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Name: Release notes IDEA StatiCa Concrete 20 - Introduction
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"value": "<p>The new version of IDEA StatiCa is here! It is the biggest implementation of customer feedback and wishes we have had in years. And that means something – IDEA StatiCa is used by over 3500 customers who share more than 4000 unique IDEA StatiCa projects <strong>every month</strong>. Version 20 comes with extending the existing functionality and mainly brings new features that change the approach to design and code-check of partially loaded areas of the concrete structures.</p>\n<p>Highlights of this version are:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Parametric templates of diaphragms</li>\n <li>Partially loaded areas</li>\n <li>UK National annex</li>\n</ul>\n<p>All of this with precise checks of concrete and reinforcement strength, stresses, and strains. Everything that the code requires, with results clearly visualized for a better understanding of the structural behavior.</p>\n<p>How did we get from number 10 to 20? The reason is simpler – align the numbering with year count.</p>\n<p>We hope you will enjoy all our new features and improvements and would love to hear your feedback anytime. </p>\n<p>Calculate yesterday’s estimates!</p>"
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Name: RN 20.0: New licensing system
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"value": "<p>The new online licensing system of IDEA StatiCa was implemented. It is account-based, which means that all you need to start IDEA StatiCa 20 is to insert your username (by default, an email) and password.</p>\n<p>Why?</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Our customers struggled with logistics related to license codes, license files, and dongles.</li>\n <li>IDEA StatiCa license could be fixed without the cooperation of the end-user (reactivation, etc.).</li>\n <li>Our customers had to deploy the network license on their servers.</li>\n <li>Company license could not be easily shared with employees on the road or on home-office</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The new online licensing system of IDEA StatiCa solves all these issues and much more. Everything is provided in a robust and secure IDEA StatiCa cloud for which users need only one thing to access – their username (by default, an email) and password.</p>\n<p>How does the online license work?</p>\n<ul>\n <li>IDEA StatiCa installation regularly checks with IDEA StatiCa license server to update the license and verify product configuration.</li>\n <li>IDEA StatiCa users do not have to be online all the time. The license will work for 72 hours without an internet connection. After that, connecting to the licensing server is necessary.</li>\n <li>Admins, as well as end-users, can view/edit the license via IDEA StatiCa Customer portal, an online backend with their licensing data</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c8f006aa-3cbf-49ef-805e-29bcb6893935\" data-image-id=\"c8f006aa-3cbf-49ef-805e-29bcb6893935\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d8b04196-671e-45f1-9afb-05c2873bc09b/Sign%20in%20box.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"c8f006aa-3cbf-49ef-805e-29bcb6893935\" data-image-id=\"c8f006aa-3cbf-49ef-805e-29bcb6893935\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>How to setup IDEA StatiCa version 20</h4>\n<ul>\n <li>Every customer of IDEA StatiCa has a primary email address in our system (confirmed in a past order)</li>\n <li>With the release of version 20, IDEA StatiCa will send Admin credentials to this email. The license will have entitlements based on purchased products and seats.</li>\n <li>Admins can then add and remove other users in the organization</li>\n <li>Every user in the organization can consume only selected type of IDEA StatiCa products</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"883b3bdf-6d94-49a8-9745-83c822e8a756\" data-image-id=\"883b3bdf-6d94-49a8-9745-83c822e8a756\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9fde4043-99d8-4344-8a4a-da9264ff87c5/License%20manager.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"883b3bdf-6d94-49a8-9745-83c822e8a756\" data-image-id=\"883b3bdf-6d94-49a8-9745-83c822e8a756\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>IDEA StatiCa license manager</em></p>\n<h4>Migration disclaimer</h4>\n<ul>\n <li>IDEA StatiCa 20 has only one way to license and launch – the new online licensing system.</li>\n <li>The old licensing systems (Eleckey, HASP) of versions up to 10.1 remains unchanged and functional. Lifetime entitlements (now called \"Perpetual\") will work indefinitely, but their technical support will be terminated on <strong>30. 6. 2021</strong>. After this date, license resets, reactivations, and other licensing support will not be provided anymore. Kindly make sure that your organization migrates to version 20 as soon as possible.</li>\n</ul>"
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Name: RN 20.0: Parametric diaphragms templates
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Name: Partially loaded areas
