSlug": "butt-welds-upgraded-model",
"type": "support_center_article"
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{
"codename": "rn_21_1__weld_checks_specifics_as_per_en_and_is",
"linkId": "6a1966e1-7905-4ced-a002-c8f568072d4c",
"urlSlug": "weld-checks-specifics-as-per-eurocode-en-and-indian-standard-is",
"type": "support_center_article"
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{
"codename": "weld_and_contact",
"linkId": "ddfe7eda-4125-461a-b0f1-90de133d5cc6",
"urlSlug": "combining-weld-and-contact-operations",
"type": "support_center_article"
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"codename": "plate_and_weld_clash_check",
"linkId": "102a323e-f663-4c3a-8a1e-1c95edec23c6",
"urlSlug": "plate-and-weld-clash-check",
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"linkId": "d0b2eca2-e40d-4ac8-bf4e-d2d0f8e09fbf",
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{
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"value": "<h2>理论背景</h2>\n<p>请在我们的理论背景中阅读有关焊缝模型的基本信息。通用部分描述了计算模型本身：</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/general-theoretical-background#Welded_connections_analysis\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">理论背景：焊接节点分析</a></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"455c8fb8-27c8-4c3e-ab28-341376c03fa3\" data-image-id=\"455c8fb8-27c8-4c3e-ab28-341376c03fa3\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/a62801a2-1d6a-4743-8627-e232e90e69d9/Structural%20design%20of%20a%20steel%20connection%20-%20Plate%20model%20and%20mesh%20convergence%201200%20x%20630.png\" data-asset-id=\"455c8fb8-27c8-4c3e-ab28-341376c03fa3\" data-image-id=\"455c8fb8-27c8-4c3e-ab28-341376c03fa3\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>各支持国家标准的理论背景具体部分：</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"df238e7d-f2f3-4b2a-beec-3b7e8f11651e\" href=\"\">焊缝规范校核（EN）</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"6a4c43f3-4910-44fa-9a88-a9f70967f647\" href=\"\">焊缝规范校核（AISC）</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"cb00295b-bfcf-4c0f-8743-8532e311ca7b\" href=\"\">焊缝规范校核（CISC）</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"538b8bcb-f287-4259-b4e2-787c9792c367\" href=\"\">焊缝规范校核（AS）</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"5d152fe4-3e0b-4905-b4d2-56dd1e255416\" href=\"\">焊缝规范校核（IS）</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"e301fcc8-cc43-42a4-8480-8a72357cd91f\" href=\"\">焊缝规范校核（HKG）</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"0e848bd9-17f2-4448-83de-33c5b19bbde8\" href=\"\">焊缝规范校核（GB）</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"dad4f217-a192-41c1-bd71-6b540978346e\" href=\"\">焊缝规范校核（SP）</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>您可以在<a data-item-id=\"1bfd3251-61f8-5fec-b5a4-08d1a6fe5b5f\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa 中焊缝如何建模</a>一文中找到加载过程中应力发展的清晰演示，以及长焊缝沿线应力分布的讨论。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8c940183-360c-484a-ab14-dcfdcfbbd29b\" data-image-id=\"8c940183-360c-484a-ab14-dcfdcfbbd29b\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/9e3dc390-df9d-4ee5-a959-7c4cfa9aca3b/welds_distr.png\" data-asset-id=\"8c940183-360c-484a-ab14-dcfdcfbbd29b\" data-image-id=\"8c940183-360c-484a-ab14-dcfdcfbbd29b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>此外，焊缝和焊接节点在我们的博客文章<a data-item-id=\"de840e15-4e8e-4a27-8715-b8f27e643682\" href=\"\">焊接钢结构节点——是否需要担忧？</a>和<a data-item-id=\"3caa8db0-05d2-4ae4-9175-763a14f01252\" href=\"\">通过优化制造降低焊缝成本</a>（其中讨论了通过焊缝传递荷载与受压接触的组合）中也有所探讨。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"eb79d5c6-d879-4afb-a5c1-5df03982810a\" data-image-id=\"eb79d5c6-d879-4afb-a5c1-5df03982810a\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/2a16ecdf-f660-47b6-bb32-9b9aeecf3314/6.png\" data-asset-id=\"eb79d5c6-d879-4afb-a5c1-5df03982810a\" data-image-id=\"eb79d5c6-d879-4afb-a5c1-5df03982810a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>焊缝尺寸与长度</h2>\n<p>不同地区对焊缝尺寸的定义方式有所不同。请阅读<a data-item-id=\"8af403c6-c098-56ce-96ee-3daaeaf4639e\" href=\"\">焊缝尺寸与长度</a>一文，了解 IDEA StatiCa 如何定义焊缝尺寸，或在需要了解焊缝精确长度时参考该文：</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"291e03d6-32ca-40af-903f-3620de689301\" data-image-id=\"291e03d6-32ca-40af-903f-3620de689301\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/67cc32f0-0506-4cdf-9637-0bc86dfefa54/Weld%20size.png\" data-asset-id=\"291e03d6-32ca-40af-903f-3620de689301\" data-image-id=\"291e03d6-32ca-40af-903f-3620de689301\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>验证</h2>\n<p>在我们的支持中心，您可以找到许多验证研究，描述不同焊接节点模型的性能以及与实验室测试的对比。</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/search?category=verification_example&q=weld\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">含焊缝模型的验证研究</a></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5acc5b19-3a08-4b30-8dca-6793bcfd19a7\" data-image-id=\"5acc5b19-3a08-4b30-8dca-6793bcfd19a7\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/47ea3d3f-dff3-49c7-8e5f-5abab34e343d/04-1-fig7.png\" data-asset-id=\"5acc5b19-3a08-4b30-8dca-6793bcfd19a7\" data-image-id=\"5acc5b19-3a08-4b30-8dca-6793bcfd19a7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>版本更新</h2>\n<p>以下功能是 IDEA StatiCa 发布说明的一部分，可能与焊缝相关。请通过以下链接阅读专题文章中的更多功能介绍：</p>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"c1adb56e-c715-4213-b637-bc94b8f84def\" href=\"\"><strong>缺失焊缝检查</strong></a><strong> </strong>（版本 20.1）</p>\n<p>我们新增了一项实用工具，可自动帮助用户发现节点中未焊接的部分：该工具用于分析节点模型中可能缺失的焊缝。 </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"450a4d6a-d571-4297-a195-63e33fdd30bc\" data-image-id=\"450a4d6a-d571-4297-a195-63e33fdd30bc\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/12b10280-2125-44a3-b60e-6031f87a3e03/Missing%20welds.png\" data-asset-id=\"450a4d6a-d571-4297-a195-63e33fdd30bc\" data-image-id=\"450a4d6a-d571-4297-a195-63e33fdd30bc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"d38299a4-0ea1-44c0-bf31-c2b61ad0d63b\" href=\"\"><strong>推荐焊缝导入</strong></a> （版本 20.1）</p>\n<p>从 CAD 软件导入节点时，现在可以选择添加推荐焊缝。 </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"66cc6cf4-0454-4973-80d1-c036df7af58d\" data-image-id=\"66cc6cf4-0454-4973-80d1-c036df7af58d\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/e38caf39-0947-4aff-be81-7d3eb57ada99/Screenshot%202020-10-05%20122254.png\" data-asset-id=\"66cc6cf4-0454-4973-80d1-c036df7af58d\" data-image-id=\"66cc6cf4-0454-4973-80d1-c036df7af58d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"040fcb75-d544-4d75-bc49-182d150177d7\" href=\"\"><strong>对接焊缝模型升级</strong></a> （版本 20.1）</p>\n<p>针对边缘与面的对接焊缝，对接焊缝尺寸已进行修正。 </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"401d916b-5fa2-4561-9051-9a6544652cea\" data-image-id=\"401d916b-5fa2-4561-9051-9a6544652cea\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/20b7b61e-2508-4f74-9c1e-355619627e82/Butt%20welds%20upgraded%20model.png\" data-asset-id=\"401d916b-5fa2-4561-9051-9a6544652cea\" data-image-id=\"401d916b-5fa2-4561-9051-9a6544652cea\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"6a1966e1-7905-4ced-a002-c8f568072d4c\" href=\"\"><strong>按欧洲规范（EN）和印度标准（IS）的焊缝校核特殊规定</strong></a><strong> </strong>（版本 21.1）</p>\n<p>为符合规范要求并保证设计安全，焊缝规范校核中采用的强度值现在根据 EN 和 IS 标准，由母材钢材强度值及焊缝材料本身共同计算得出。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5062c6bd-0e2b-4f50-817b-0540cb5d686d\" data-image-id=\"5062c6bd-0e2b-4f50-817b-0540cb5d686d\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/59c4504e-b3b9-4dc2-8b14-4f121a23e1c3/Welds1.png\" data-asset-id=\"5062c6bd-0e2b-4f50-817b-0540cb5d686d\" data-image-id=\"5062c6bd-0e2b-4f50-817b-0540cb5d686d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"ddfe7eda-4125-461a-b0f1-90de133d5cc6\" href=\"\"><strong>焊缝与接触操作组合</strong></a><strong> </strong>（版本 22.1）</p>\n<p>自版本 22.1 起，焊缝操作与接触操作可以组合使用。