Assessment of the structure using the CSFM is performed by two different analyses: one for serviceability and one for ultimate limit state load combinations. The serviceability analysis assumes that the ultimate behavior of the element is satisfactory, and the yield conditions of the material will not be reached at serviceability load levels. This approach enables the use of simplified constitutive models (with a linear branch of concrete stress-strain diagram) for serviceability analysis to enhance numerical stability and calculation speed. Therefore, it is recommended the use the workflow presented below, in which the ultimate limit state analysis is carried out as the first step.
Ultimate limit state analysis
The different verifications required by specific design codes are assessed based on the direct results provided by the model. ULS verifications are carried out for concrete strength, reinforcement strength, and anchorage (bond shear stresses).
To ensure a structural element has an efficient design, it is highly recommended to run a preliminary analysis which takes into account the following steps:
- Choose a selection of the most critical load combinations.
- Calculate only Ultimate Limit State (ULS) load combinations.
- Use a coarse mesh (by increasing the multiplier of the default mesh size in Setup (Fig. 19)).
\[ \textsf{\textit{\footnotesize{Fig. 19\qquad Mesh multiplier.}}}\]
Such a model will calculate very quickly, allowing designers to review the detailing of the structural element efficiently and re-run the analysis until all verification requirements are fulfilled for the most critical load combinations. Once all the verification requirements of this preliminary analysis are fulfilled, it is suggested that the complete ultimate load combinations be included and the use of fine mesh size (the mesh size recommended by the program). User can change mesh size by the multiplier, which can reach values from 0.5 to 5 (Fig. 19).
The basic results and verifications (stress, strain, and utilization (i.e., the calculated value/limit value from the code), as well as the direction of principal stresses in the case of concrete elements) are displayed by means of different plots where compression is generally presented in red and tension in blue. Global minimum and maximum values for the entire structure can be highlighted as well as minimum and maximum values for every user-defined part. In a separate tab of the program, advanced results such as tensor values, deformations of the structure, and reinforcement ratios (effective and geometric) used for computing the tension stiffening of reinforcing bars can be shown. Furthermore, loads and reactions for selected combinations or load cases can be presented.
Serviceability limit state analysis
SLS assessments are carried out for stress limitation, crack width, and deflection limits. Stresses are checked in concrete and reinforcement elements according to the applicable code in a similar manner to that specified for the ULS.
The serviceability analysis contains certain simplifications of the constitutive models which are used for ultimate limit state analysis. A perfect bond is assumed, i.e., the anchorage length is not verified at serviceability. Furthermore, the plastic branch of the stress-strain curve of concrete in compression is disregarded, while the elastic branch is linear and infinite. These simplifications enhance the numerical stability and calculation speed, and do not reduce the generality of the solution as long as the resultant material stress limits at serviceability are clearly below their yielding points (as required by standards). Therefore, the simplified models used for serviceability are only valid if all verification requirements are fulfilled.
Widget #NaN: support_center_article
Name: Theoretical background Detail - Crack width calculation and Tension stiffening
ID: 3b2ffddf-80fb-4ad0-822b-89d98e3fee43
Show Raw Data
{
"title": {
"name": "Main headline (H1)",
"type": "text",
"value": "Crack width calculation and Tension stiffening"
},
"preview_image": {
"name": "Preview image",
"type": "asset",
"value": [
{
"name": "Structural element verification in IDEA StatiCa Detail.png",
"description": "Assessment of the structure using the CSFM is performed by two different analyses: one for serviceability and one for ultimate limit state load combinations. IDEA StatiCa Detail - a structural engineering design software.",
"type": "image/png",
"size": 174643,
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3ab2c71e-930c-4975-88fe-72502fad03d5/Structural%20element%20verification%20in%20IDEA%20StatiCa%20Detail.png",
"width": 1200,
"height": 630,
"renditions": {}
}
]
},
"post_date": {
"name": "Post date",
"type": "date_time",
"value": null,
"displayTimeZone": null
},
"perex_content": {
"name": "Lead paragraph",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"content": {
"images": [
{
"description": "Fig. 24\tCrack width calculation: (a) considered crack kinematics; (b) projection of crack kinematics into the principal directions of the reinforcing bar; (c) crack width in the direction of the reinforcing bar for stabilized cracking; (d) cases with local non-stabilized cracking regardless of the reinforcement amount; (e) crack width in the direction of the reinforcing bar for non-stabilized cracking.",
"imageId": "4a11f2de-770f-43aa-840a-4c41d9c2abf9",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/62ba3929-8689-4973-8782-fcdd0780002b/Crack%20width%20calculation.PNG",
"height": 903,
"width": 1395
},
{
"description": "Fig. 25\tDefinition of the region at concave corners in which the crack width is computed as if it were non-stabilized.",
"imageId": "cb811a73-9dfe-4b06-8a93-34019678e846",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5a46a740-1622-47eb-b7f3-186fee0f6fbc/Concave%20corner.png",
"height": 458,
"width": 1167
},
{
"description": "Fig. 3\tTension stiffening model: (a) tension chord element for stabilized cracking with distribution of bond shear, steel and concrete stresses, and steel strains between cracks, considering average crack spacing (λ=0.67); (b) pull-out assumption for non-stabilized cracking with distribution of bond shear and steel stresses and strains around the crack; (c) resulting tension chord behavior in terms of reinforcement stresses at the cracks and average strains for European B500B steel; (d) detail of the initial branches of the tension chord response.",
"imageId": "bcb3e177-6a83-42bd-a51a-7294e4a7d6e8",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/80e8fffe-3c98-4677-af35-7c2ce025e0bb/Tension%20stiffening%20model.PNG",
"height": 823,
"width": 1361
},
{
"description": "Fig. 4\tEffective area of concrete in tension for stabilized cracking: (a) maximum concrete area that can be activated; (b) cover and global symmetry condition; (c) resultant effective area.",
"imageId": "7a370722-a56b-438d-8cf3-21d62a938811",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2c0d58ae-1639-4b2a-a99c-a5e274a318ac/Effective%20area%20of%20concrete.png",
"height": 560,
"width": 1424
},
{
"description": null,
"imageId": "cd3ad82c-e048-4baa-abd9-c0957e0a7f4b",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/43adc17b-b9e9-4a81-ab9f-ff4c13297b34/Equation%201.2.4.2.PNG",
"height": 459,
"width": 1501
}
],
"linkedItemCodenames": [],
"linkedItems": [],
"links": [],
"name": "Content",
"type": "rich_text",
"value": "<h4>Crack width calculation</h4>\n<p>There are two ways of computing crack widths - stabilized and non-stabilized cracking. According to the geometrical reinforcement ratio in each part of the structure is decided, which type of crack calculation model will be used (TCM for stabilized cracking and POM for non-stabilized cracking model).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4a11f2de-770f-43aa-840a-4c41d9c2abf9\" data-image-id=\"4a11f2de-770f-43aa-840a-4c41d9c2abf9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/62ba3929-8689-4973-8782-fcdd0780002b/Crack%20width%20calculation.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"4a11f2de-770f-43aa-840a-4c41d9c2abf9\" data-image-id=\"4a11f2de-770f-43aa-840a-4c41d9c2abf9\" alt=\"Fig. 24\tCrack width calculation: (a) considered crack kinematics; (b) projection of crack kinematics into the principal directions of the reinforcing bar; (c) crack width in the direction of the reinforcing bar for stabilized cracking; (d) cases with local non-stabilized cracking regardless of the reinforcement amount; (e) crack width in the direction of the reinforcing bar for non-stabilized cracking.\"></figure>\n<p><em>\\( \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{Fig. 20 \\qquad Crack width calculation: (a) considered crack kinematics; (b) projection of crack kinematics into the principal}}}\\) \\( \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{directions of the reinforcing bar; (c) crack width in the direction of the reinforcing bar for stabilized cracking; (d) cases with}}}\\) \\( \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{local non-stabilized cracking regardless of the reinforcement amount; (e) crack width in the direction of the reinforcing bar}}}\\)\\( \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{for non-stabilized cracking.}}}\\)</em></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>While the CSFM yields a direct result for most verifications (e.g., member capacity, deflections…), crack width results are calculated from the reinforcement strain results directly provided by FE analysis following the methodology described in Fig. 20. A crack kinematic without slip (pure crack opening) is considered (Fig. 20a), which is consistent with the main assumptions of the model. The principal directions of stresses and strains define the inclination of the cracks (θ<em><sub>r</sub></em> = θ<sub>s</sub>= θ<sub>e</sub>). According to (Fig. 20b), the crack width (<em>w</em>) can be projected in the direction of the reinforcing bar (<em>w</em><em><sub>b</sub></em>), leading to:</p>\n<p>\\[w = \\frac{w_b}{\\cos\\left(θ_r + θ_b - \\frac{π}{2}\\right)}\\]</p>\n<p>where θ<em><sub>b</sub></em> is the bar inclination.