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"value": "<h2>Reinforcement in Partially Loaded Area</h2>\n<p>You can design the reinforcement in the partially loaded area in a more effective way since version 20.1. The reinforcing bars are part of the CSFM model, and the bond between concrete and bars is treated as perfect. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3ab51e56-2e14-40b7-9f70-7ee929f7adeb\" data-image-id=\"3ab51e56-2e14-40b7-9f70-7ee929f7adeb\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f589881a-d9fc-4105-a625-e64020697db3/Partially%20loaded%20areas-reinf.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"3ab51e56-2e14-40b7-9f70-7ee929f7adeb\" data-image-id=\"3ab51e56-2e14-40b7-9f70-7ee929f7adeb\" alt=\"partially loaded areas with reinforcement\"></figure>\n<h2>About Partially Loaded Area</h2>\n<p>This feature is suitable mainly for precast and bridge structural engineers who are dealing with significant reactions in the bearings or concentrated prestressed forces from the tendons in the beams. The benefit is hidden beyond non - conservative design, saving material and money.</p>\n<p>We have figured out how to deal with triaxial stress in partially loaded areas. In these areas crushing of concrete is allowed, and the resistance of concrete in compression can be raised due to transverse confinement according to valid standards (Eurocode). The increase of the resistance can be up to 3 times the cylinder strength of concrete.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b72f7533-5eae-4ccc-8386-af616f712ff6\" data-image-id=\"b72f7533-5eae-4ccc-8386-af616f712ff6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/25769cf9-c38a-4738-860c-948de6a17400/Partially%20loaded%20area%201.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"b72f7533-5eae-4ccc-8386-af616f712ff6\" data-image-id=\"b72f7533-5eae-4ccc-8386-af616f712ff6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The partially loaded area can be found on every structure. Some typical examples are bridge diaphragms with an area above the bearings, areas under the anchor, or concentrated load on the edge of the wall. Partially loaded areas are designed according to the requirements of the Eurocode and simultaneously are restrained by model geometry (openings, thickness, edges, abrupt change of cross-section).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"db666445-daab-4bbd-8f4c-dd0917b61eba\" data-image-id=\"db666445-daab-4bbd-8f4c-dd0917b61eba\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/88696c5a-2fa2-4f08-b3d7-2ae565699c02/Partially%20loaded%20area%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"db666445-daab-4bbd-8f4c-dd0917b61eba\" data-image-id=\"db666445-daab-4bbd-8f4c-dd0917b61eba\" alt=\"Triaxial stress is covered by new feature, which artificially increase the area of the cone and cover this effect.\"></figure>\n<p>The increase of concrete resistance can be considered if the confinement is kept. Due to this condition, reinforcement bars are automatically added to pass the condition regarding confinement and Eurocode provision.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"802e353e-22eb-4418-a1c6-c7c47e4f890c\" data-image-id=\"802e353e-22eb-4418-a1c6-c7c47e4f890c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7fecad0b-e34f-415a-86ce-0b5ddf1b674c/Partially%20loaded%20area%20cone.png\" data-asset-id=\"802e353e-22eb-4418-a1c6-c7c47e4f890c\" data-image-id=\"802e353e-22eb-4418-a1c6-c7c47e4f890c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>This functionality guarantees that models are getting converge and simultaneously comply with design criteria for valid standards (Eurocode). The implemented method is independent of the finite element mesh. <strong>The bearing capacity is increased with</strong> the <strong>changing of the concrete area. The consequence of this state is constant stress along with the height of a cone. </strong>Dispersed fictitious struts affect artificially the stiffness of the cone and correctly redistribute the transverse stress, which appears in this area. The density of each dispersed strut is increased to the direction of the applied load.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"62cc432f-b87c-4de2-b8ca-afd16981510a\" data-image-id=\"62cc432f-b87c-4de2-b8ca-afd16981510a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2a98ab65-1aab-4c54-839b-25a89481479e/Dispersed%20fictitious%20struts.png\" data-asset-id=\"62cc432f-b87c-4de2-b8ca-afd16981510a\" data-image-id=\"62cc432f-b87c-4de2-b8ca-afd16981510a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Known limitations come out from the standards valid in Eurocode.</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Cones cannot coincide</li>\n <li>The area A<sub>c1</sub> and A<sub>c0 </sub>lie on the resultant of the acting force</li>\n</ul>\n<p><br></p>"
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"value": "<h2>Wall</h2>\n<p>The wall is the most general entity that can be defined in your model. There are various cases for which you can use this detail. Now, it's time to explain how. </p>\n<p>First, let's talk about the shape of the element. The wall's shape can be defined as:</p>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Rectangular</strong> </li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>Using this option, all you need to do is to set the element's width, height, thickness, and, if necessary, offset in X direction related to the top left and right corner.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\" data-image-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ac646772-fed5-4840-b262-a991fa509a69/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_rectangular.png\" data-asset-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\" data-image-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Polygon</strong></li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>If you need a more complex topology, the Polygon shape is the way. The geometry can be defined by selecting the Edit shape button in the data window, and then in the wizard using coordinates in X and Z directions related to the global coordinate system. You can add new rows, or delete the existing ones using the right-click into the coordinates table.