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e5be481f-5e66-43a8-8573-fdbc4d74a541\" data-image-id=\"e5be481f-5e66-43a8-8573-fdbc4d74a541\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/4dd4d3e4-77f0-4c14-9801-e9183f26cca6/WaC.png\" data-asset-id=\"e5be481f-5e66-43a8-8573-fdbc4d74a541\" data-image-id=\"e5be481f-5e66-43a8-8573-fdbc4d74a541\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"102a323e-f663-4c3a-8a1e-1c95edec23c6\" href=\"\"><strong>板件与焊缝碰撞检查</strong></a><strong> </strong>（版本 22.1）</p>\n<p>板件及模型各部分的定位方式可能与其他板件和构件发生碰撞。 </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b2f8fc0a-893b-4d9a-8648-092ef3a5e88b\" data-image-id=\"b2f8fc0a-893b-4d9a-8648-092ef3a5e88b\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d631a548-e7ca-4f84-a3c1-5c0207280cc0/clash3.png\" data-asset-id=\"b2f8fc0a-893b-4d9a-8648-092ef3a5e88b\" data-image-id=\"b2f8fc0a-893b-4d9a-8648-092ef3a5e88b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"d0b2eca2-e40d-4ac8-bf4e-d2d0f8e09fbf\" href=\"\"><strong>焊接截面焊缝校核</strong></a><strong> </strong>（版本 23.0）</p>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa 现在可以校核具有焊接截面构件的纵向焊缝。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"388ba76a-be74-4fed-b0bb-9d7000ba1cad\" data-image-id=\"388ba76a-be74-4fed-b0bb-9d7000ba1cad\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/b60903c8-dc26-4604-bc81-96d35d003afb/Welded-sections%200.png\" data-asset-id=\"388ba76a-be74-4fed-b0bb-9d7000ba1cad\" data-image-id=\"388ba76a-be74-4fed-b0bb-9d7000ba1cad\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b4706514-8348-4710-918e-fd6b6e80c5f5\" href=\"\"><strong>改进的焊缝校核可视化</strong></a> （版本 23.0）</p>\n<p>使用有限单元法进行焊缝校核与传统设计计算有所不同。在传统计算中，小偏心、变形、扭转、泊松系数等因素可能被忽略。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8f86157e-4555-4525-aff0-fb388b0d718f\" data-image-id=\"8f86157e-4555-4525-aff0-fb388b0d718f\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/172ca452-c56d-40ca-afc4-9dc406734d70/weldchecktable.png\" data-asset-id=\"8f86157e-4555-4525-aff0-fb388b0d718f\" data-image-id=\"8f86157e-4555-4525-aff0-fb388b0d718f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"5f4c7d1f-5145-4fa0-a9bf-535808187857\" href=\"\"><strong>欧洲规范中螺栓和焊缝的构造改进</strong></a> （版本 23.0）</p>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa Connection 中的构造校核得到改进。工程师可通过校核表格和报告中提供的详尽信息及欧洲规范建议，更好地了解螺栓和焊缝的设计与规范校核情况。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6dca1495-d3ba-4128-84fc-1b5d279d3440\" data-image-id=\"6dca1495-d3ba-4128-84fc-1b5d279d3440\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/9e0a6490-1e33-44fa-ab30-1247a201de0f/Detailing%20improvements_main%20image.png\" data-asset-id=\"6dca1495-d3ba-4128-84fc-1b5d279d3440\" data-image-id=\"6dca1495-d3ba-4128-84fc-1b5d279d3440\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b4706514-8348-4710-918e-fd6b6e80c5f5\" href=\"\"><strong>用户自定义焊接电极</strong></a> （版本 23.1）</p>\n<p>焊缝材料是<a data-item-id=\"898f72ce-7360-54a8-95b1-9b26a8d16346\" href=\"\">MPRL（材料与产品范围库）</a>中的可编辑项目。这意味着您可以独立于被连接板件的钢材等级来定义焊接电极。</p>\n<p>要添加用户自定义焊接材料，请转到<strong>材料</strong>选项卡，添加<strong>焊缝</strong>材料，并<strong>编辑</strong>其属性。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"552c02a6-a54a-4149-83e2-d0c17d78561f\" data-image-id=\"552c02a6-a54a-4149-83e2-d0c17d78561f\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/13eae981-ca17-401d-b1c8-7da0416d207e/Welds%20-%20autodesign%2C%20input%2C%20warnings%2C%20visualization1.png\" data-asset-id=\"552c02a6-a54a-4149-83e2-d0c17d78561f\" data-image-id=\"552c02a6-a54a-4149-83e2-d0c17d78561f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b4706514-8348-4710-918e-fd6b6e80c5f5\" href=\"\"><strong>通用焊缝在三维场景中高亮显示</strong></a> （版本 23.1）</p>\n<p>Connection 软件的三维场景中有一项简单改进，有助于更好地定位，尤其是在通过 BIM 链接从 CAD 应用程序导入的较大节点模型中。</p>\n<p>当选中<strong>通用焊缝或接触操作</strong>时，三维场景中的焊缝将以橙色高亮显示（默认设置）。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c1e8146a-47c2-4147-9c75-5ae4e738622d\" data-image-id=\"c1e8146a-47c2-4147-9c75-5ae4e738622d\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/ae2aa532-e36b-4125-a8b6-80015ebb8df3/Welds%20-%20autodesign%2C%20input%2C%20warnings%2C%20visualization10.png\" data-asset-id=\"c1e8146a-47c2-4147-9c75-5ae4e738622d\" data-image-id=\"c1e8146a-47c2-4147-9c75-5ae4e738622d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b4706514-8348-4710-918e-fd6b6e80c5f5\" href=\"\"><strong>电极强度高于板件时的警告</strong></a> （版本 23.1）</p>\n<p>当在 Connection 软件的<strong>规范设置</strong>中激活<a data-item-id=\"5f4c7d1f-5145-4fa0-a9bf-535808187857\" href=\"\"><strong>构造</strong><strong>校核</strong></a><strong> </strong>时，若焊接电极材料强度高于被焊板件，用户将收到警告。这有助于确保设计安全标准。</p>\n<p>此规定适用于欧洲规范（EN）和印度标准（IS），这两个标准中包含相关条款，规定焊缝强度由被连接板件中较小的极限强度确定，并要求焊接电极的填充材料强度必须高于母材强度（EN 1993-1-8 – 4.5.3.2 及 IS 800:2007 - 10.5.7.1.1）。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bab985b6-6e6b-48eb-bff9-63acd1d8f859\" data-image-id=\"bab985b6-6e6b-48eb-bff9-63acd1d8f859\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/e467c86d-22ea-47de-b048-7c2265a63cda/Welds%20-%20autodesign%2C%20input%2C%20warnings%2C%20visualization11.png\" data-asset-id=\"bab985b6-6e6b-48eb-bff9-63acd1d8f859\" data-image-id=\"bab985b6-6e6b-48eb-bff9-63acd1d8f859\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"139d124d-d3e0-463d-979a-86ae271d3e81\" href=\"\"><strong>连接相同板件的焊缝与螺栓警告</strong></a> （版本 23.1）</p>\n<p>将焊缝与螺栓组合或将普通螺栓与预拉力螺栓组合的节点设计是不安全的，且不符合规范要求。Connection 软件会自动提示您在项目中是否使用了此类工作流程，以确保设计的正确性和安全性。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1cbe1a11-db46-4da7-ab2b-2f541984db0a\" data-image-id=\"1cbe1a11-db46-4da7-ab2b-2f541984db0a\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/f7b68cff-d260-4f8a-8ab2-048893e63b39/Bolts%20and%20welds_warning%20message.png\" data-asset-id=\"1cbe1a11-db46-4da7-ab2b-2f541984db0a\" data-image-id=\"1cbe1a11-db46-4da7-ab2b-2f541984db0a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"0248496a-4acc-4b33-8842-4afe0bd9e802\" href=\"\"><strong>焊缝延性/全强度/超强度自动设计</strong></a> （版本 24.0）</p>\n<p>焊缝自动定尺消除了繁琐耗时的逐条焊缝手动输入与校核工作。借助自动化算法，IDEA StatiCa 可实现更快速的建模和绝对安全的焊接节点设计。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"69d70cd1-f9f7-47d5-8b4d-8226620d5ec9\" data-image-id=\"69d70cd1-f9f7-47d5-8b4d-8226620d5ec9\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/202ed4a2-278b-466c-b2d2-47023adfa727/Weld%20sizing%20to%20ductility1.png\" data-asset-id=\"69d70cd1-f9f7-47d5-8b4d-8226620d5ec9\" data-image-id=\"69d70cd1-f9f7-47d5-8b4d-8226620d5ec9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b5fdc985-c8bd-41af-abf8-d6722fc84d43\" href=\"\"><strong>基于承载力估算的焊缝自动定尺</strong></a> （版本 24.0）</p>\n<p>焊缝自动定尺解决了手动调整每条焊缝尺寸既繁琐又耗时的难题。通过自动化处理，IDEA StatiCa 显著加快了设计流程，并促进了各项目间焊缝设计的一致性。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0b97f49e-f205-43ee-b5de-00b203e18a3a\" data-image-id=\"0b97f49e-f205-43ee-b5de-00b203e18a3a\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/139beb9e-2e4e-4581-8a6b-e076578371d0/Weld%20sizing%20to%20capacity%20estimation1.png\" data-asset-id=\"0b97f49e-f205-43ee-b5de-00b203e18a3a\" data-image-id=\"0b97f49e-f205-43ee-b5de-00b203e18a3a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"d65d8320-3860-4fbc-984c-a73163766798\" href=\"\"><strong>部分熔透（PJP）坡口焊缝</strong></a><strong> </strong>（版本 24.0、24.1、25.0）</p>\n<p>在 IDEA StatiCa Connection 中集成部分熔透坡口焊缝（即部分熔透对接焊缝，简称 PJP 焊缝），满足了 PJP 对接焊缝的特定要求，这些要求与角焊缝的要求有所不同。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d6fde932-e78a-4406-835a-8ff0ea82666c\" data-image-id=\"d6fde932-e78a-4406-835a-8ff0ea82666c\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d8a95f95-4aa5-4b9e-9b51-d58130c4afab/Partial%20Joint%20Penetration%20%28PJP%29%20groove%20weld.png\" data-asset-id=\"d6fde932-e78a-4406-835a-8ff0ea82666c\" data-image-id=\"d6fde932-e78a-4406-835a-8ff0ea82666c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>部分熔透焊缝的尺寸按输入值直接用于分析，IDEA StatiCa 不进行任何调整（如名义焊缝尺寸的折减）——此类调整应由用户在输入前自行完成。