</p>\n<p>Please note, that the program displays values of θ<em><sub>r</sub></em> and θ<em><sub>b</sub></em> < <em>π/2</em>. It means that the previous equation works for cases, where the reinforcement and crack go through the different quadrants of the Cartesian coordinate system as shown in Fig. 20, where reinforcement goes through I. and III. quadrants and crack through II and IV. For cases where the reinforcement and crack go through the same quadrants, the equation has to be modified as follows:</p>\n<p>\\[w = \\frac{w_b}{\\cos\\left(-θ_r + θ_b + \\frac{π}{2}\\right)}\\]</p>\n<p>The component <em>w</em><em><sub>b</sub></em> is consistently calculated based on the tension stiffening models by integrating the reinforcement strains. For those regions with fully developed crack patterns, the calculated average strains (e<em><sub>m</sub></em>) along the reinforcing bars are directly integrated along the crack spacing (<em>s</em><em><sub>r</sub></em>), as indicated in (Fig. 20c). While this approach to calculating the crack directions does not correspond to the real position of the cracks, it still provides representative values that lead to crack width results that can be compared to code-required crack width values at the position of the reinforcing bar.</p>\n<p>Special situations are observed at concave corners of the calculated structure. In this case, the corner predefines the position of a single crack that behaves in a non-stabilized fashion before additional adjacent cracks develop. These additional cracks generally develop after the serviceability range (Mata-Falcón 2015), which justifies calculating the crack widths in such a region as if they were non-stabilized (Fig. 21).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cb811a73-9dfe-4b06-8a93-34019678e846\" data-image-id=\"cb811a73-9dfe-4b06-8a93-34019678e846\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5a46a740-1622-47eb-b7f3-186fee0f6fbc/Concave%20corner.png\" data-asset-id=\"cb811a73-9dfe-4b06-8a93-34019678e846\" data-image-id=\"cb811a73-9dfe-4b06-8a93-34019678e846\" alt=\"Fig. 25\tDefinition of the region at concave corners in which the crack width is computed as if it were non-stabilized.\"></figure>\n<p><em>\\[ \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{Fig. 21\\qquad Definition of the region at concave corners in which the crack width is computed as if it were non-stabilized.}}}\\]</em></p>\n<h4>Tension stiffening</h4>\n<p>The implementation of tension stiffening distinguishes between cases of stabilized and non-stabilized crack patterns. In both cases, the concrete is considered fully cracked before loading by default.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bcb3e177-6a83-42bd-a51a-7294e4a7d6e8\" data-image-id=\"bcb3e177-6a83-42bd-a51a-7294e4a7d6e8\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/80e8fffe-3c98-4677-af35-7c2ce025e0bb/Tension%20stiffening%20model.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"bcb3e177-6a83-42bd-a51a-7294e4a7d6e8\" data-image-id=\"bcb3e177-6a83-42bd-a51a-7294e4a7d6e8\" alt=\"Fig. 3\tTension stiffening model: (a) tension chord element for stabilized cracking with distribution of bond shear, steel and concrete stresses, and steel strains between cracks, considering average crack spacing (λ=0.67); (b) pull-out assumption for non-stabilized cracking with distribution of bond shear and steel stresses and strains around the crack; (c) resulting tension chord behavior in terms of reinforcement stresses at the cracks and average strains for European B500B steel; (d) detail of the initial branches of the tension chord response.\"></figure>\n<p><em>\\( \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{Fig. 22\\qquad Tension stiffening model: (a) tension chord element for stabilized cracking with distribution of bond shear,}}}\\) </em>\\( \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{steel and concrete stresses, and steel strains between cracks, considering average crack spacing); (b) pull-out assumption}}}\\) \\( \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{for non-stabilized cracking with distribution of bond shear and steel stresses and strains around the crack; (c) resulting}}}\\) \\( \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{tension chord behavior in terms of reinforcement stresses at the cracks and average strains for European B500B steel;}}}\\) \\( \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{(d) detail of the initial branches of the tension chord response.}}}\\)</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><strong>Stabilized cracking</strong></p>\n<p>In fully developed crack patterns, tension stiffening is introduced using the Tension Chord Model (TCM) (Marti et al. 1998; Alvarez 1998) – Fig. 22a – which has been shown to yield excellent response predictions in spite of its simplicity (Burns 2012). The TCM assumes a stepped, rigid-perfectly plastic bond shear stress-slip relationship with τ<em><sub>b </sub></em>= τ<em><sub>b</sub></em><sub>0</sub> =2 <em>f</em><em><sub>ctm</sub></em> for σ<em><sub>s</sub></em> ≤ <em>f</em><em><sub>y</sub></em> and τ<em><sub>b</sub></em> =τ<em><sub>b</sub></em><sub>1</sub> = <em>f</em><em><sub>ctm</sub></em> for σ<em><sub>s </sub></em>> <em>f</em><em><sub>y</sub></em>. Treating every reinforcing bar as a tension chord – Fig. 22b and Fig. 22a – the distribution of bond shear, steel, and concrete stresses and hence the strain distribution between two cracks can be determined for any given value of the maximum steel stresses (or strains) at the cracks.</p>\n<p>For <em>s</em><em><sub>r</sub></em> = <em>s</em><em><sub>r</sub></em><sub>0</sub>, a new crack may or may not form because at the center between two cracks σ<em><sub>c</sub></em><sub>1</sub> = <em>f</em><em><sub>ct</sub></em>. Consequently, the crack spacing may vary by a factor of two, i.e., <em>s</em><em><sub>r</sub></em> = λ<em>s</em><em><sub>r</sub></em><sub>0</sub>, with l = 0.5…1.0. Assuming a certain value for λ, the average strain of the chord (ε<em><sub>m</sub></em>) can be expressed as a function of the maximum reinforcement stresses (i.e., stresses at the cracks, σ<em><sub>sr</sub></em>). For the idealized bilinear stress-strain diagram for the reinforcing bare bars considered by default in the CSFM, the following closed-form analytical expressions are obtained (Marti et al. 1998):</p>\n<p>\\[\\varepsilon_m = \\frac{\\sigma_{sr}}{E_s} - \\frac{\\tau_{b0}s_r}{E_s Ø}\\]</p>\n<p>\\[\\textrm{for}\\qquad\\qquad\\sigma_{sr} \\le f_y\\]</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>\\[{\\varepsilon_m} = \\frac{{{{\\left( {{\\sigma_{sr}} - {f_y}} \\right)}^2}Ø}}{{4{E_{sh}}{\\tau _{b1}}{s_r}}}\\left( {1 - \\frac{{{E_{sh}}{\\tau_{b0}}}}{{{E_s}{\\tau_{b1}}}}} \\right) + \\frac{{\\left( {{\\sigma_{sr}} - {f_y}} \\right)}}{{{E_s}}}\\frac{{{\\tau_{b0}}}}{{{\\tau_{b1}}}} + \\left( {{\\varepsilon_y} - \\frac{{{\\tau_{b0}}{s_r}}}{{{E_s}Ø}}} \\right)\\]</p>\n<p><em>\\[\\textrm{for}\\qquad\\qquad{f_y} \\le {\\sigma _{sr}} \\le \\left( {{f_y} + \\frac{{2{\\tau _{b1}}{s_r}}}{Ø}} \\right)\\]</em></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>\\[ \\varepsilon_m = \\frac{f_s}{E_s} + \\frac{\\sigma_{sr}-f_y}{E_{sh}} - \\frac{\\tau_{b1} s_r}{E_{sh} Ø}\\]</p>\n<p>\\[\\textrm{for}\\qquad\\qquad\\left(f_y + \\frac{2\\tau_{b1}s_r}{Ø}\\right) \\le \\sigma_{sr} \\le f_t\\]</p>\n<p>where:<br>\n <em>E</em><em><sub>sh</sub></em> the steel hardening modulus <em>E</em><em><sub>sh</sub></em> = (<em>f</em><em><sub>t</sub></em> – <em>f</em><em><sub>y</sub></em>)/(ε<em><sub>u</sub></em> – <em>f</em><em><sub>y</sub></em> /<em>E</em><em><sub>s</sub></em>) ,</p>\n<p><em>E</em><em><sub>s</sub></em> modulus of elasticity of reinforcement,</p>\n<p><em>Ø</em> reinforcing bar diameter,</p>\n<p>s<em><sub>r</sub></em><em><sup> </sup></em>crack spacing,</p>\n<p>σ<em><sub>sr</sub></em><em> </em>reinforcement stresses at the cracks,</p>\n<p>σ<em><sub>s</sub></em><em> </em>actual reinforcement stresses,</p>\n<p><em>f</em><em><sub>y </sub></em>yield strength of reinforcement.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>The Idea StatiCa Detail implementation of the CSFM considers average crack spacing by default when performing computer-aided stress field analysis. The average crack spacing is considered to be 2/3 of the maximum crack spacing (λ = 0.67), which follows recommendations made on the basis of bending and tension tests (Broms 1965; Beeby 1979; Meier 1983). It should be noted that calculations of crack widths consider a maximum crack spacing (λ = 1.0) in order to obtain conservative values.</p>\n<p>The application of the TCM depends on the reinforcement ratio, and hence the assignment of an appropriate concrete area acting in tension between the cracks to each reinforcing bar is crucial. An automatic numerical procedure has been developed to define the corresponding effective reinforcement ratio (ρ<em><sub>eff</sub></em><em> = A</em><em><sub>s</sub></em><em>/A</em><em><sub>c,eff</sub></em>) for any configuration, including skewed reinforcement (Fig. 23).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7a370722-a56b-438d-8cf3-21d62a938811\" data-image-id=\"7a370722-a56b-438d-8cf3-21d62a938811\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2c0d58ae-1639-4b2a-a99c-a5e274a318ac/Effective%20area%20of%20concrete.png\" data-asset-id=\"7a370722-a56b-438d-8cf3-21d62a938811\" data-image-id=\"7a370722-a56b-438d-8cf3-21d62a938811\" alt=\"Fig. 4\tEffective area of concrete in tension for stabilized cracking: (a) maximum concrete area that can be activated; (b) cover and global symmetry condition; (c) resultant effective area.