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\" data-image-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e0275f69-8357-43ba-9450-059d706dff03/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_polygon.png\" data-asset-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\" data-image-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Import DXF</strong> </li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>In case of having a complex shape of the structure or already finished drawings, you can use the import from the DXF file functionality to have the geometry defined quickly. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\" data-image-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bbd926e9-959c-4818-b415-41974097b044/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_DXF1.png\" data-asset-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\" data-image-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Simply click on the Import DXF button, pick the file from your storage, and start selecting the structure's outline. It can be done by choosing the lines individually in the main graphic window, or just a single line and then clicking the Consecutive button from the top ribbon.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\" data-image-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1b2da944-b95d-4d91-8505-211030166867/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_DXF2.png\" data-asset-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\" data-image-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>In the wizard, you can use the full potential of the functionalities in the top ribbon - it is possible to change the units, distinguish three planes - XY, XZ, and YZ in which the drawing is done, set some tolerance and discretization of curved lines, entities numbers, and add openings directly. On top of that, when you make a mistake, you can undo the steps, and clear the selection.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\" data-image-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7282d9d1-51b6-4bb6-b73c-82c5aef23010/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_DXF3.png\" data-asset-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\" data-image-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Moreover, you can even import the geometry together with the reinforcement!</p>\n<p>Now, let's sum up the most important information you need to know for proper wall element definition.</p>\n<ul>\n <li>All types of <a data-item-id=\"5a121972-f384-4f14-8788-9da298e1aae1\" href=\"\"><strong>supports</strong></a> and <strong>transfer devices</strong> can be used for this geometry type.</li>\n <li>It is not possible to add a <a data-item-id=\"aa1a5fc8-a069-4196-9c2e-cde472068193\" href=\"\"><strong>trimmed end</strong></a> of the wall, the structure must be defined as a whole. </li>\n <li>All types of <strong>openings</strong> can be applied.</li>\n <li>And last but not least, the wall entity must have a constant <strong>thickness</strong>.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The whole model can be made up of several separate elements. The software will automatically connect them. The joint between the walls must be free of gaps. Moreover, it is possible to define different thicknesses for each wall element used in the project. See the example in the image below.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\" data-image-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3ce7dc88-9f5e-4dfe-b64d-11dc718b63d7/RC-D_03_01.png\" data-asset-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\" data-image-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Beam</h2>\n<p>This element can be used for various types of beams. It is up to you whether you need to model and analyze the whole beam or just want to focus on a specific area - discontinuity region using the trimmed end option.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\" data-image-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/87a7e44f-524e-4533-b313-482d7ac74b91/QRC-D_03%20Beam_whole%20beam.png\" data-asset-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\" data-image-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Example of a whole saddle beam with openings</em></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Let's say you have already designed and checked the reinforcement in the B-regions, and you want to focus on the discontinuity regions of the beam only, so you won't spend additional time modeling the whole beam. No problem! In this case, it is recommended to model the trimmed beam.</p>\n<p>The beam can be trimmed at:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Beginning</strong></li>\n <li><strong>End</strong></li>\n <li>Or <strong>both</strong> the beginning and end at the same time</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\" data-image-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3e601d9e-4dd4-4bfb-aa41-0f8aff99588e/QRC-D_03%20Beam_trimmed%20end.png\" data-asset-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\" data-image-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Example of a beam with the trimmed end</em></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>When modeling a beam, you can select one of the pre-defined <a data-item-id=\"5cff133b-460c-4bf2-94c2-3957a7b88e47\" href=\"\">cross-sections</a> from the library.