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4a731e96-e34c-4966-ad18-956f693bdf7d\" data-image-id=\"4a731e96-e34c-4966-ad18-956f693bdf7d\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/1dd7c48e-f81a-4570-a239-8aa1a096c24d/Partial%20Joint%20Penetration%20%28PJP%29%20groove%20welds%2018.png\" data-asset-id=\"4a731e96-e34c-4966-ad18-956f693bdf7d\" data-image-id=\"4a731e96-e34c-4966-ad18-956f693bdf7d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>焊缝单元相关警告（版本 24.1）</strong></p>\n<p>内置两类警告：</p>\n<ul>\n <li>\"由于边缘对边缘连接，焊缝类型已更改为对接焊缝\"（建模操作导致焊缝类型变更）</li>\n <li>\"由于几何限制，焊缝未能创建\"（涵盖几何不精确导致焊缝创建失败的情况）</li>\n</ul>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b69964d5-581d-4184-bddd-80b58f80a902\" href=\"\"><strong>地区性改进（版本 25.0）</strong></a></p>\n<p>针对本地工程师，版本 25.0 提供了多项改进，包括欧洲规范中的 PJP 焊缝、新版 ACI 的实施（不仅限于美国工程师）、中国标准的锚固校核、英美术语的区分等。</p>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"39838f72-2f1e-4385-9393-952efa63dc20\" href=\"\"><strong>焊缝扩散区域（版本 25.0）</strong></a></p>\n<p>版本 25.0 中焊缝扩散区域略有调整。以下文章清晰说明了力如何通过焊缝从一块板传递到另一块板。</p>\n<p>对接焊缝与角焊缝的焊缝扩散区域差异显著。从板边缘到另一板表面的扩散区域按下图定义：</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c98458a8-ce28-4e04-b397-4caa3bbe7d66\" data-image-id=\"c98458a8-ce28-4e04-b397-4caa3bbe7d66\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/c15a1435-db8f-4d2a-84e1-51a0e516a84b/Weld%20spreading%20area%20v25.png\" data-asset-id=\"c98458a8-ce28-4e04-b397-4caa3bbe7d66\" data-image-id=\"c98458a8-ce28-4e04-b397-4caa3bbe7d66\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>来自边缘板的力根据节点与焊缝扩散区域的距离，分配至面板的各节点。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"99fa11e5-36be-46c2-9621-b7f333b81639\" data-image-id=\"99fa11e5-36be-46c2-9621-b7f333b81639\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/7ab584c9-fd6e-4489-969d-fd851e41008e/Weld%20spreading%20area%20-%20nodal%20forces.png\" data-asset-id=\"99fa11e5-36be-46c2-9621-b7f333b81639\" data-image-id=\"99fa11e5-36be-46c2-9621-b7f333b81639\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>版本 25.0 的变更内容包括哪些？</p>\n<ul>\n <li>对接焊缝的扩散区域已缩小</li>\n <li>角焊缝的扩散区域现在更准确地反映角焊缝尺寸</li>\n <li>面板厚度不再影响焊缝扩散区域</li>\n</ul>\n<p>为何进行上述变更？</p>\n<ul>\n <li>近期，我们与<a href=\"https://www.uc.pt/en/\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">科英布拉大学</a>和<a href=\"https://isise.net/\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ISISE</a>开展了一项<a data-item-id=\"7f29d59b-f37a-45fe-abf2-4bc19bc48be4\" href=\"\">联合项目</a>。项目目标是在<a href=\"https://www.3ds.com/products/simulia/abaqus\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Abaqus</a>（采用实体有限单元的通用有限元软件包）中建立一系列数值模型，并将结果与 IDEA StatiCa Connection（壳有限单元）进行对比，重点关注焊接梁柱弯矩节点。对比结果表明：\n <ul>\n <li>柱中无显著压力的轧制柱结果吻合良好 </li>\n <li>对接焊缝柱的结果略偏不保守（偏差 5.8%）。因此，针对对接焊缝缩小焊缝扩散区域的变更由此而来。</li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5de940cd-26fb-4fb3-893d-5ed36e92b164\" data-image-id=\"5de940cd-26fb-4fb3-893d-5ed36e92b164\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/577d9983-9802-49ac-b805-f267c33c2280/AbaqusCoimbra.png\" data-asset-id=\"5de940cd-26fb-4fb3-893d-5ed36e92b164\" data-image-id=\"5de940cd-26fb-4fb3-893d-5ed36e92b164\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"39492685-bd8a-4093-b540-660750c99c2f\" data-image-id=\"39492685-bd8a-4093-b540-660750c99c2f\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/66a85600-5ee6-4108-8dc2-36a915e7e09f/Contemplated%20geometries.png\" data-asset-id=\"39492685-bd8a-4093-b540-660750c99c2f\" data-image-id=\"39492685-bd8a-4093-b540-660750c99c2f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n1eaf4baa_ec1c_01d5_43c8_f208b329c833\"></object>\n<p><strong>圆形板焊缝（版本 26.0）</strong></p>\n<p>圆形加劲板常用于加强薄腹板，但在版本 26.0 之前，无法直接为这些板件定义焊缝。</p>\n<p>因此，用户不得不采用变通方法，通常是从 DXF 文件以多边形方式导入板件，这增加了不必要的步骤，降低了建模效率。</p>\n<p>通过此次更新，现在可以<strong>直接为圆形加劲板定义焊缝</strong>。板件在内部被离散为若干段，类似于圆形空心截面，以确保分析行为的准确性。分段数量遵循全局<a data-item-id=\"e19f7ee2-b429-4cc4-9879-5c9bb8e42a1f\" href=\"\">项目设置</a>，保证模型的一致性。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b35bf18f-05c5-431c-8ed3-5c3739ee5d6e\" data-image-id=\"b35bf18f-05c5-431c-8ed3-5c3739ee5d6e\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/4393742b-3339-49ac-aa9e-848b9c4b336d/Circular%20plate%20welds_01.png\" data-asset-id=\"b35bf18f-05c5-431c-8ed3-5c3739ee5d6e\" data-image-id=\"b35bf18f-05c5-431c-8ed3-5c3739ee5d6e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<h2>网络研讨会与视频</h2>\n<p>过去，我们举办了多场关于焊接节点建模的网络研讨会。您可以在以下录像中获取参考：</p>\n<h4>IDEA StatiCa 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"value": "<p>推荐使用标准罚函数法对板件之间的接触进行建模。当检测到节点穿入对侧接触面时，在该节点与对侧板件之间施加罚刚度。罚刚度由启发式算法在非线性迭代过程中进行控制，以获得更好的收敛性。求解器自动检测穿透点，并求解穿透节点与对侧板件节点之间的接触力分布。如图所示，该方法允许在不同网格之间建立接触。罚函数法的优点在于模型的自动装配。板件之间的接触对节点中力的重分布有重要影响。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"636a0d8a-150f-43a6-89a2-fc32d594385b\" data-image-id=\"636a0d8a-150f-43a6-89a2-fc32d594385b\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/c1c19e97-c73b-4e5c-b40e-1655f9e9d1d3/Structural%20design%20of%20a%20steel%20connection%20-%20Contacts%20between%20plates.png\" data-asset-id=\"636a0d8a-150f-43a6-89a2-fc32d594385b\" data-image-id=\"636a0d8a-150f-43a6-89a2-fc32d594385b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>两个搭接Z形截面檩条腹板与翼缘之间接触板件分离的示例</em></p>\n<p>可以在以下部位添加接触</p>\n<ul>\n <li>两个面之间，</li>\n <li>两条边之间，</li>\n <li>边与面之间。</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8ec0bea6-f990-4e43-81bf-a34c76e6dc74\" data-image-id=\"8ec0bea6-f990-4e43-81bf-a34c76e6dc74\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/02e3e1c2-223a-4a9f-800d-935e7b3dac76/edge-to-edge-contact.png\" data-asset-id=\"8ec0bea6-f990-4e43-81bf-a34c76e6dc74\" data-image-id=\"8ec0bea6-f990-4e43-81bf-a34c76e6dc74\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>座板与端板之间边对边接触的示例</em></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e47c299b-4acd-4b1f-bfa6-ef1fd1d972ca\" data-image-id=\"e47c299b-4acd-4b1f-bfa6-ef1fd1d972ca\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/02d6ce4a-86b1-4eac-9525-c59772b520e3/edge-to-surface-contact.png\" data-asset-id=\"e47c299b-4acd-4b1f-bfa6-ef1fd1d972ca\" data-image-id=\"e47c299b-4acd-4b1f-bfa6-ef1fd1d972ca\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>梁下翼缘与柱翼缘之间边对面接触的示例</em></p>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"22ff0f4a-a6f0-4086-bc4c-ed49f4aa86e2\" href=\"\">接触处的应力</a>可以可视化，其数值显示在板件校核表中。但接触应力仅供参考，不用于任何规范校核。此外，壳单元的厚度方向应力不予考虑。 </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c159e0e3-13d4-46a1-8c23-e93ae0d81678\" data-image-id=\"c159e0e3-13d4-46a1-8c23-e93ae0d81678\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/3762ca8b-a140-47c8-a32e-3e2db2d6ca4d/contacts.png\" data-asset-id=\"c159e0e3-13d4-46a1-8c23-e93ae0d81678\" data-image-id=\"c159e0e3-13d4-46a1-8c23-e93ae0d81678\" alt=\"\"></figure>"
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"value": "<p>单元数量的增加可提供更精确的结果，但代价是更高的计算需求。</p>\n<h4>板模型</h4>\n<p>推荐使用壳单元对结构节点有限元分析中的板进行建模。采用角点处设有节点的四节点四边形壳单元。每个节点考虑六个自由度：3个平动（<em>u</em><sub>x</sub>、<em>u</em><sub>y</sub>、<em>u</em><sub>z</sub>）和3个转动（<em>φ</em><sub>x</sub>、<em>φ</em><sub>y</sub>、<em>φ</em><sub>z</sub>）。单元变形分为薄膜分量和弯曲分量。</p>\n<p>薄膜行为的公式基于 Ibrahimbegovic（1990）的研究成果。考虑垂直于单元平面的转动，并提供完整的三维单元公式。基于 Mindlin 假设，在单元弯曲行为的公式中考虑了面外剪切变形。采用自研的稳定化 Mindlin 四边形板单元变体，沿边缘具有恒定剪切变形。这些单元受 MITC4 单元启发，参见 Dvorkin（1984）。壳体在每个积分点处沿板厚方向划分为五个积分层，并在每个点分析塑性行为，即 Gauss–Lobatto 积分。基于已知应变在每层中分析材料的非线性弹塑性阶段。仅显示所有层中的最大应力和应变。</p>\n<h4>网格收敛性</h4>\n<p>节点模型中的网格生成有若干准则。节点校核结果应与单元尺寸无关。单独板上的网格生成不存在问题。对于加劲板、T 形件和底板等复杂几何形状，应予以特别关注。对于复杂几何形状，应进行考虑网格离散化的敏感性分析。</p>\n<p>梁截面的所有板共用统一的单元划分。生成的有限单元尺寸受到限制，最小单元尺寸设为 10 mm，最大单元尺寸设为 50 mm（可在规范设置中调整）。翼缘和腹板上的网格相互独立。默认有限单元数量设为每截面高度 8 个单元，如下图所示。用户可在规范设置中修改默认值。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"56b04327-298f-4d82-9f7d-0c066664772c\" data-image-id=\"56b04327-298f-4d82-9f7d-0c066664772c\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/82635179-c288-44ba-bf8d-c12b80a32766/Structural%20design%20of%20a%20steel%20connection%20-%20Plate%20model%20and%20mesh%20convergence.png\" data-asset-id=\"56b04327-298f-4d82-9f7d-0c066664772c\" data-image-id=\"56b04327-298f-4d82-9f7d-0c066664772c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>梁上的网格，腹板与翼缘板之间设有约束</em></p>\n<p>端板的网格独立于其他节点部件。