\"></figure>\n<p><em>\\( \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{Fig. 23\\qquad Effective area of concrete in tension for stabilized cracking: (a) maximum concrete area that can be activated;}}}\\) \\( \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{(b) cover and global symmetry condition; (c) resultant effective area.}}}\\)</em></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><strong>Non-stabilized cracking</strong></p>\n<p>Cracks existing in regions with geometric reinforcement ratios lower than ρ<em><sub>cr</sub></em>, i.e., the minimum reinforcement amount for which the reinforcement is able to carry the cracking load without yielding, are generated by either non-mechanical actions (e.g. shrinkage) or the progression of cracks controlled by other reinforcement. The value of this minimum reinforcement is obtained as follows:</p>\n<p>\\[{\\rho _{cr}} = \\frac{{{f_{ct}}}}{{{f_y} - \\left( {n - 1} \\right){f_{ct}}}}\\]</p>\n<p>where:</p>\n<p><em>f</em><em><sub>y</sub></em> reinforcement yield strength,</p>\n<p><em>f</em><em><sub>ct</sub></em> concrete tensile strength,</p>\n<p><em>n</em> modular ratio, <em>n</em> = <em>E</em><em><sub>s</sub></em> / <em>E</em><em><sub>c</sub></em> .</p>\n<p>For conventional concrete and reinforcing steel, ρ<em><sub>cr</sub></em> amounts to approximately 0.6%.</p>\n<p>For stirrups with reinforcement ratios below ρ<em><sub>cr</sub></em>, cracking is considered to be non-stabilized and tension stiffening is implemented by means of the Pull-Out Model (POM) described in Fig. 22b. This model analyzes the behavior of a single crack considering no mechanical interaction between separate cracks, neglecting the deformability of concrete in tension and assuming the same stepped, rigid-perfectly plastic bond shear stress-slip relationship used by the TCM. This allows the reinforcement strain distribution (ε<em><sub>s</sub></em>) in the vicinity of the crack to be obtained for any maximum steel stress at the crack (σ<em><sub>sr</sub></em>) directly from equilibrium. Given the fact that the crack spacing is unknown for a non-fully developed crack pattern, the average strain (ε<em><sub>m</sub></em>) is computed for any load level over the distance between points with zero slip when the reinforcing bar reaches its tensile strength (<em>f</em><em><sub>t</sub></em>) at the crack (<em>l</em><sub>ε,</sub><em><sub>avg</sub></em> in Fig. 22b), leading to the following relationships:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cd3ad82c-e048-4baa-abd9-c0957e0a7f4b\" data-image-id=\"cd3ad82c-e048-4baa-abd9-c0957e0a7f4b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/43adc17b-b9e9-4a81-ab9f-ff4c13297b34/Equation%201.2.4.2.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"cd3ad82c-e048-4baa-abd9-c0957e0a7f4b\" data-image-id=\"cd3ad82c-e048-4baa-abd9-c0957e0a7f4b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The proposed models allow the computation of the behavior of bonded reinforcement, which is finally considered in the analysis. This behavior (including tension stiffening) for the most common European reinforcing steel (B500B, with <em>f</em><em><sub>t</sub></em> / <em>f</em><em><sub>y</sub></em> = 1.08 and ε<em><sub>u</sub></em> = 5%) is illustrated in Fig. 22c-d.</p>"
},
"regions": {
"name": "Region",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "AMER",
"codename": "amer"
},
{
"name": "EMEA",
"codename": "emea"
},
{
"name": "APAC",
"codename": "apac"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "region"
},
"product_groups": {
"name": "Product group",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "Concrete",
"codename": "concrete"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "product_group"
},
"support_center_article_types": {
"name": "Support center article",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "Knowledge base",
"codename": "knowledgebase_article"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "support_center_article"
},
"expertise_levels": {
"name": "Expertise level",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [],
"taxonomyGroup": "expertise_level"
},
"labels": {
"name": "Labels",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "Detail 2D",
"codename": "detail"
},
{
"name": "ACI (USA)",
"codename": "aci__usa_"
},
{
"name": "EN (Eurocode)",
"codename": "eurocode"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "labels"
},
"linked_items": {
"name": "Linked items",
"type": "modular_content",
"value": [
"theoretical_background_detail___general___finite_e",
"theoretical_background_detail___finite_element_typ",
"general_description_of_sls_results_in_detail_appli"
],
"linkedItems": [
{
"elements": {
"title": {
"name": "Main headline (H1)",
"type": "text",
"value": "Introdução à implementação de elementos finitos"
},
"preview_image": {
"name": "Preview image",
"type": "asset",
"value": [
{
"name": "Finite element implementation in IDEA StatiCa Detail.png",
"description": null,
"type": "image/png",
"size": 481046,
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/0388381a-906d-48f1-a5b2-ce00188fded9/Finite%20element%20implementation%20in%20IDEA%20StatiCa%20Detail.png",
"width": 1200,
"height": 630,
"renditions": {}
}
]
},
"post_date": {
"name": "Post date",
"type": "date_time",
"value": null,
"displayTimeZone": null
},
"perex_content": {
"name": "Lead paragraph",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"content": {
"images": [
{
"description": null,
"imageId": "9e86fe68-36a5-433d-9451-40d2b5078b86",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3f70008c-0c34-4dbe-8219-4d8aa7079bb5/Visualization%20of%20the%20calculation%20model.png",
"height": 562,
"width": 847
}
],
"linkedItemCodenames": [],
"linkedItems": [],
"links": [
{
"codename": "untitled_content_item_a11adc2",
"linkId": "a11adc2d-9c84-4667-8061-600660e1ad87",
"urlSlug": "concrete-walls-challenge-or-routine",
"type": "blog_post"
}
],
"name": "Content",
"type": "rich_text",
"value": "<p>O CSFM considera campos de tensão contínuos no betão (elementos finitos 2D), complementados por elementos discretos de \"barras\" que representam a armadura (elementos finitos 1D). Assim, a armadura não é difusamente incorporada nos elementos finitos 2D do betão, mas explicitamente modelada e ligada a eles. No modelo de cálculo é considerado um estado de tensão plano.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9e86fe68-36a5-433d-9451-40d2b5078b86\" data-image-id=\"9e86fe68-36a5-433d-9451-40d2b5078b86\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3f70008c-0c34-4dbe-8219-4d8aa7079bb5/Visualization%20of%20the%20calculation%20model.png\" data-asset-id=\"9e86fe68-36a5-433d-9451-40d2b5078b86\" data-image-id=\"9e86fe68-36a5-433d-9451-40d2b5078b86\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>\\[ \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{Fig. 6\\qquad Visualização do modelo de cálculo de um elemento estrutural (viga aparada) no Idea StatiCa Detail.}}}\\]</em></p>\n<p>Podem ser modeladas <a data-item-id=\"a11adc2d-9c84-4667-8061-600660e1ad87\" href=\"\">paredes</a> e vigas inteiras, bem como pormenores (partes) de vigas (região de descontinuidade isolada, também designada por extremidade aparada). No caso de paredes e vigas inteiras, os apoios devem ser definidos de forma a resultar numa estrutura (externamente) isostática (estaticamente determinada) ou hiperestática (estaticamente indeterminada). A transferência de carga nas extremidades cortadas das vigas é introduzida através de uma zona de transferência especial de Saint-Venant, que assegura uma distribuição de tensões realista na região de pormenor analisada.</p>"
},
"regions": {
"name": "Region",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "AMER",
"codename": "amer"
},
{
"name": "EMEA",
"codename": "emea"
},
{
"name": "APAC",
"codename": "apac"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "region"
},
"product_groups": {
"name": "Product group",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "Concrete",
"codename": "concrete"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "product_group"
},
"support_center_article_types": {
"name": "Support center article",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "Knowledge base",
"codename": "knowledgebase_article"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "support_center_article"
},
"expertise_levels": {
"name": "Expertise level",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [],
"taxonomyGroup": "expertise_level"
},
"labels": {
"name": "Labels",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "Detail 2D",
"codename": "detail"
},
{
"name": "ACI (USA)",
"codename": "aci__usa_"
},
{
"name": "EN (Eurocode)",
"codename": "eurocode"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "labels"
},
"linked_items": {
"name": "Linked items",
"type": "modular_content",
"value": [],
"linkedItems": []
},
"attachments__files": {
"name": "Attachments",
"type": "asset",
"value": []
},
"content_priority__value": {
"name": "Content priority value",
"type": "number",
"value": 7100
},
"options": {
"name": "Options",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"url_slug": {
"name": "Url slug",
"type": "url_slug",
"value": "finite-element-implementation"
},
"unique_url_slug": {
"name": "Unique URL slug",
"type": "custom",
"value": "[\"finite-element-implementation\",\"[autogenerated]\"]"
},
"content_settings__sitemap": {
"name": "Show in sitemap",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"content_settings__robots": {
"name": "Search engine indexing",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"content_settings__is_hidden": {
"name": "Hidden nested content",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": [
{
"name": "yes",
"codename": "yes"
}
]
},
"metadata__page_title": {
"name": "Page title",
"type": "text",
"value": "Implementação de elementos finitos no IDEA StatiCa Detail"
},
"metadata__page_description": {
"name": "Page description",
"type": "text",
"value": "Descrição pormenorizada da implementação do elemento finito no IDEA StatiCa Detail. IDEA StatiCa Detail - um software de conceção de betão."