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\" data-image-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/98d2b093-7fb0-45e5-853e-2acc3873864b/QRC-D_03%20Beam_cross-sections.png\" data-asset-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\" data-image-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The beam is defined as a 2D element. The cross-section of the beam is used only to set the proper thicknesses. </p>\n<p>Let's check the summary for beam elements:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>All types of <a data-item-id=\"50ed723b-9b87-4870-a69f-e05b5a8a8150\" href=\"\"><strong>supports</strong></a> and <strong>transfer devices</strong> can be used for this geometry type.</li>\n <li>The beam can be <a data-item-id=\"7e9198c1-d161-5c59-9e9b-aed2c2a00408\" href=\"\"><strong>trimmed</strong></a><strong> </strong>at the beginning, end, or both the beginning and end. </li>\n <li>All types of <strong>openings</strong> can be applied.</li>\n <li>The structure can have <strong>haunches</strong> - just select the checkbox in the data window and set the parameters.</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\" data-image-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/04bf59e2-fa45-49eb-b136-7ad3e7c88be3/RC-D_03_02.png\" data-asset-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\" data-image-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Knee joint</h2>\n<p>A knee joint is a type of frame joint - basically the most commonly used D-region. Sometimes, they can be underestimated in the design. However, it is important to pay attention to them. And it can be easy when you have a powerful tool such as the IDEA StatiCa Detail application. </p>\n<p>What's important to know?</p>\n<ul>\n <li>As in the beam element case, also the knee joint is defined using a <a data-item-id=\"5cff133b-460c-4bf2-94c2-3957a7b88e47\" href=\"\"><strong>cross-section</strong></a> selected from the library. </li>\n <li>Compared to wall and beam types, you can't set supports. Only the usage of <a data-item-id=\"aa1a5fc8-a069-4196-9c2e-cde472068193\" href=\"\"><strong>trimmed</strong></a> or <strong>free ends</strong> is allowed in this case. Nevertheless, all types of load transferring devices can be applied to the structure.</li>\n <li>All types of <strong>openings</strong> can be applied.</li>\n <li>The structure can have <strong>haunches</strong> - just select the checkbox in the data window and set the parameters. On top of that, the members can be <strong>inclined</strong> by the wanted angle. </li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\" data-image-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/34573afb-190b-430c-b7bb-01d268959bb0/RC-D_03_03.png\" data-asset-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\" data-image-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The geometry of the knee joint may vary. In the Detail app, you can select from three options to define the most suitable one.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\" data-image-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/74ac2f16-df31-4471-8ef0-3b05a412f654/QRC-D_03%20Knee%20joint_joint%20type.png\" data-asset-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\" data-image-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>To see it in the action, check the image below. These three structures were created by using the same settings, only with different joint types.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\" data-image-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f261ebd1-7854-4d18-808c-6acfc4334d6b/RC-D_03_04.png\" data-asset-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\" data-image-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Cross joint</h2>\n<p>This option is identical to the knee joint. For the characteristics, see the previous paragraph.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\" data-image-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4bb40a71-3067-4cf2-8aa5-71024ddeb7c6/RC-D_03_05.png\" data-asset-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\" data-image-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>There are two types of Cross joints - prismatic beam or prismatic column. The difference is shown in the image below. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\" data-image-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/87cc88dc-5366-4e2c-b264-8cd1619eaeb0/RC-D_03_06.png\" data-asset-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\" data-image-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Diaphragm</h2>\n<p>Diaphragms are exactly the same as walls in terms of the element's definition. For more information, please see the Wall paragraph.</p>\n<p>There are three ways to define the shape:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Two-way bridge </li>\n <li>Highway bridge </li>\n <li>And General - by polyline or imported from the DXF file</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\" data-image-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/87d19f2d-5c10-4531-97a5-0e36f138587b/QRC-D_03%20Diaphragm_types.png\" data-asset-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\" data-image-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>It is important to mention that these details (subregions) can be divided into two groups. The difference between them is in the element's thickness definition:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Walls and Diaphragms - constant thickness </li>\n <li>Beams and Joints - thickness defined by a cross-section</li>\n</ul>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Please be aware that all geometry types mentioned above are in the software considered as 2D elements, thus can transfer only in plane loads, and out of plane forces must be neglected.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n46c56442_ec49_010d_69d5_cea1d05d7dcd\"></object>"