默认有限单元尺寸设为每截面高度 16 个单元，如图所示。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8d24be01-1329-41ea-8233-9de761728436\" data-image-id=\"8d24be01-1329-41ea-8233-9de761728436\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/7f71beb4-9fd6-4517-b069-6905b8176a8a/plate_mesh.png\" data-asset-id=\"8d24be01-1329-41ea-8233-9de761728436\" data-image-id=\"8d24be01-1329-41ea-8233-9de761728436\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>端板上的网格，沿宽度方向有 7 个单元</em></p>\n<p>以下梁柱节点算例展示了网格尺寸对弯矩承载力的影响。开口截面梁 IPE 220 与开口截面柱 HEA 200 相连，并承受弯矩荷载，如下图所示。关键组件为受剪柱腹板区格。沿截面高度方向的有限单元数量从 4 变化至 40，并对结果进行比较。虚线表示 5%、10% 和 15% 的差异。建议将截面高度划分为 8 个单元。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d7f4071e-0e80-460f-8d61-f7e271cbb6a0\" data-image-id=\"d7f4071e-0e80-460f-8d61-f7e271cbb6a0\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d5bcfb21-1bf5-4c38-9d34-8e4ffe398738/beam_to_column.png\" data-asset-id=\"d7f4071e-0e80-460f-8d61-f7e271cbb6a0\" data-image-id=\"d7f4071e-0e80-460f-8d61-f7e271cbb6a0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>梁柱节点模型及承载能力极限状态下的塑性应变</em></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"80bf0274-5a14-4471-90af-93f56fc0a914\" data-image-id=\"80bf0274-5a14-4471-90af-93f56fc0a914\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/601738d5-2a76-4d40-97f7-722342d6d256/mesh_influence.png\" data-asset-id=\"80bf0274-5a14-4471-90af-93f56fc0a914\" data-image-id=\"80bf0274-5a14-4471-90af-93f56fc0a914\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>单元数量对弯矩承载力的影响</em></p>\n<p>本文介绍了柱腹板区格细长受压加劲板的网格敏感性研究。沿加劲板宽度方向的单元数量从 4 变化至 20。下图展示了第一阶屈曲模态以及单元数量对屈曲承载力和临界荷载的影响，并显示了 5% 和 10% 的差异。建议沿加劲板宽度方向使用 8 个单元。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"79630fed-3e60-44f9-bd9c-c9d2d47ffaf8\" data-image-id=\"79630fed-3e60-44f9-bd9c-c9d2d47ffaf8\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/c6c4099f-4691-4820-8691-8335303b111e/buckling_mesh.png\" data-asset-id=\"79630fed-3e60-44f9-bd9c-c9d2d47ffaf8\" data-image-id=\"79630fed-3e60-44f9-bd9c-c9d2d47ffaf8\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>第一阶屈曲模态及沿加劲板方向单元数量对弯矩承载力的影响</em></p>\n<p>本文介绍了受拉 T 形件的网格敏感性研究。翼缘半宽划分为 8 至 40 个单元，最小单元尺寸设为 1 mm。下图展示了单元数量对 T 形件承载力的影响。虚线表示 5%、10% 和 15% 的差异。建议在翼缘半宽上使用 16 个单元。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bd5d475b-5787-403f-886a-685e33f1be9d\" data-image-id=\"bd5d475b-5787-403f-886a-685e33f1be9d\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/05531827-8853-4859-ac6a-0de511100185/T-stub-mesh.png\" data-asset-id=\"bd5d475b-5787-403f-886a-685e33f1be9d\" data-image-id=\"bd5d475b-5787-403f-886a-685e33f1be9d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>单元数量对 T 形件承载力的影响</em></p>"
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"value": "<h2>1 新建项目</h2>\n<p>启动 <a data-item-id=\"b0a659df-8f92-4d1f-abb6-2efa02bad946\" href=\"\"><strong>IDEA StatiCa Connection</strong></a> 软件（<a data-item-id=\"0dff6482-3e17-4ca2-bb66-b4abc6a8dde4\" href=\"\">下载最新版本</a>）。通过选择最接近所需设计的模板创建新项目，并填写项目名称和描述。选择所需属性后，点击 <strong>Create project</strong> 确认。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1d8ac5cb-4d4b-4cc0-887f-5dc706648d9a\" data-image-id=\"1d8ac5cb-4d4b-4cc0-887f-5dc706648d9a\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/8cb395ad-c839-4c43-b496-41e8e8876258/Template%20selection.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"1d8ac5cb-4d4b-4cc0-887f-5dc706648d9a\" data-image-id=\"1d8ac5cb-4d4b-4cc0-887f-5dc706648d9a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>由于我们使用 AISC 规范，请设置<strong>英制单位</strong>（参见<a data-item-id=\"832da2a8-6d89-4598-84c5-dfc30515c634\" href=\"\">如何更改单位制</a>）。</p>\n<h2>2 几何</h2>\n<p>从修改节点几何形状开始。右键单击连续梁的腹板，打开包含所有可用操作的上下文菜单。使用 <strong>Plus</strong> 按钮添加新截面。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2dcf590d-cc84-467a-b6ec-0e869d2822b2\" data-image-id=\"2dcf590d-cc84-467a-b6ec-0e869d2822b2\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/58ab5ab3-a453-4dbc-ac9c-c2df4ddaa406/add%20member%20B%20section.png\" data-asset-id=\"2dcf590d-cc84-467a-b6ec-0e869d2822b2\" data-image-id=\"2dcf590d-cc84-467a-b6ec-0e869d2822b2\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>选择 I 型截面、W（AISC 15.0）类别以及 <strong>W8X31</strong> 截面。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"45318f72-c176-485a-8361-d089b5fd15c2\" data-image-id=\"45318f72-c176-485a-8361-d089b5fd15c2\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/4ccecb48-f2a5-46ad-a177-1a528ba33f41/member%20B%20new%20section.png\" data-asset-id=\"45318f72-c176-485a-8361-d089b5fd15c2\" data-image-id=\"45318f72-c176-485a-8361-d089b5fd15c2\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>继续修改垂直构件的截面。在实体树中选择构件 B1，点击截面的加号图标。从下方所示的正确库中选择 <strong>HSS3X3X.188</strong> 截面。确保新的 HSS 截面也选择了正确的材料。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a76ba69b-dad6-4557-a111-df7951b3765d\" data-image-id=\"a76ba69b-dad6-4557-a111-df7951b3765d\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/3a17175f-df2f-4f59-b868-0b1d37bde30d/member%20B1%20new%20section.png\" data-asset-id=\"a76ba69b-dad6-4557-a111-df7951b3765d\" data-image-id=\"a76ba69b-dad6-4557-a111-df7951b3765d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3a26f3d8-8719-43c5-ae83-5ff2b4c32a67\" data-image-id=\"3a26f3d8-8719-43c5-ae83-5ff2b4c32a67\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/ab13ae46-c89c-49b5-ad75-f5b46327e75e/member%20B1%20new%20material.png\" data-asset-id=\"3a26f3d8-8719-43c5-ae83-5ff2b4c32a67\" data-image-id=\"3a26f3d8-8719-43c5-ae83-5ff2b4c32a67\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>现在可以调整具有方形截面的梁 B1 的属性。请参照下图进行设置。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1ff7717a-8e2c-4282-8c85-05d1223657e7\" data-image-id=\"1ff7717a-8e2c-4282-8c85-05d1223657e7\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/e94d3b63-4016-484e-8d55-92ecd2f8b01b/member%20B1%20new%20properties.png\" data-asset-id=\"1ff7717a-8e2c-4282-8c85-05d1223657e7\" data-image-id=\"1ff7717a-8e2c-4282-8c85-05d1223657e7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>有关参数中模型类型和内力的更多信息，请参阅<a data-item-id=\"ac982d36-e45a-5d9f-93f8-344206647dc4\" href=\"\">如何建立单螺栓节点模型（模型类型）</a>和<a data-item-id=\"a25875d5-40c2-5ae8-8919-18016fad28ff\" href=\"\">如何定义正确的荷载位置（内力位置）</a>文章。</p>\n<h2>3 荷载效应</h2>\n<p>继续进行<a data-item-id=\"3eca9f92-b870-40f1-b11b-dd1ba61acb5a\" href=\"\">荷载效应</a>设置。在上方功能区关闭<a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/equilibrium-and-supporting-member\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">荷载平衡</a>。关闭荷载平衡后，连续承载构件 B 两端均受支撑，承载构件上无需定义荷载（不平衡力表格将被移除且不进行校核）。在构件 B1 的选项卡中输入 <strong>–15 kip</strong> 的轴力。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"856da55b-63c1-4823-8621-4e704be4b5bf\" data-image-id=\"856da55b-63c1-4823-8621-4e704be4b5bf\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/76221209-bdb3-4ba5-bbcc-c32f15f83a97/load%20effects.png\" data-asset-id=\"856da55b-63c1-4823-8621-4e704be4b5bf\" data-image-id=\"856da55b-63c1-4823-8621-4e704be4b5bf\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>4 设计</h2>\n<p>现在定义加工操作。点击上方功能区的<strong>操作</strong>图标，打开加工操作窗口。从可用操作中选择<strong>连接板</strong>操作，然后选择所需的螺栓组件 <strong>A490 5/8</strong>。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9862e9f0-afc3-46b2-a3dc-3681da2e17f5\" data-image-id=\"9862e9f0-afc3-46b2-a3dc-3681da2e17f5\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/102193b0-1df6-4067-8505-95fec3956ba3/Connecting%20plate%20operation.png\" data-asset-id=\"9862e9f0-afc3-46b2-a3dc-3681da2e17f5\" data-image-id=\"9862e9f0-afc3-46b2-a3dc-3681da2e17f5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>现在定义连接板的属性。请参照下图中的数值进行设置。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"18137ae9-d775-4e94-8568-461cb9ca1499\" data-image-id=\"18137ae9-d775-4e94-8568-461cb9ca1499\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/b20999e5-cbab-48e3-8ab0-5f8e3863c4b1/Connecting%20plate%20operation%20properties.png\" data-asset-id=\"18137ae9-d775-4e94-8568-461cb9ca1499\" data-image-id=\"18137ae9-d775-4e94-8568-461cb9ca1499\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>5 计算与校核</h2>\n<p>现在可以切换到功能区顶部的<strong>校核</strong>选项卡，然后在<strong>计算</strong>命令按钮下启动<a data-item-id=\"7264c6af-2992-4866-b1e4-b8ca79ab1c57\" href=\"\"><strong>屈曲分析</strong></a>。