},
"metadata__page_keywords": {
"name": "Page keywords",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__canonical_url": {
"name": "Canonical URL",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__og_title": {
"name": "OG:title",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__og_description": {
"name": "OG:description",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__og_image": {
"name": "OG:image",
"type": "asset",
"value": []
},
"translation__translation_connector": {
"name": "Translation Connector",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [],
"taxonomyGroup": "languages"
},
"translation__force_translation": {
"name": "Force translation",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"translation__last_translation": {
"images": [],
"linkedItemCodenames": [],
"linkedItems": [],
"links": [],
"name": "Last translation",
"type": "rich_text",
"value": "<p><br></p>"
},
"translation__ai_translated": {
"name": "AI translated",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"page_tree_settings__page_label": {
"name": "Page label",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"page_tree_settings__path_segment": {
"name": "Path segment",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"page_tree_settings__breadcrumb_style": {
"name": "Breadcrumb style",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"page_tree_settings__hide_in_breadcrumbs": {
"name": "Hide in breadcrumbs",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
}
},
"system": {
"codename": "theoretical_background_detail___general___finite_e",
"collection": "default",
"id": "1638f9e0-9e47-421b-9191-15d040e77c8a",
"language": "pt-PT",
"lastModified": "2025-08-08T13:49:07.2168282Z",
"name": "Theoretical background Detail - General - Finite element implementation",
"sitemapLocations": [],
"type": "support_center_article",
"workflowStep": "published",
"workflow": "default"
}
},
{
"elements": {
"title": {
"name": "Main headline (H1)",
"type": "text",
"value": "Tipos de elementos finitos"
},
"preview_image": {
"name": "Preview image",
"type": "asset",
"value": [
{
"name": "finite elements.png",
"description": null,
"type": "image/png",
"size": 219517,
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/48fa7d1e-4cae-4946-924d-ec19029fa362/finite%20elements.png",
"width": 1230,
"height": 630,
"renditions": {}
}
]
},
"post_date": {
"name": "Post date",
"type": "date_time",
"value": null,
"displayTimeZone": null
},
"perex_content": {
"name": "Lead paragraph",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"content": {
"images": [
{
"description": null,
"imageId": "03fd72f4-b362-492a-8885-349785eaa70a",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/511cc4d5-618a-4542-ac53-52a29549070f/Finite%20element%20model.png",
"height": 449,
"width": 1177
},
{
"description": null,
"imageId": "a031a0ff-a5a7-4a37-b59f-cb1c408f080b",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1cc20fd2-92d7-42dc-ac17-24f318cbd45c/Bond.PNG",
"height": 707,
"width": 1773
},
{
"description": null,
"imageId": "6e05f6d3-2d4c-4c6c-90f0-89e34117415c",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/748b5346-4251-4154-b923-919c94d0c6d0/Model%20for%20the%20reduction%20of%20the%20anchorage%20length.PNG",
"height": 702,
"width": 1792
}
],
"linkedItemCodenames": [],
"linkedItems": [],
"links": [],
"name": "Content",
"type": "rich_text",
"value": "<p>O modelo de análise de elementos finitos não linear (inelástico) é criado por vários tipos de elementos finitos utilizados para modelar o betão, a armadura e a ligação entre eles. Os elementos de betão e de armadura são inicialmente engrenados de forma independente e depois ligados entre si através de restrições multiponto (elementos MPC). Isto permite que a armadura ocupe uma posição arbitrária e relativa em relação ao betão. Se for necessário calcular a verificação do comprimento da ancoragem, são inseridos elementos de ligação e de mola final de ancoragem entre a armadura e os elementos MPC.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"03fd72f4-b362-492a-8885-349785eaa70a\" data-image-id=\"03fd72f4-b362-492a-8885-349785eaa70a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/511cc4d5-618a-4542-ac53-52a29549070f/Finite%20element%20model.png\" data-asset-id=\"03fd72f4-b362-492a-8885-349785eaa70a\" data-image-id=\"03fd72f4-b362-492a-8885-349785eaa70a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>\\[ \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{Fig. 13\\qquad Modelo de elementos finitos: elementos de reforço mapeados para a malha de betão utilizando elementos MPC e elementos de ligação.}}}\\]</em></p>\n<h3>Betão</h3>\n<p>O betão é modelado utilizando elementos de casca quadrilaterais e trilaterais, CQUAD4 e CTRIA3. Estes podem ser definidos por quatro ou três nós, respetivamente. Assume-se que apenas existem tensões planas nestes elementos, ou seja, não são consideradas tensões ou deformações na direção z.</p>\n<p>Cada elemento tem quatro ou três pontos de integração que são colocados a aproximadamente 1/4 do seu tamanho. Em cada ponto de integração de cada elemento, são calculadas as direcções das deformações principais <sub>α1</sub>, <sub>α2</sub>. Em ambas as direcções, as tensões principais <sub>σc1</sub>, <sub>σc2</sub> e as rigidezes <sub>E1</sub>, <sub>E2</sub> são avaliadas de acordo com o diagrama tensão-deformação do betão especificado, conforme a Fig. 2. Deve notar-se que o impacto do efeito de suavização da compressão associa o comportamento da direção principal de compressão ao estado atual da outra direção principal.</p>\n<h3>Reforço</h3>\n<p>As armaduras são modeladas por elementos de barra 1D de dois nós (CROD), que apenas têm rigidez axial. Estes elementos são ligados a elementos especiais de \"ligação\" que foram desenvolvidos para modelar o comportamento de deslizamento entre um varão de reforço e o betão circundante. Estes elementos de ligação são posteriormente ligados por elementos MPC (multi-point constraint) à malha que representa o betão. Esta abordagem permite a criação de malhas independentes para a armadura e para o betão, enquanto a sua interligação é assegurada posteriormente.</p>\n<h3>Elementos de ligação</h3>\n<p>O comprimento de ancoragem é verificado através da implementação das tensões de corte de ligação entre os elementos de betão (2D) e os elementos de barras de reforço (1D) no modelo de elementos finitos. Para este efeito, foi desenvolvido um elemento finito do tipo \"ligação\".</p>\n<p>A definição do elemento de ligação é semelhante à de um elemento de casca (CQUAD4). Também é definido por 4 nós, mas, ao contrário de uma casca, apenas tem uma rigidez ao corte diferente de zero entre os dois nós superiores e os dois inferiores. No modelo, os nós superiores estão ligados aos elementos que representam as armaduras e os nós inferiores aos que representam o betão. O comportamento deste elemento é descrito pela tensão de ligação, <em><sub>τb</sub></em>, como uma função bilinear do deslizamento entre os nós superiores e inferiores, <em><sub>δu</sub></em>, ver Fig. 14.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a031a0ff-a5a7-4a37-b59f-cb1c408f080b\" data-image-id=\"a031a0ff-a5a7-4a37-b59f-cb1c408f080b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1cc20fd2-92d7-42dc-ac17-24f318cbd45c/Bond.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"a031a0ff-a5a7-4a37-b59f-cb1c408f080b\" data-image-id=\"a031a0ff-a5a7-4a37-b59f-cb1c408f080b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>\\[ \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{Fig. 14\\qquad (a) ilustração concetual da deformação de um elemento de ligação; (b) uma função tensão-deformação.}}}\\]</em></p>\n<p>O módulo de rigidez elástica da relação ligação-deslizamento, <em><sub>Gb</sub></em>, é definido da seguinte forma:</p>\n<p>\\[G_b = k_g \\cdot \\frac{E_c}{Ø}\\]</p>\n<p>onde:</p>\n<p>coeficiente<em><sub>kg</sub></em> dependente da superfície do varão de reforço (por defeito<em><sub>kg</sub></em><sub> </sub>= 0,2)</p>\n<p><em><sub>Ec</sub></em> módulo de elasticidade do betão (tomado como <em><sub>Ecm</sub></em> no caso da EN)</p>\n<p>Ø o diâmetro do varão de reforço</p>\n<p>Os valores de cálculo (valores ponderados) da tensão última de corte da ligação, <em><sub>fbd</sub></em>, fornecidos nos respectivos códigos de cálculo selecionados EN 1992-1-1 ou ACI 318-19 são utilizados para verificar o comprimento da ancoragem. O endurecimento do ramo plástico é calculado por defeito como <sup>Gb/105</sup>.</p>\n<h3>Mola de ancoragem</h3>\n<p>O fornecimento de extremidades de ancoragem aos varões de reforço (i.e., curvas, ganchos, laços...), que cumprem as prescrições dos códigos de dimensionamento, permite a redução do comprimento de ancoragem básico dos varões<em>(lb</em><em><sub>,net</sub></em>) por um determinado fator β (referido como o \"coeficiente de ancoragem\" abaixo). O valor de projeto do comprimento de ancoragem<em>(</em><em><sub>lb</sub></em>) é então calculado da seguinte forma:</p>\n<p>\\[l_b = \\left(1 - \\beta\\right)l_{b,net}\\]</p>\n<p>A redução pretendida em <em>lb</em><em><sub>,net</sub></em> é equivalente à ativação do varão de armadura na sua extremidade a uma percentagem da sua capacidade máxima dada pelo coeficiente de redução da ancoragem, como se mostra na Fig. 15a.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6e05f6d3-2d4c-4c6c-90f0-89e34117415c\" data-image-id=\"6e05f6d3-2d4c-4c6c-90f0-89e34117415c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/748b5346-4251-4154-b923-919c94d0c6d0/Model%20for%20the%20reduction%20of%20the%20anchorage%20length.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"6e05f6d3-2d4c-4c6c-90f0-89e34117415c\" data-image-id=\"6e05f6d3-2d4c-4c6c-90f0-89e34117415c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>\\[ \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{Fig. 15\\qquad Modelo para a redução do comprimento da ancoragem:}}}\\]</em></p>\n<p><em>\\[ \\textsf{\\textit{\\footnotesize{(a) força de ancoragem ao longo do comprimento de ancoragem do varão de reforço; (b) relação constitutiva da força de ancoragem-deslizamento.}}}\\]</em></p>\n<p>A redução do comprimento de ancoragem é incluída no modelo de elementos finitos através de um elemento de mola na extremidade do varão (Fig. 15), que é definido pelo modelo constitutivo apresentado na Fig. 15b. A força máxima transmitida por esta mola<em>(</em><em><sub>Fau</sub></em>) é:</p>\n<p>\\[F_{au} = \\beta \\cdot A_s \\cdot f_{yd}\\]</p>\n<p>onde :</p>\n<p><em>β</em> o coeficiente de ancoragem baseado no tipo de ancoragem,</p>\n<p><em><sub>a</sub></em> secção transversal do varão de reforço,</p>\n<p><em><sub>fyd</sub></em><em> </em>o valor de projeto (valor calculado) da tensão de cedência da armadura.</p>"
},
"regions": {
"name": "Region",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "AMER",
"codename": "amer"
},
{
"name": "EMEA",
"codename": "emea"
},
{
"name": "APAC",
"codename": "apac"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "region"
},
"product_groups": {
"name": "Product group",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "Concrete",
"codename": "concrete"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "product_group"
},
"support_center_article_types": {
"name": "Support center article",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "Knowledge base",
"codename": "knowledgebase_article"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "support_center_article"
},
"expertise_levels": {
"name": "Expertise level",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [],
"taxonomyGroup": "expertise_level"
},
"labels": {
"name": "Labels",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "Detail 2D",
"codename": "detail"
},
{
"name": "ACI (USA)",
"codename": "aci__usa_"
},
{
"name": "EN (Eurocode)",
"codename": "eurocode"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "labels"
},
"linked_items": {
"name": "Linked items",
"type": "modular_content",
"value": [],
"linkedItems": []
},
"attachments__files": {
"name": "Attachments",
"type": "asset",
"value": []
},
"content_priority__value": {
"name": "Content priority value",
"type": "number",
"value": 7100
},
"options": {
"name": "Options",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"url_slug": {
"name": "Url slug",
"type": "url_slug",
"value": "tipos-de-elementos-finitos"
},
"unique_url_slug": {
"name": "Unique URL slug",
"type": "custom",
"value": "[\"finite-element-types\",\"[autogenerated]\"]"
},
"content_settings__sitemap": {
"name": "Show in sitemap",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"content_settings__robots": {
"name": "Search engine indexing",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"content_settings__is_hidden": {
"name": "Hidden nested content",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"metadata__page_title": {
"name": "Page title",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__page_description": {
"name": "Page description",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__page_keywords": {
"name": "Page keywords",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__canonical_url": {
"name": "Canonical URL",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__og_title": {
"name": "OG:title",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__og_description": {
"name": "OG:description",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__og_image": {
"name": "OG:image",
"type": "asset",
"value": []
},
"translation__translation_connector": {
"name": "Translation Connector",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [],
"taxonomyGroup": "languages"
},
"translation__force_translation": {
"name": "Force translation",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"translation__last_translation": {
"images": [],
"linkedItemCodenames": [],
"linkedItems": [],
"links": [],
"name": "Last translation",
"type": "rich_text",
"value": "<p><br></p>"
},
"translation__ai_translated": {
"name": "AI translated",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"page_tree_settings__page_label": {
"name": "Page label",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"page_tree_settings__path_segment": {
"name": "Path segment",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"page_tree_settings__breadcrumb_style": {
"name": "Breadcrumb style",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"page_tree_settings__hide_in_breadcrumbs": {
"name": "Hide in breadcrumbs",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
}
},
"system": {
"codename": "theoretical_background_detail___finite_element_typ",
"collection": "default",
"id": "85424e98-41cd-4bdd-a978-e4b540a10be5",
"language": "pt-PT",
"lastModified": "2025-08-08T13:49:28.0583141Z",
"name": "Theoretical background Detail - Finite element types",
"sitemapLocations": [],
"type": "support_center_article",
"workflowStep": "published",
"workflow": "default"
}
},
{
"elements": {
"title": {
"name": "Main headline (H1)",
"type": "text",
"value": "Descrição geral dos resultados da SLS na aplicação pormenorizada"
},
"preview_image": {
"name": "Preview image",
"type": "asset",
"value": [
{
"name": "RC-D_06_KBA_03.png",
"description": null,
"type": "image/png",
"size": 57997,
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bbfac665-de34-4cdb-b405-f1c271294c46/RC-D_06_KBA_03.png",
"width": 1200,
"height": 630,
"renditions": {}
}
]
},
"post_date": {
"name": "Post date",
"type": "date_time",
"value": null,
"displayTimeZone": "Europe/Prague"
},
"perex_content": {
"name": "Lead paragraph",
"type": "text",
"value": "Este artigo dedica-se a apresentar os resultados na aplicação de pormenor, centrando-se no estado limite de utilização."