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"749920f8-5e59-4811-a779-c249ae644c2a\" data-image-id=\"749920f8-5e59-4811-a779-c249ae644c2a\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/65cb7ace-e33b-4f3d-90d4-4a4ae899cdb6/buckling%20analysis%201.png\" data-asset-id=\"749920f8-5e59-4811-a779-c249ae644c2a\" data-image-id=\"749920f8-5e59-4811-a779-c249ae644c2a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>分析完成后，开启<strong>屈曲形态</strong>、<strong>网格</strong>和<strong>变形</strong>视图。屈曲选项卡中提供了临界屈曲系数表格。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7b4d89db-db1b-4092-a4e4-5c743c7734fe\" data-image-id=\"7b4d89db-db1b-4092-a4e4-5c743c7734fe\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/a3a5a4b5-bf71-4574-81a7-3220851caffd/buckling%20analysis%201%20results.png\" data-asset-id=\"7b4d89db-db1b-4092-a4e4-5c743c7734fe\" data-image-id=\"7b4d89db-db1b-4092-a4e4-5c743c7734fe\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>点击<strong>临界屈曲系数</strong>选项卡中的每一行，可在三维窗口中浏览变形形态并进行可视化分析。临界屈曲系数可与规范要求进行比较。 </p>\n<p><strong>如何读取屈曲结果？</strong></p>\n<p>为了理解分析结果，请阅读推荐文档，例如<a href=\"#Steel_joint_buckling_analysis\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">理论背景</a>或<a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/buckling-analysis-according-to-aisc\">根据 AISC 进行屈曲分析</a>文章。</p>\n<p>在观察变形形态和屈曲系数时，请识别屈曲发生的位置： </p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>整体屈曲</strong>：影响节点的稳定性</li>\n <li><strong>局部屈曲：</strong>不影响节点的稳定性，但会影响节点其他部位的板件</li>\n</ul>\n<p>通常，当整体屈曲的临界屈曲系数大于 13、局部屈曲的临界屈曲系数大于 3 时，可认为屈曲是安全的。由于本例为<strong>整体屈曲</strong>且屈曲系数低于 13，建议如下： </p>\n<ul>\n <li>加强节点并重新计算屈曲分析，确保临界屈曲系数高于 13；</li>\n <li>或采用不同的分析方法或手段，确保屈曲对所设计节点不构成危险。</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>6 加强节点</h2>\n<p>返回<strong>设计</strong>选项卡，修改 CPL1 操作中的以下输入参数： </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a8a466c3-f821-4be5-95bb-35a56392d026\" data-image-id=\"a8a466c3-f821-4be5-95bb-35a56392d026\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d6512af2-9884-4175-9a00-aa26eaf8e4bf/Connecting%20plate%20operation%20properties%20updated%20V2.png\" data-asset-id=\"a8a466c3-f821-4be5-95bb-35a56392d026\" data-image-id=\"a8a466c3-f821-4be5-95bb-35a56392d026\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>转到<strong>校核</strong>选项卡，点击<strong>计算</strong>下拉菜单，选择<strong>应力/应变 - 屈曲</strong>。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"10606a84-99d1-493e-9159-b296dd93d279\" data-image-id=\"10606a84-99d1-493e-9159-b296dd93d279\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/53859852-bcb6-4e24-9642-87fb7189d95a/buckling%20analysis%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"10606a84-99d1-493e-9159-b296dd93d279\" data-image-id=\"10606a84-99d1-493e-9159-b296dd93d279\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>查看屈曲形态和系数。第一阶屈曲模态系数现已高于规范最低要求。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b98a2bc7-097c-459c-b890-017b83ff6f4e\" data-image-id=\"b98a2bc7-097c-459c-b890-017b83ff6f4e\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/b0c27f24-c156-4066-8f28-ee82721e4157/buckling%20analysis%202%20results.png\" data-asset-id=\"b98a2bc7-097c-459c-b890-017b83ff6f4e\" data-image-id=\"b98a2bc7-097c-459c-b890-017b83ff6f4e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>7 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"value": "<h2>1 新建项目</h2>\n<p>首先启动 <a data-item-id=\"b0a659df-8f92-4d1f-abb6-2efa02bad946\" href=\"\"><strong>IDEA StatiCa Connection</strong></a>。通过选择最接近所需设计的模板创建新项目，填写项目名称和描述。选择所需属性后，点击 <strong>Create blank design</strong> 确认。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b005bcc7-5f0a-4669-9081-68ad385bfcb8\" data-image-id=\"b005bcc7-5f0a-4669-9081-68ad385bfcb8\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/1ddcd8e8-3ec8-496e-b950-16451ac9ecd4/tutorial%20-%20Tubular%203D%20frame%20%28AISC%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"b005bcc7-5f0a-4669-9081-68ad385bfcb8\" data-image-id=\"b005bcc7-5f0a-4669-9081-68ad385bfcb8\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>由于您使用 AISC 规范进行设计，请设置<strong>英制单位</strong>（参见 <a data-item-id=\"832da2a8-6d89-4598-84c5-dfc30515c634\" href=\"\">如何更改单位制</a>）。</p>\n<h2>2 几何</h2>\n<p>从修改节点几何形状开始。<strong>选择构件 CH</strong>，点击\"+\"图标打开截面导航器。选择圆形空心截面类型，并<strong> </strong>选择 <strong>HSS12.75X.500</strong> 截面及对应的截面库。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ffc92c48-a6b1-466c-bcfb-6628ac2ccd9d\" data-image-id=\"ffc92c48-a6b1-466c-bcfb-6628ac2ccd9d\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/3338c0c7-cd49-40ff-9ef9-7bdc18fadbf6/CH%20new%20cross%20section.png\" data-asset-id=\"ffc92c48-a6b1-466c-bcfb-6628ac2ccd9d\" data-image-id=\"ffc92c48-a6b1-466c-bcfb-6628ac2ccd9d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>需要调整构件 CH 的属性，请参照下图进行设置。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2cd71c35-5ae1-4ceb-8004-f686ff7c07ae\" data-image-id=\"2cd71c35-5ae1-4ceb-8004-f686ff7c07ae\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/f9d76514-744c-4263-b1aa-3ab0e8867ba0/CH%20parameter%20adjustment.png\" data-asset-id=\"2cd71c35-5ae1-4ceb-8004-f686ff7c07ae\" data-image-id=\"2cd71c35-5ae1-4ceb-8004-f686ff7c07ae\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>利用已设置好的构件复制其属性，在实体树中<strong>右键单击</strong> 构件 CH，选择<strong>复制</strong>命令。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e7bceb75-8cfa-4f5a-b7c9-5e26e5b09cba\" data-image-id=\"e7bceb75-8cfa-4f5a-b7c9-5e26e5b09cba\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/04226ab6-4323-4fe1-991a-69ab94336133/CH%20copy.png\" data-asset-id=\"e7bceb75-8cfa-4f5a-b7c9-5e26e5b09cba\" data-image-id=\"e7bceb75-8cfa-4f5a-b7c9-5e26e5b09cba\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>按照下图调整构件 M4 的属性。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"fa57a96f-d40f-4de4-9bef-ae646c9ae391\" data-image-id=\"fa57a96f-d40f-4de4-9bef-ae646c9ae391\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/573665ea-b788-4814-a927-7e7ee6e86ddb/M4%20parameters.png\" data-asset-id=\"fa57a96f-d40f-4de4-9bef-ae646c9ae391\" data-image-id=\"fa57a96f-d40f-4de4-9bef-ae646c9ae391\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>继续修改斜杆 D1 的截面。在此情况下，截面 <strong>HSS6.625X0.375</strong> 已在模板中定义。从下拉菜单中选择<strong>第一个</strong>截面，并按下图所示调整属性。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8065d5a3-9eef-4fbd-adf0-4cee6eba3de9\" data-image-id=\"8065d5a3-9eef-4fbd-adf0-4cee6eba3de9\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/dbaffa89-9164-4d01-862d-428d816185f0/D1%20parameter%20adjustments.png\" data-asset-id=\"8065d5a3-9eef-4fbd-adf0-4cee6eba3de9\" data-image-id=\"8065d5a3-9eef-4fbd-adf0-4cee6eba3de9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>继续处理第二根斜杆 D2，按下图调整属性。新截面为 <strong>HSS10.75X.375。</strong></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bcfdf023-2a7c-47eb-9927-f61340b3771d\" data-image-id=\"bcfdf023-2a7c-47eb-9927-f61340b3771d\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/529817cc-7a3c-4a0a-82b5-44940ec05ecb/D2%20parameters.png\" data-asset-id=\"bcfdf023-2a7c-47eb-9927-f61340b3771d\" data-image-id=\"bcfdf023-2a7c-47eb-9927-f61340b3771d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>现在需要添加另一个构件，点击顶部功能区的 <strong>Member</strong> 选项。按下图所示更改新构件的方向和截面。 </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1f1334ba-633e-44c4-be94-71b14f46ca6e\" data-image-id=\"1f1334ba-633e-44c4-be94-71b14f46ca6e\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/0184228a-70c2-4491-bafc-05e189824c10/M5%20parameters.png\" data-asset-id=\"1f1334ba-633e-44c4-be94-71b14f46ca6e\" data-image-id=\"1f1334ba-633e-44c4-be94-71b14f46ca6e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>3 荷载效应</h2>\n<p>您可以继续设置<a data-item-id=\"3eca9f92-b870-40f1-b11b-dd1ba61acb5a\" href=\"\">荷载效应</a>。向导已自动添加了一个荷载效应。您需要在表格中输入所有内力。请不要忘记在顶部功能区开启<a data-item-id=\"f32270b7-97ff-5d81-94b7-35e6b51c7dde\" href=\"\">荷载平衡命令</a>。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3e0dc638-fb5d-44c1-83b1-ffc5f5d6e323\" data-image-id=\"3e0dc638-fb5d-44c1-83b1-ffc5f5d6e323\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/e110e23d-7cb6-4a9e-a6fc-2b9c6f101374/Load%20effects.png\" data-asset-id=\"3e0dc638-fb5d-44c1-83b1-ffc5f5d6e323\" data-image-id=\"3e0dc638-fb5d-44c1-83b1-ffc5f5d6e323\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>4 设计</h2>\n<p>您需要定义正确的加工操作。首先在顶部功能区选择<strong>操作</strong>功能。加工操作窗口将打开并显示所有可用操作。选择<strong>板与板</strong>操作，并按下图所示调整属性。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"17fe9a04-7bf0-4f1a-b1c3-e825681f3df1\" data-image-id=\"17fe9a04-7bf0-4f1a-b1c3-e825681f3df1\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/3bc373e1-7b62-4b23-9ba0-c8e51336e5d8/Plate%20to%20plate%20bolt%20selection.png\" data-asset-id=\"17fe9a04-7bf0-4f1a-b1c3-e825681f3df1\" data-image-id=\"17fe9a04-7bf0-4f1a-b1c3-e825681f3df1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"912d75ec-eb82-4861-8a5d-f884f0692bba\" data-image-id=\"912d75ec-eb82-4861-8a5d-f884f0692bba\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/e37ecf95-5fe1-4b91-96af-f95a6e2e8d30/Plate%20to%20Plate%20parameters.png\" data-asset-id=\"912d75ec-eb82-4861-8a5d-f884f0692bba\" data-image-id=\"912d75ec-eb82-4861-8a5d-f884f0692bba\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>现在，通过<strong>切割</strong>加工操作连接其他构件。通过顶部功能区的<strong>操作</strong>功能添加新操作，以切割构件 D2。按下图修改操作 CUT1 的属性。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2a0af4e9-be87-4b21-a912-a622bce330e5\" data-image-id=\"2a0af4e9-be87-4b21-a912-a622bce330e5\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/08f5778a-dc4c-4881-9b61-8903fbef35a7/D2%20Cut%20parameters.png\" data-asset-id=\"2a0af4e9-be87-4b21-a912-a622bce330e5\" data-image-id=\"2a0af4e9-be87-4b21-a912-a622bce330e5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>利用已定义的操作，<strong>右键单击</strong> 操作 CUT1，选择<strong>复制</strong>命令。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6177e2dd-2da6-4ca7-8396-bd0ea864dec1\" data-image-id=\"6177e2dd-2da6-4ca7-8396-bd0ea864dec1\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/5b8f761a-9188-4e43-bfee-4129f0d3348c/Cut1%20copy.png\" data-asset-id=\"6177e2dd-2da6-4ca7-8396-bd0ea864dec1\" data-image-id=\"6177e2dd-2da6-4ca7-8396-bd0ea864dec1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>按下图修改 CUT2 操作的属性。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b4d089fb-0cf2-47cc-ad12-74a127fb7e10\" data-image-id=\"b4d089fb-0cf2-47cc-ad12-74a127fb7e10\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/cc8dcb4d-fe47-49d2-912e-0fbcae56d469/Cut2%20parameters.png\" data-asset-id=\"b4d089fb-0cf2-47cc-ad12-74a127fb7e10\" data-image-id=\"b4d089fb-0cf2-47cc-ad12-74a127fb7e10\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>复制 CUT2 加工操作，并按下图修改 CUT3 加工操作的属性。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d54d0d10-64fa-4183-b452-368db2073256\" data-image-id=\"d54d0d10-64fa-4183-b452-368db2073256\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/db5d78dd-ff58-4cc3-9c9f-3507f9b3ef4a/Cut3%20parameters.png\" data-asset-id=\"d54d0d10-64fa-4183-b452-368db2073256\" data-image-id=\"d54d0d10-64fa-4183-b452-368db2073256\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>节点设计的最后一步是复制 CUT3。按下图修改 CUT4 的属性。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"88916c6c-91fe-4b4c-9a9a-9badb1d65925\" data-image-id=\"88916c6c-91fe-4b4c-9a9a-9badb1d65925\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/cd7e05f6-cd4f-4f6b-b9ad-601dcaa8ac4d/Cut4%20parameters.png\" data-asset-id=\"88916c6c-91fe-4b4c-9a9a-9badb1d65925\" data-image-id=\"88916c6c-91fe-4b4c-9a9a-9badb1d65925\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>5 计算与校核</h2>\n<p>您可以在设计选项卡中通过计算命令直接进行分析计算。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0b020b42-55ed-4b1c-aad7-36d7989b9ea4\" data-image-id=\"0b020b42-55ed-4b1c-aad7-36d7989b9ea4\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/8db774aa-3284-4e23-8db8-5db3c2dd2228/Calculate%20model.png\" data-asset-id=\"0b020b42-55ed-4b1c-aad7-36d7989b9ea4\" data-image-id=\"0b020b42-55ed-4b1c-aad7-36d7989b9ea4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>片刻后，结果摘要将显示在三维场景的左上角，并设置整体校核模型视图。如果对结果不满意，可以快速对模型进行微调。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8de2bd3d-7d20-4de5-8182-16ed4824eeda\" data-image-id=\"8de2bd3d-7d20-4de5-8182-16ed4824eeda\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/c6cd106b-0008-48fa-9ee4-67536f084e7d/Analysis%20results.png\" data-asset-id=\"8de2bd3d-7d20-4de5-8182-16ed4824eeda\" data-image-id=\"8de2bd3d-7d20-4de5-8182-16ed4824eeda\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>选择校核选项卡，开启<a data-item-id=\"860ec761-ea54-58b4-b6d2-d42dc086669c\" href=\"\"><strong>等效应力</strong></a>、<a data-item-id=\"fcc089b1-0e09-54a4-ae44-a27fcdf9cdab\" href=\"\"><strong>网格</strong></a>和<a data-item-id=\"b50c7a03-8544-59ce-922d-dbb93967f7bc\" href=\"\"><strong>变形模型</strong></a>视图。您也可以查看<a data-item-id=\"941f9e04-d36c-4496-83f3-1db7df9bbcee\" href=\"\"><strong>螺栓</strong></a>的详细结果，展开螺栓 B7 的结果。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"dfe0ca36-ef56-4590-b7bd-64420e27374c\" data-image-id=\"dfe0ca36-ef56-4590-b7bd-64420e27374c\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/bbb64c3a-834e-4394-b152-a0c888d3cef9/check%20tab.png\" data-asset-id=\"dfe0ca36-ef56-4590-b7bd-64420e27374c\" data-image-id=\"dfe0ca36-ef56-4590-b7bd-64420e27374c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>6 报告</h2>\n<p>最后，转到<strong>报告</strong>选项卡。IDEA StatiCa 提供完全可自定义的报告，可打印输出或以可编辑格式保存。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3f6c802e-a0da-464e-ae05-e82ae5b21260\" data-image-id=\"3f6c802e-a0da-464e-ae05-e82ae5b21260\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/9e3aac25-395e-4309-be4b-d8bfc5e41a2c/report.png\" data-asset-id=\"3f6c802e-a0da-464e-ae05-e82ae5b21260\" data-image-id=\"3f6c802e-a0da-464e-ae05-e82ae5b21260\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>您已按照 AISC 规范完成了钢结构节点的设计、优化和规范校核。</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"connection_tutorial___tubular_3d_frame__aisc_\"></object>\n<object 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"value": "<h2>1 新建项目</h2>\n<p>首先启动 <a data-item-id=\"b0a659df-8f92-4d1f-abb6-2efa02bad946\" href=\"\"><strong>IDEA StatiCa Connection</strong></a>。通过选择最接近所需设计的模板来创建新项目，填写项目名称和描述。选择所需属性后，点击 <strong>Create project</strong> 确认。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"510a48a9-e207-478d-af76-925ed4484c48\" data-image-id=\"510a48a9-e207-478d-af76-925ed4484c48\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/5b5a15fb-0213-4fbc-b774-dd866ea938c7/Template%20selection.png\" data-asset-id=\"510a48a9-e207-478d-af76-925ed4484c48\" data-image-id=\"510a48a9-e207-478d-af76-925ed4484c48\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>由于您使用 AISC 规范，请设置<strong>英制单位</strong>（参见 <a data-item-id=\"832da2a8-6d89-4598-84c5-dfc30515c634\" href=\"\">如何更改单位制</a>）。</p>\n<h2>2 几何</h2>\n<p>系统自动添加了两根梁。将构件 B1 的截面更改为焊接\"I 形截面\"，并定义<a data-item-id=\"376528a7-312a-52ea-b8a0-d2f726dd9f62\" href=\"\">截面</a>尺寸（高度、翼缘厚度和宽度、腹板厚度、<a data-item-id=\"d0b2eca2-e40d-4ac8-bf4e-d2d0f8e09fbf\" href=\"\">板间角焊缝</a>）。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cb4ce99a-4f66-414a-a9ad-eea68756f05f\" data-image-id=\"cb4ce99a-4f66-414a-a9ad-eea68756f05f\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/84f50955-9145-4896-9347-ba98982551e2/new%20cross-section.png\" data-asset-id=\"cb4ce99a-4f66-414a-a9ad-eea68756f05f\" data-image-id=\"cb4ce99a-4f66-414a-a9ad-eea68756f05f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>新截面的钢材材料：</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"28a79cdd-ee6f-4b46-b73b-f65820da6529\" data-image-id=\"28a79cdd-ee6f-4b46-b73b-f65820da6529\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/d9fb725d-bbc5-4199-b51f-8f0de89338e6/new%20cross-section%20material.png\" data-asset-id=\"28a79cdd-ee6f-4b46-b73b-f65820da6529\" data-image-id=\"28a79cdd-ee6f-4b46-b73b-f65820da6529\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>然后对构件 B2，从下拉菜单中选择相同的截面。