},
"content": {
"images": [
{
"description": null,
"imageId": "9a616d2b-74cb-45c4-b2c1-c2c4e126973d",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d12601c9-32a1-408f-9b41-e031d5b6fc45/RC-D_06_20.png",
"height": 1160,
"width": 1920
},
{
"description": null,
"imageId": "1ae8c1e4-5d61-421b-8f05-b54df99ec4c6",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/45cd98c6-57b5-4373-a001-6e5c3ed8f5b8/RC-D_06_21.png.png",
"height": 1160,
"width": 1920
},
{
"description": null,
"imageId": "9d57f668-7250-467a-b305-817be6809f9c",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/6f65c964-8c56-4aac-a14c-4307bfde6a8d/RC-D_06_22.png",
"height": 1160,
"width": 1920
},
{
"description": null,
"imageId": "02dda510-4b1e-4b1e-bb64-81077f8e3a1d",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/16c8bb7b-6bc7-4b9a-b27f-cf1075f7715a/RC-D_06_23.png",
"height": 1160,
"width": 1920
},
{
"description": null,
"imageId": "0b4f0d29-6d96-4cc6-a8fe-ea633f20f628",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9fa5bdd1-ec85-4575-9e0f-6d26ce70c206/RC-D_06_24.png",
"height": 1160,
"width": 1920
},
{
"description": null,
"imageId": "46fb1a3f-e513-4d03-9c50-04a9f4ca4c16",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/97bc905a-76c9-4b12-abe1-3a93c71cdf2b/RC-D_06_25.png",
"height": 1160,
"width": 1920
},
{
"description": null,
"imageId": "62e5dda7-3887-421b-a4ec-b4afe26fcbda",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bcb4dbbc-29b3-48bb-a1f1-72cdb456b0b6/RC-D_06_26.png",
"height": 1160,
"width": 1920
},
{
"description": null,
"imageId": "60363106-9502-4217-9931-e493c71e7e5b",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4f60ea99-7197-4ee8-865e-2e282fdf60ef/RC-D_06_27.png",
"height": 1160,
"width": 1920
},
{
"description": null,
"imageId": "e4454c67-f23e-461a-baac-97d2a3b92614",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/815bac57-2809-4383-b0cc-abfa3349b443/RC-D_06_29.png",
"height": 1160,
"width": 1920
},
{
"description": null,
"imageId": "929831b6-68db-4720-bfd3-e7c27d1cfd85",
"url": "https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9efce2e8-54f2-4fe3-8fcb-700d0bc1bd32/RC-D_06_30.png",
"height": 1160,
"width": 1920
}
],
"linkedItemCodenames": [
"n42465e0c_72f6_0191_750b_c548cfe02d50"
],
"linkedItems": [
{
"elements": {
"title": {
"name": "Title",
"type": "text",
"value": "Try IDEA StatiCa for free"
},
"event_id": {
"name": "Event ID",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"description_top": {
"name": "Description before",
"type": "text",
"value": "Start your trial today and enjoy 14-days of full access and services free of charge."
},
"link_text": {
"name": "Link text",
"type": "text",
"value": "Start free trial"
},
"link_url": {
"name": "Link URL",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"content_item_link": {
"name": "Content Item Link",
"type": "modular_content",
"value": [
"landing_page_role_navigation"
],
"linkedItems": [
{
"elements": {
"title": {
"name": "Main headline (H1)",
"type": "text",
"value": "Comece a trabalhar GRATUITAMENTE"
},
"subtitle": {
"name": "Subtitle",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"breadcrumbs_page_title": {
"name": "Breadcrumbs page title",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"breadcrumbs_parent": {
"name": "Breadcrumbs parent",
"type": "modular_content",
"value": [],
"linkedItems": []
},
"content": {
"images": [],
"linkedItemCodenames": [],
"linkedItems": [],
"links": [],
"name": "Content",
"type": "rich_text",
"value": "<p>Selecione a sua função abaixo e enviar-lhe-emos a licença IDEA StatiCa gratuita adequada às suas necessidades.</p>"
},
"shared_content": {
"images": [],
"linkedItemCodenames": [],
"linkedItems": [],
"links": [
{
"codename": "portal_dashboard_landing_page",
"linkId": "2f0412c5-5b52-423c-a352-8af4da02be92",
"urlSlug": "dashboard",
"type": "portal_landing_page"
}
],
"name": "Shared content",
"type": "rich_text",
"value": "<h3>Já tem uma conta? <a data-item-id=\"2f0412c5-5b52-423c-a352-8af4da02be92\" href=\"\">Iniciar sessão</a></h3>"
},
"design": {
"name": "Design",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"header_link": {
"name": "Header link",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"header_content_item_link": {
"name": "Header Content Item Link",
"type": "modular_content",
"value": [],
"linkedItems": []
},
"header_cross_links": {
"name": "Header cross links",
"type": "modular_content",
"value": [],
"linkedItems": []
},
"header_content": {
"images": [],
"linkedItemCodenames": [],
"linkedItems": [],
"links": [],
"name": "Header content",
"type": "rich_text",
"value": "<p><br></p>"
},
"header_title": {
"name": "Header title",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"header_alignment": {
"name": "Header alignment",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"header_button_text": {
"name": "Header button text",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"is_breadcrumbs_hidden": {
"name": "Hide breadcrumbs",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"header_background_image": {
"name": "Background image",
"type": "asset",
"value": []
},
"header_background_image_effects": {
"name": "Background image effect",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"is_header_full_height": {
"name": "Small height header",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"header_background_video": {
"name": "Background video",
"type": "asset",
"value": []
},
"url_slug": {
"name": "URL slug",
"type": "url_slug",
"value": "role-navigation"
},
"unique_url_slug": {
"name": "Unique URL slug",
"type": "custom",
"value": "[\"role-navigation\",\"[autogenerated]\"]"
},
"content_settings__sitemap": {
"name": "Show in sitemap",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"content_settings__robots": {
"name": "Search engine indexing",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"content_settings__is_hidden": {
"name": "Hidden nested content",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"metadata__page_title": {
"name": "Page title",
"type": "text",
"value": "Role navigation"
},
"metadata__page_description": {
"name": "Page description",
"type": "text",
"value": "Get the free license which suits you best. For business users, we offer a 14-day free trial license, students would enjoy 1-year educational license. "
},
"metadata__page_keywords": {
"name": "Page keywords",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__canonical_url": {
"name": "Canonical URL",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__og_title": {
"name": "OG:title",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__og_description": {
"name": "OG:description",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__og_image": {
"name": "OG:image",
"type": "asset",
"value": []
},
"translation__translation_connector": {
"name": "Translation Connector",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [],
"taxonomyGroup": "languages"
},
"translation__force_translation": {
"name": "Force translation",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"translation__last_translation": {
"images": [],
"linkedItemCodenames": [],
"linkedItems": [],
"links": [],
"name": "Last translation",
"type": "rich_text",
"value": "<p><br></p>"
},
"translation__ai_translated": {
"name": "AI translated",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"page_tree_settings__page_label": {
"name": "Page label",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"page_tree_settings__path_segment": {
"name": "Path segment",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"page_tree_settings__breadcrumb_style": {
"name": "Breadcrumb style",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"page_tree_settings__hide_in_breadcrumbs": {
"name": "Hide in breadcrumbs",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
}
},
"system": {
"codename": "landing_page_role_navigation",
"collection": "default",
"id": "0c872071-6a3f-4b99-8cd4-66440db9cc0d",
"language": "pt-PT",
"lastModified": "2025-07-17T13:10:07.0927592Z",
"name": "Free trial / EDU license request – Role-navigation",
"sitemapLocations": [],
"type": "landing_page",
"workflowStep": "published",
"workflow": "default"
}
}
]
},
"description_bottom": {
"name": "Description after",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"button_styles": {
"name": "Button style",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": [
{
"name": "filled button",
"codename": "filled_button"
}
]
},
"button_position": {
"name": "Button position",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": [
{
"name": "center",
"codename": "center"
}
]
},
"visibleinregion": {
"name": "VisibleInRegion",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"regions": {
"name": "Region",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [],
"taxonomyGroup": "region"
},
"translation__translation_connector": {
"name": "Translation Connector",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [],
"taxonomyGroup": "languages"
},
"translation__force_translation": {
"name": "Force translation",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"translation__last_translation": {
"images": [],
"linkedItemCodenames": [],
"linkedItems": [],
"links": [],
"name": "Last translation",
"type": "rich_text",
"value": "<p><br></p>"
},
"translation__ai_translated": {