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"74ba940d-d234-4393-a8cf-4eaf621e992e\" data-image-id=\"74ba940d-d234-4393-a8cf-4eaf621e992e\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/1e2d18c9-10e1-474f-a962-c749eed9f524/B2%20cross-section.png\" data-asset-id=\"74ba940d-d234-4393-a8cf-4eaf621e992e\" data-image-id=\"74ba940d-d234-4393-a8cf-4eaf621e992e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>3 荷载效应</h2>\n<p>继续进行<a data-item-id=\"0a4c97f6-c58f-5ef2-8fe4-89943e9c4fdb\" href=\"\">荷载效应</a>设置。系统自动添加了一个荷载效应。<a data-item-id=\"da6f80aa-abfd-4e64-b691-1dc7ea8e3d4c\" href=\"\">荷载平衡</a>选项已激活。在表格中输入内力值。可以添加更多荷载工况。 </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"64b09f39-e1f5-4828-9ca6-ecc194e285db\" data-image-id=\"64b09f39-e1f5-4828-9ca6-ecc194e285db\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/6ea00431-bef2-4219-a2be-84d8c9550c5b/load%20effects.png\" data-asset-id=\"64b09f39-e1f5-4828-9ca6-ecc194e285db\" data-image-id=\"64b09f39-e1f5-4828-9ca6-ecc194e285db\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>4 设计</h2>\n<p>在修改节点之前，右键单击 <strong>Operations (P)</strong> 并选择\"Explode\"。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0ba86b0c-67d6-422f-b093-075477af05b4\" data-image-id=\"0ba86b0c-67d6-422f-b093-075477af05b4\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/9f21aea3-383b-4a83-af07-3e8405c736e7/explode.png\" data-asset-id=\"0ba86b0c-67d6-422f-b093-075477af05b4\" data-image-id=\"0ba86b0c-67d6-422f-b093-075477af05b4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>系统自动添加了制造操作\"<a data-item-id=\"278db41e-0396-4c78-b6d1-5357392c4f5d\" href=\"\">板对板</a>\"。修改其几何参数，更改<a data-item-id=\"2a640f70-d538-48bf-a941-2835e5d7370f\" href=\"\">螺栓</a>属性和<a data-item-id=\"6a4c43f3-4910-44fa-9a88-a9f70967f647\" href=\"\">焊缝</a>属性。确保腹板采用双面角焊缝，而翼缘采用 PJP 焊缝。可以添加更多操作。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"56344379-65e6-4453-96f4-26aa719aba4e\" data-image-id=\"56344379-65e6-4453-96f4-26aa719aba4e\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/079d6d61-eaa9-4e46-b748-042b6519c131/Plate%20to%20plate%20parameters.png\" data-asset-id=\"56344379-65e6-4453-96f4-26aa719aba4e\" data-image-id=\"56344379-65e6-4453-96f4-26aa719aba4e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>5 计算与校核</h2>\n<p>点击功能区中的 <strong>Calculate</strong> 开始分析。分析模型自动生成，基于 <a data-item-id=\"06158daa-1491-4e83-ac34-4964bd5a3c63\" href=\"\">CBFEM（基于组件的有限元模型）</a>的计算执行完毕后，可以看到整体校核结果以及基本校核结果值。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9d8b3b0a-c35e-4b05-8d57-2a39d69bfd02\" data-image-id=\"9d8b3b0a-c35e-4b05-8d57-2a39d69bfd02\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/0b1c952b-eeaf-4188-94f6-c04f7d343898/stress-strain%20results.png\" data-asset-id=\"9d8b3b0a-c35e-4b05-8d57-2a39d69bfd02\" data-image-id=\"9d8b3b0a-c35e-4b05-8d57-2a39d69bfd02\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>转到显示选项卡 <strong>Check</strong>，在功能区中激活 <a data-item-id=\"41ccda74-0464-45a8-8e3f-7418a1cf8bc2\" href=\"\"><strong>Strain check</strong></a><strong>、</strong><a data-item-id=\"2c07f751-2638-5e69-a888-4cb8307741b0\" href=\"\"><strong>Bolt forces</strong></a><strong>、</strong><a data-item-id=\"fcc089b1-0e09-54a4-ae44-a27fcdf9cdab\" href=\"\"><strong>Mesh</strong></a> 和 <a data-item-id=\"b50c7a03-8544-59ce-922d-dbb93967f7bc\" href=\"\"><strong>Deformed</strong></a>，以全面了解节点中的受力状态。打开 <strong>Bolts</strong> 选项卡，可以看到部分螺栓的承载比非常低。 </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"212dd763-812d-4d3c-9c20-15c6b5d3373a\" data-image-id=\"212dd763-812d-4d3c-9c20-15c6b5d3373a\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/5df650be-e3d3-4998-a11e-75d7d1771a9d/check%20tab%20results.png\" data-asset-id=\"212dd763-812d-4d3c-9c20-15c6b5d3373a\" data-image-id=\"212dd763-812d-4d3c-9c20-15c6b5d3373a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>您可以在展开的菜单中查看螺栓规范校核方程。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"fa9ca0a2-b6dd-4781-af72-9090b9ebfa1d\" data-image-id=\"fa9ca0a2-b6dd-4781-af72-9090b9ebfa1d\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/e7f2163c-741e-4814-a95e-b982b26f2a92/Bolt%20check%20results.png\" data-asset-id=\"fa9ca0a2-b6dd-4781-af72-9090b9ebfa1d\" data-image-id=\"fa9ca0a2-b6dd-4781-af72-9090b9ebfa1d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>查看焊缝选项卡并审阅焊缝的规范计算： </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d0cf8a0a-98e8-41d3-99db-c856a46c5711\" data-image-id=\"d0cf8a0a-98e8-41d3-99db-c856a46c5711\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/445b1651-64c8-4507-b1cb-9668981e369c/Weld%20check%20results.png\" data-asset-id=\"d0cf8a0a-98e8-41d3-99db-c856a46c5711\" data-image-id=\"d0cf8a0a-98e8-41d3-99db-c856a46c5711\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>6 优化</h2>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"aa5365b6-eee0-41ad-8f98-c3f4843f90b0\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Connection</a> 提供了一种便捷的节点设计优化方式。已发现部分螺栓的承载比几乎为零。您可以将其删除，使设计更加经济。 </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"fe7b5e4d-64ed-493d-ab3d-d81665f2eec6\" data-image-id=\"fe7b5e4d-64ed-493d-ab3d-d81665f2eec6\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/e75b47f9-5db8-4de6-96cd-727e2fbf7f83/Bolt%20check.png\" data-asset-id=\"fe7b5e4d-64ed-493d-ab3d-d81665f2eec6\" data-image-id=\"fe7b5e4d-64ed-493d-ab3d-d81665f2eec6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>右键单击</strong>连接板并选择 <strong>Editor</strong>。点击 <strong>Explode</strong>。<strong></strong>选择并通过点击 <strong>Delete</strong> 删除螺栓 5、7、9、11、17、19、21 和 23。<strong></strong>重复该过程直至删除上述螺栓，最后点击 <strong>Apply</strong> 和 <strong>OK</strong>。 </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b00dbcf5-611c-41ab-a770-909e8321147b\" data-image-id=\"b00dbcf5-611c-41ab-a770-909e8321147b\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/e538f9a5-3622-490c-9a29-f5556155954f/plate%20editor.png\" data-asset-id=\"b00dbcf5-611c-41ab-a770-909e8321147b\" data-image-id=\"b00dbcf5-611c-41ab-a770-909e8321147b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>然后，再次运行<strong>计算</strong>并检查更新后的结果。新设计通过了所有校核，并节省了原设计螺栓数量的 1/3。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b19ed088-a64b-47cb-ad64-4fe493a65b4d\" data-image-id=\"b19ed088-a64b-47cb-ad64-4fe493a65b4d\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/a80b648a-1595-4ed0-a8db-1312bc5be5fa/stress-strain%20results%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"b19ed088-a64b-47cb-ad64-4fe493a65b4d\" data-image-id=\"b19ed088-a64b-47cb-ad64-4fe493a65b4d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>7 报告</h2>\n<p>要在报告中包含节点详图的剖面视图，请右键单击板并选择 <strong>Create section</strong>：</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f4790704-98ff-4c90-8fa4-8ca4720795dc\" data-image-id=\"f4790704-98ff-4c90-8fa4-8ca4720795dc\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/6c56678c-53fc-4c34-bd1e-9f1002918c44/create%20section.png\" data-asset-id=\"f4790704-98ff-4c90-8fa4-8ca4720795dc\" data-image-id=\"f4790704-98ff-4c90-8fa4-8ca4720795dc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>然后点击 <strong>New Picture</strong>，修改名称，并点击 <strong>OK</strong>。 </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4c0235ea-988f-4548-a13f-e9cd82e51552\" data-image-id=\"4c0235ea-988f-4548-a13f-e9cd82e51552\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/4ef49a20-a7e8-402b-ab57-a1af00a62f03/New%20picture.png\" data-asset-id=\"4c0235ea-988f-4548-a13f-e9cd82e51552\" data-image-id=\"4c0235ea-988f-4548-a13f-e9cd82e51552\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>最后，转到 <strong>Report</strong> 选项卡。IDEA StatiCa 提供完全可自定义的报告，可打印或以可编辑格式保存。要包含剖面图，请选择相应图标，并通过材料清单生成板对板节点详图：</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5cb8907f-63bc-4aff-8b40-50dfe3b47ffa\" data-image-id=\"5cb8907f-63bc-4aff-8b40-50dfe3b47ffa\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/6dae19a1-3fcc-43b0-bcbc-6a19d318e431/project%20item%20settings.png\" data-asset-id=\"5cb8907f-63bc-4aff-8b40-50dfe3b47ffa\" data-image-id=\"5cb8907f-63bc-4aff-8b40-50dfe3b47ffa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>点击 <strong>Generate</strong> 生成详细报告：</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ff190974-7c1e-40a4-b1a5-18bdd8a7851e\" data-image-id=\"ff190974-7c1e-40a4-b1a5-18bdd8a7851e\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/7f26bad8-a601-4f3e-980f-6b3b8d74129e/generate%20report.png\" data-asset-id=\"ff190974-7c1e-40a4-b1a5-18bdd8a7851e\" data-image-id=\"ff190974-7c1e-40a4-b1a5-18bdd8a7851e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c81c81db-23f2-492d-a6ac-d9ab816da9bb\" data-image-id=\"c81c81db-23f2-492d-a6ac-d9ab816da9bb\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/88e5b7a1-e4a8-45ac-ad04-485c3348187e/report.png\" data-asset-id=\"c81c81db-23f2-492d-a6ac-d9ab816da9bb\" data-image-id=\"c81c81db-23f2-492d-a6ac-d9ab816da9bb\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e3f73115-9ddf-4841-a2bd-cf5da9a5ecf6\" data-image-id=\"e3f73115-9ddf-4841-a2bd-cf5da9a5ecf6\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/8ba0035c-6f5e-4355-9560-d257ecdda7ed/report%20template.png\" data-asset-id=\"e3f73115-9ddf-4841-a2bd-cf5da9a5ecf6\" data-image-id=\"e3f73115-9ddf-4841-a2bd-cf5da9a5ecf6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>您已按照 AISC 规范完成了结构钢结构节点的设计、优化和规范校核。</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"bolted_plate_to_plate__aisc_\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"campus_cta\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n0aeeeaa5_f2e1_013e_1932_8edee32bb096\"></object>"
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"value": "<h2>1 新建项目</h2>\n<p>首先启动 <a data-item-id=\"b0a659df-8f92-4d1f-abb6-2efa02bad946\" href=\"\"><strong>IDEA StatiCa Connection</strong></a><strong> </strong>并 <a data-asset-id=\"bfa4cb1d-2461-4e94-bcb1-672539c98ab2\" href=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/ada662e0-a779-4864-bf3b-02d8d255f2f2/Joint%20design%20resistance%20%28AISC%29.ideaCon\">打开本教程的项目文件</a>。</p>\n<p>由于本教程涉及 AISC 规范，请确保设置<strong>英制单位</strong>（参见 <a data-item-id=\"832da2a8-6d89-4598-84c5-dfc30515c634\" href=\"\">如何更改单位制</a>）。</p>\n<h2>2 规范校核</h2>\n<p>点击功能区中的<strong>计算</strong>，开始对第一个节点 CON1 进行分析。分析模型将自动生成并执行计算。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4d4d62cc-f3e2-4041-a97a-478162ffef30\" data-image-id=\"4d4d62cc-f3e2-4041-a97a-478162ffef30\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/7dd825c1-fbe1-408f-b95e-2e40c1b78b47/Calculate%20Stress%20strain.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"4d4d62cc-f3e2-4041-a97a-478162ffef30\" data-image-id=\"4d4d62cc-f3e2-4041-a97a-478162ffef30\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>用户可以查看整体汇总校核结果，以及显示所有组件承载比的交通灯式快速概览。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"598b9f36-95e4-4355-b70d-34750f3d1e35\" data-image-id=\"598b9f36-95e4-4355-b70d-34750f3d1e35\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/49359e8b-ddd6-4df9-8b0b-a147aa0af7b3/Stress%20strain%20traffic%20light.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"598b9f36-95e4-4355-b70d-34750f3d1e35\" data-image-id=\"598b9f36-95e4-4355-b70d-34750f3d1e35\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>3 节点设计承载力</h2>\n<p>首先<strong>复制</strong>项目条目以保存之前的工作，然后将 Connection 2 的分析类型更改为 <strong>DR</strong>（节点设计承载力）。附件文件中已完成此操作，用户只需切换至 CON2 即可。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3f431524-7d95-499a-bb33-30a188e9185d\" data-image-id=\"3f431524-7d95-499a-bb33-30a188e9185d\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/cf5cdab0-b549-4251-9e53-37bef6960371/Copy%20and%20DR.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"3f431524-7d95-499a-bb33-30a188e9185d\" data-image-id=\"3f431524-7d95-499a-bb33-30a188e9185d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>现在用户可以通过顶部功能区中的<strong>计算</strong>命令来计算节点设计承载力分析。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a511f6f4-698d-41e8-91e4-51e3b19a5069\" data-image-id=\"a511f6f4-698d-41e8-91e4-51e3b19a5069\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/4115d876-ca44-4259-9506-c725373cac5f/Calculate%20DR.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"a511f6f4-698d-41e8-91e4-51e3b19a5069\" data-image-id=\"a511f6f4-698d-41e8-91e4-51e3b19a5069\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>4 规范校核</h2>\n<p>接下来进入\"校核\"选项卡，并在结果表中查看 <a data-item-id=\"b295d2cd-5434-4e6b-86ef-e03799cfdbcb\" href=\"\">节点设计承载力</a> 选项卡。软件将给出达到节点设计承载力所需的荷载折减百分比，同时提供荷载百分比增量与应变关系图。设计荷载和设计 <a data-item-id=\"b295d2cd-5434-4e6b-86ef-e03799cfdbcb\" href=\"\">承载力</a> 的数值也将以可视化方式呈现。</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"938681ec-3227-45d2-9d76-1040f2a5c2ee\" data-image-id=\"938681ec-3227-45d2-9d76-1040f2a5c2ee\"><img src=\"https://preview-assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/66e7a155-be94-0096-73e6-c55dfc7e5788/cb88ea7f-686e-4e05-a05a-de4bf5c638f2/DR%20results.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"938681ec-3227-45d2-9d76-1040f2a5c2ee\" data-image-id=\"938681ec-3227-45d2-9d76-1040f2a5c2ee\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>我们已按照 AISC 规范完成了节点的设计、规范校核及节点设计承载力计算。</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"connection_tutorial___joint_design_resistance__ais\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"campus_cta\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"a4a62305_ed4c_01ce_a37b_13ece50a94bd\"></object>"
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"value": "<h2>CBFEM（基于组件的有限元模型）方法简介</h2>\n<p><a href=\"#general-introduction\">钢结构节点结构设计概述</a><br><a href=\"#Steel-connection-material-model\">钢结构节点材料模型</a><br><a href=\"#Plate-model-and-mesh-convergence\">板模型与网格收敛性</a><br><a href=\"#Contacts-between-steel-connection-plates\">钢结构节点板间接触</a><br><a href=\"#Welded connections analysis\">焊接节点分析</a><br><a href=\"#Bolts and preloaded bolts connections\">螺栓及预拉力螺栓节点</a><br><a href=\"#Anchor_bolts\">锚栓</a><br><a href=\"#Structural model of a concrete block\">混凝土块的结构模型</a></p>\n<h2>IDEA StatiCa 分析模型</h2>\n<p><a href=\"#Steel joint analysis model\">钢节点分析模型</a><br><a href=\"#Node equilibrium in the 3D FEM model\">三维有限单元法模型中的节点平衡</a><a href=\"#Equilibrium_in_node\"><br></a><a href=\"#Internal forces in the steel connections\">钢结构节点中的内力</a><br><a href=\"#Strength analysis of steel joints\">钢节点承载力分析</a><br><a href=\"#Stiffness analysis and deformation capacity of steel joints\">钢节点刚度分析与变形能力</a><br><a href=\"#Steel connection capacity design\">钢结构节点能力设计</a><br><a href=\"#Steel connection design resistance\">钢结构节点设计承载力</a><br><a href=\"#Steel joint buckling analysis\">钢节点屈曲分析</a><br><a href=\"#Analysis convergence of complex steel connection models\">复杂钢结构节点模型的分析收敛性</a><br><a href=\"#Steel-to-timber connections\">钢-木连接节点</a><br><a href=\"#Thin-walled steel members\">薄壁钢构件</a><br><a href=\"#Lateral-torsional restraint in structural design\">结构设计中的侧扭约束</a><br><a href=\"#Steel joints of hollow section cross-section members\">空心截面构件的钢节点</a><br><a href=\"#Fatigue_analysis_type_in_structural_design\">结构设计中的疲劳分析类型</a><br><a href=\"#Fire-design\">防火设计</a><br><a href=\"#Weld-sizing\">焊缝尺寸设计</a></p>\n<h2>国家规范专项说明</h2>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"13cc5bee-7ec7-422b-8dbe-8a57ef0073a9\" href=\"\">按 EN（欧洲规范）进行构件规范校核</a><br><a data-item-id=\"39660a09-9d6b-596f-acab-dbef59ebd019\" href=\"\">按 AISC（美国标准）进行构件规范校核</a><br><a data-item-id=\"ccb0dd69-3047-537c-9214-82c29d42a56a\" href=\"\">按 CISC（加拿大标准）进行构件规范校核</a><br><a 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如需了解焊缝的精确长度，请在计算完成后进入"校核"选项卡。焊缝长度与管材的中心线相关。
您也可以在报告的材料清单（BOM）中找到所有焊缝的尺寸和长度。