"name": "AI translated",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
}
},
"system": {
"codename": "n42465e0c_72f6_0191_750b_c548cfe02d50",
"collection": "default",
"id": "42465e0c-72f6-0191-750b-c548cfe02d50",
"language": "pt-PT",
"lastModified": "2025-08-08T13:49:49.6931153Z",
"name": "42465e0c-72f6-0191-750b-c548cfe02d50",
"sitemapLocations": [],
"type": "widget_cta_button",
"workflowStep": null,
"workflow": null
}
}
],
"links": [
{
"codename": "theoretical_background_detail___material_models__e",
"linkId": "1838439f-0398-4754-b0c9-6f627127a407",
"urlSlug": "material-models-en",
"type": "support_center_article"
},
{
"codename": "theoretical_background_detail___serviceability_lim",
"linkId": "70b033ed-8364-4692-a84d-8eda80f00dce",
"urlSlug": "serviceability-limit-state-analysis",
"type": "support_center_article"
},
{
"codename": "theoretical_background_detail___main_assumptions_a",
"linkId": "2ebdaf9c-827f-4fd6-9f82-28bc96970a64",
"urlSlug": "main-assumptions-and-limitations-for-csfm",
"type": "support_center_article"
},
{
"codename": "theoretical_background_detail___general___verifica",
"linkId": "b42f7f51-b2ee-464e-bfeb-5170776cbd10",
"urlSlug": "limit-states-and-crack-width-calculation",
"type": "support_center_article"
}
],
"name": "Content",
"type": "rich_text",
"value": "<p>No cálculo dos resultados do SLS, apenas é tido em conta o comportamento elástico do betão. Por outras palavras, é considerado um diagrama tensão-deformação linear infinito para o betão. É possível apresentar efeitos <strong>a</strong> <strong>longo</strong> ou <strong>a curto prazo</strong> para verificações SLS. Qual é a diferença entre estes dois efeitos? Leia o artigo abaixo (parágrafo SLS do betão) para saber mais.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"1838439f-0398-4754-b0c9-6f627127a407\" href=\"\">Modelos de materiais (EN)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Tensão</h2>\n<p>Existem duas opções para a apresentação de resultados para betão e armaduras:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>a relação entre a tensão e a tensão limite</li>\n <li>a própria tensão</li>\n</ul>\n<p>As tensões são calculadas para as combinações de cargas <strong>caraterísticas</strong> e para as combinações de cargas <strong>quase permanentes</strong>.</p>\n<h4>Relação entre a tensão e a tensão limite</h4>\n<p>Os resultados são claros à primeira vista: A cor verde significa que a utilização é até 90%, a cor laranja é 90-100% da utilização e a cor vermelha é superior a 100%.</p>\n<p>Leia sobre como o valor limite é determinado no artigo seguinte.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"70b033ed-8364-4692-a84d-8eda80f00dce\" href=\"\">Análise do estado limite de operacionalidade</a></li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9a616d2b-74cb-45c4-b2c1-c2c4e126973d\" data-image-id=\"9a616d2b-74cb-45c4-b2c1-c2c4e126973d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d12601c9-32a1-408f-9b41-e031d5b6fc45/RC-D_06_20.png\" data-asset-id=\"9a616d2b-74cb-45c4-b2c1-c2c4e126973d\" data-image-id=\"9a616d2b-74cb-45c4-b2c1-c2c4e126973d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1ae8c1e4-5d61-421b-8f05-b54df99ec4c6\" data-image-id=\"1ae8c1e4-5d61-421b-8f05-b54df99ec4c6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/45cd98c6-57b5-4373-a001-6e5c3ed8f5b8/RC-D_06_21.png.png\" data-asset-id=\"1ae8c1e4-5d61-421b-8f05-b54df99ec4c6\" data-image-id=\"1ae8c1e4-5d61-421b-8f05-b54df99ec4c6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Tensão</h4>\n<p>O método de visualização é semelhante ao dos resultados do ULS (neste caso, a tensão é proveniente do cálculo com o comportamento elástico do betão). É possível visualizar a distribuição da tensão do betão <em><sub>σc</sub></em><sub> </sub>para uma parte da carga aplicada. Também conhecidas como tensões principais <em><sub>σ2</sub></em>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9d57f668-7250-467a-b305-817be6809f9c\" data-image-id=\"9d57f668-7250-467a-b305-817be6809f9c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/6f65c964-8c56-4aac-a14c-4307bfde6a8d/RC-D_06_22.png\" data-asset-id=\"9d57f668-7250-467a-b305-817be6809f9c\" data-image-id=\"9d57f668-7250-467a-b305-817be6809f9c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"02dda510-4b1e-4b1e-bb64-81077f8e3a1d\" data-image-id=\"02dda510-4b1e-4b1e-bb64-81077f8e3a1d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/16c8bb7b-6bc7-4b9a-b27f-cf1075f7715a/RC-D_06_23.png\" data-asset-id=\"02dda510-4b1e-4b1e-bb64-81077f8e3a1d\" data-image-id=\"02dda510-4b1e-4b1e-bb64-81077f8e3a1d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Fissura</h2>\n<p>Nesta secção, aprenderá sobre as quatro opções de visualização de resultados para verificações de fendas. Leia os outros artigos para saber mais sobre o cálculo.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"2ebdaf9c-827f-4fd6-9f82-28bc96970a64\" href=\"\">Principais suposições e limitações do CSFM</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"b42f7f51-b2ee-464e-bfeb-5170776cbd10\" href=\"\">Verificação do elemento estrutural no IDEA StatiCa Detail</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>As fissuras são calculadas apenas para as combinações de cargas <strong>quase permanentes</strong>.</p>\n<h4>Rácio entre a largura da fenda e a largura da fenda limite</h4>\n<p>O valor limite <sub>wlim</sub> pode ser definido na fita superior. O valor <sub>wlim</sub> = 0,3 mm é definido por defeito de acordo com o Eurocódigo. Os resultados são novamente diferenciados por cores (verde/laranja/vermelho) para que a verificação seja óbvia à primeira vista.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0b4f0d29-6d96-4cc6-a8fe-ea633f20f628\" data-image-id=\"0b4f0d29-6d96-4cc6-a8fe-ea633f20f628\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9fa5bdd1-ec85-4575-9e0f-6d26ce70c206/RC-D_06_24.png\" data-asset-id=\"0b4f0d29-6d96-4cc6-a8fe-ea633f20f628\" data-image-id=\"0b4f0d29-6d96-4cc6-a8fe-ea633f20f628\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Largura da fenda</h4>\n<p>Esta funcionalidade é utilizada para visualizar a largura da fenda para cada elemento individual da armadura.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"46fb1a3f-e513-4d03-9c50-04a9f4ca4c16\" data-image-id=\"46fb1a3f-e513-4d03-9c50-04a9f4ca4c16\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/97bc905a-76c9-4b12-abe1-3a93c71cdf2b/RC-D_06_25.png\" data-asset-id=\"46fb1a3f-e513-4d03-9c50-04a9f4ca4c16\" data-image-id=\"46fb1a3f-e513-4d03-9c50-04a9f4ca4c16\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>A distância entre fissuras estabilizadas</h4>\n<p>Ver as ligações no início da secção. O artigo explica o método de cálculo da distância entre fissuras estabilizadas.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"62e5dda7-3887-421b-a4ec-b4afe26fcbda\" data-image-id=\"62e5dda7-3887-421b-a4ec-b4afe26fcbda\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bcb4dbbc-29b3-48bb-a1f1-72cdb456b0b6/RC-D_06_26.png\" data-asset-id=\"62e5dda7-3887-421b-a4ec-b4afe26fcbda\" data-image-id=\"62e5dda7-3887-421b-a4ec-b4afe26fcbda\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>A apresentação do espaçamento entre fissuras é apenas esquemática. Não representa o espaçamento entre fissuras calculado para o cálculo.</p>\n<h4>Área não reforçada</h4>\n<p>A largura da fissura é controlada apenas na proximidade da armadura. O controlo da fendilhação não é efectuado em zonas não armadas.</p>\n<p>Este resultado mostra simplesmente as áreas não reforçadas onde provavelmente aparecerão fissuras. Recomenda-se que se projecte alguma armadura para essas áreas.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"60363106-9502-4217-9931-e493c71e7e5b\" data-image-id=\"60363106-9502-4217-9931-e493c71e7e5b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4f60ea99-7197-4ee8-865e-2e282fdf60ef/RC-D_06_27.png\" data-asset-id=\"60363106-9502-4217-9931-e493c71e7e5b\" data-image-id=\"60363106-9502-4217-9931-e493c71e7e5b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Deflexão</h2>\n<p>Veja as opções abaixo:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><em>uz</em><em><sub>,st</sub></em> - Deflexão imediata causada pela <strong>carga total</strong> - calculada com <strong>as rigidezes de curto prazo </strong><em><strong>Ec</strong></em><strong>.</strong></li>\n <li><em>uz</em><em><sub>,lt</sub></em> - Deformação de longo prazo causada por <strong>cargas de longo prazo </strong>(tipo de carga permanente e de pré-esforço) - calculada com <strong>as rigidezes de longo prazo </strong><em><strong>Ec,eff</strong></em><strong>. </strong>Por outras palavras, são incluídos os coeficientes de fluência.</li>\n <li><em><sub>Δuz</sub></em> - Incremento de deformação causado por <strong>cargas de curto prazo</strong> (tipo de carga variável) - calculado com <strong>as rigidezes de curto prazo </strong><em><strong>Ec,</strong></em>eff<strong>.</strong></li>\n <li><em>uz</em><em><sub>,tot</sub></em><em> = uz</em><em><sub>,lt</sub></em><em> +</em><sub> Δuz</sub></li>\n</ul>\n<p>As deflexões são calculadas apenas para as combinações de carga <strong>caraterísticas</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e4454c67-f23e-461a-baac-97d2a3b92614\" data-image-id=\"e4454c67-f23e-461a-baac-97d2a3b92614\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/815bac57-2809-4383-b0cc-abfa3349b443/RC-D_06_29.png\" data-asset-id=\"e4454c67-f23e-461a-baac-97d2a3b92614\" data-image-id=\"e4454c67-f23e-461a-baac-97d2a3b92614\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Para além dos valores da tabela na secção Dados, é possível visualizar a forma deformada. Também é possível modificar a escala da deformação.</p>\n<p>Finalmente, para além de visualizar as deformações, também é possível efetuar uma <strong>verificação da deformação</strong>. Pode escolher entre duas verificações - <strong>Incremento</strong> e <strong>Total.</strong></p>\n<ul>\n <li><em><sub>Δuz</sub></em><em> / Δuz</em><em><sub>,lim</sub></em> - Incremento</li>\n <li><em>uz</em><em><sub>,tot</sub></em><em> / Δuz</em><em><sub>,lim</sub></em> - Total</li>\n</ul>\n<p><em>Δuz</em><em><sub>,lim</sub></em> e <em>Δuz</em><em><sub>,lim</sub></em> podem ser definidos manualmente na barra de verificação de deflexão na faixa de opções superior.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"929831b6-68db-4720-bfd3-e7c27d1cfd85\" data-image-id=\"929831b6-68db-4720-bfd3-e7c27d1cfd85\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9efce2e8-54f2-4fe3-8fcb-700d0bc1bd32/RC-D_06_30.png\" data-asset-id=\"929831b6-68db-4720-bfd3-e7c27d1cfd85\" data-image-id=\"929831b6-68db-4720-bfd3-e7c27d1cfd85\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>A verificação da deflexão não é permitida para extremidades aparadas.</p>\n<h2>Exemplo prático</h2>\n<p>Para um exemplo prático de apresentação dos resultados, continue a ver o <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/77fFYFUvv5c/?start=2408\">vídeo</a> do webinar transmitido anteriormente. Devido ao facto de termos dois modelos idênticos, que variam no método de utilização, podemos verificar e comparar os resultados de ambos.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n42465e0c_72f6_0191_750b_c548cfe02d50\"></object>"
},
"regions": {
"name": "Region",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "EMEA",
"codename": "emea"
},
{
"name": "APAC",
"codename": "apac"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "region"
},
"product_groups": {
"name": "Product group",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "Concrete",
"codename": "concrete"
},
{
"name": "Reinforced concrete",
"codename": "reinforced_concrete"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "product_group"
},
"support_center_article_types": {
"name": "Support center article",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "Knowledge base",
"codename": "knowledgebase_article"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "support_center_article"
},
"expertise_levels": {
"name": "Expertise level",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "Beginner",
"codename": "beginner"
},
{
"name": "Intermediate",
"codename": "intermediate"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "expertise_level"
},
"labels": {
"name": "Labels",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [
{
"name": "Detail 2D",
"codename": "detail"
},
{
"name": "EN (Eurocode)",
"codename": "eurocode"
},
{
"name": "Overall check",
"codename": "check"
}
],
"taxonomyGroup": "labels"
},
"linked_items": {
"name": "Linked items",
"type": "modular_content",
"value": [],
"linkedItems": []
},
"attachments__files": {
"name": "Attachments",
"type": "asset",
"value": []
},
"content_priority__value": {
"name": "Content priority value",
"type": "number",
"value": 9500
},
"options": {
"name": "Options",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"url_slug": {
"name": "Url slug",
"type": "url_slug",
"value": "descricao-geral-dos-resultados-da-sls-na-aplicacao-pormenorizada"
},
"unique_url_slug": {
"name": "Unique URL slug",
"type": "custom",
"value": "[\"general-description-of-sls-results-in-detail-application\",\"[autogenerated]\"]"
},
"content_settings__sitemap": {
"name": "Show in sitemap",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"content_settings__robots": {
"name": "Search engine indexing",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"content_settings__is_hidden": {
"name": "Hidden nested content",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"metadata__page_title": {
"name": "Page title",
"type": "text",
"value": "Descrição geral dos resultados da SLS na aplicação pormenorizada"
},
"metadata__page_description": {
"name": "Page description",
"type": "text",
"value": "Este artigo dedica-se a apresentar os resultados na aplicação de pormenor, centrando-se no estado limite de utilização."
},
"metadata__page_keywords": {
"name": "Page keywords",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__canonical_url": {
"name": "Canonical URL",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__og_title": {
"name": "OG:title",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__og_description": {
"name": "OG:description",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__og_image": {
"name": "OG:image",
"type": "asset",
"value": []
},
"translation__translation_connector": {
"name": "Translation Connector",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [],
"taxonomyGroup": "languages"
},
"translation__force_translation": {
"name": "Force translation",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"translation__last_translation": {
"images": [],
"linkedItemCodenames": [],
"linkedItems": [],
"links": [],
"name": "Last translation",
"type": "rich_text",
"value": "<p><br></p>"
},
"translation__ai_translated": {
"name": "AI translated",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"page_tree_settings__page_label": {
"name": "Page label",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"page_tree_settings__path_segment": {
"name": "Path segment",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"page_tree_settings__breadcrumb_style": {
"name": "Breadcrumb style",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"page_tree_settings__hide_in_breadcrumbs": {
"name": "Hide in breadcrumbs",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
}
},
"system": {
"codename": "general_description_of_sls_results_in_detail_appli",
"collection": "default",
"id": "9e7e995c-6e74-422f-af6e-88a8d7fe047f",
"language": "pt-PT",
"lastModified": "2025-08-08T13:49:49.6931153Z",
"name": "General description of SLS results in Detail application",
"sitemapLocations": [],
"type": "support_center_article",
"workflowStep": "published",
"workflow": "default"
}
}
]
},
"attachments__files": {
"name": "Attachments",
"type": "asset",
"value": []
},
"content_priority__value": {
"name": "Content priority value",
"type": "number",
"value": 7000
},
"options": {
"name": "Options",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"url_slug": {
"name": "Url slug",
"type": "url_slug",
"value": "crack-width-calculation-and-tension-stiffening"
},
"unique_url_slug": {
"name": "Unique URL slug",
"type": "custom",
"value": "[\"crack-width-calculation-and-tension-stiffening\",\"[autogenerated]\"]"
},
"content_settings__sitemap": {
"name": "Show in sitemap",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"content_settings__robots": {
"name": "Search engine indexing",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"content_settings__is_hidden": {
"name": "Hidden nested content",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"metadata__page_title": {
"name": "Page title",
"type": "text",
"value": "Structural element verification in IDEA StatiCa Detail"
},
"metadata__page_description": {
"name": "Page description",
"type": "text",
"value": "Assessment of the structure using the CSFM is performed by two different analyses: one for serviceability and one for ultimate limit state load combinations. IDEA StatiCa Detail - a structural engineering design software."
},
"metadata__page_keywords": {
"name": "Page keywords",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__canonical_url": {
"name": "Canonical URL",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__og_title": {
"name": "OG:title",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__og_description": {
"name": "OG:description",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"metadata__og_image": {
"name": "OG:image",
"type": "asset",
"value": []
},
"translation__translation_connector": {
"name": "Translation Connector",
"type": "taxonomy",
"value": [],
"taxonomyGroup": "languages"
},
"translation__force_translation": {
"name": "Force translation",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"translation__last_translation": {
"images": [],
"linkedItemCodenames": [],
"linkedItems": [],
"links": [],
"name": "Last translation",
"type": "rich_text",
"value": "<p><br></p>"
},
"translation__ai_translated": {
"name": "AI translated",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"page_tree_settings__page_label": {
"name": "Page label",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"page_tree_settings__path_segment": {
"name": "Path segment",
"type": "text",
"value": ""
},
"page_tree_settings__breadcrumb_style": {
"name": "Breadcrumb style",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
},
"page_tree_settings__hide_in_breadcrumbs": {
"name": "Hide in breadcrumbs",
"type": "multiple_choice",
"value": []
}
}