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"value": "<h2>1 New project</h2>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\" data-image-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ae7cb3f1-214d-417c-8224-b6d703b9c794/1_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\" data-image-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Start a <a data-item-id=\"9b7994e5-6207-43cf-9f97-a754d0362241\" href=\"\"><strong>New</strong></a> project in <a data-item-id=\"a0e85d28-23e6-4006-94d6-f334c2be9b67\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Detail</a>.</p>\n<p>In the first step, select the desired class and topology, you can then define the design code (choose <strong>EN</strong>) as well as the concrete grade and cover (use concrete<strong> C30/37</strong> and cover <strong>30 mm</strong>). You can change your choice of material (or add another one) later, nevertheless, the design code can be chosen only in this first step of the project.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\" data-image-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a5663589-fde9-42df-a943-40fbf4014345/1_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\" data-image-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>2 Geometry</h2>\n<p>Start the definition of geometry by changing the cross-section of the <strong>Member</strong> <strong>M1</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\" data-image-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bf1fbecd-1f2e-40cf-9b46-28d0595bb46d/2_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\" data-image-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Define the <strong>I shape with haunched flanges</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\" data-image-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ce99c108-ec5b-430d-800e-5b9edb6f0c27/2_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\" data-image-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Change the width of the flanges and the height of the beam.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\" data-image-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9839e7bd-5471-4883-a4c1-e28609fb85d7/2_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\" data-image-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The <a data-item-id=\"865804fb-a8ac-42df-9ddd-e05404a48c9d\" href=\"\"><strong>opening</strong></a> is enlarged and shifted to the center of the beam.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\" data-image-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/17810c5a-140d-4372-946e-e540cad41f7d/2_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\" data-image-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Read more about the geometry definition in <a data-item-id=\"d687ccdc-e898-489c-91cf-c4d935406d36\" href=\"\"><strong>Geometry types in Detail</strong></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>3 Load effects</h2>\n<p>Let us now define the <strong>Load</strong> of the detail. You can see that two load cases were already automatically created. Change the content of the load cases a little bit.</p>\n<p>For <strong>LC1</strong> (permanent load), change the <strong>Internal forces</strong> so that you input the values of shear force and bending moment at the point of the opening. In <strong>Load Impulses</strong>, keep the value of line load to <strong>-10 kN/m</strong> in global Z-.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\" data-image-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1773c0ed-07fd-440a-9c65-6f322ad14e20/3_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\" data-image-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Similarly, change the values of <strong>Internal forces</strong> for <strong>LC2</strong> (variable load). In <strong>Load impulses</strong>, change the value to <strong>-5 kN/m</strong> in global Z-direction.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\" data-image-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1ed3197b-d918-489b-8613-8fc59e89e9fd/3_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\" data-image-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Three nonlinear combinations were already defined: C1 stands for ULS checks. C2 is a quasi-permanent and C3 a characteristic load combination, both defined for SLS code checks. You can define new combinations if required, there are three types of combinations available for SLS code checks: characteristic, frequent and quasi-permanent. You can select which checks shall be performed for each combination and the partial coefficients for the combination rules can be adjusted as well. In our case we use the predefined combinations.</p>\n<p>The calculations will be performed only for the checked items. Right now we leave all three combinations (C1, C2 and C3) selected.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\" data-image-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e5376849-76d4-498e-953f-fef18b8306dc/3_6.png\" data-asset-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\" data-image-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Learn more about internal forces in <a data-item-id=\"38cbe005-0e1e-4d75-ae8a-2ef9dcee4c2b\" href=\"\">General description of Load impulses in Detail application</a></li>\n <li>Learn more about load impulses in <a data-item-id=\"05ba912c-dc0b-4a2f-9763-099001bbb052\" href=\"\">Internal forces and equilibrium in Detail application</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>4 Reinforcement</h2>\n<p>Once the load has been defined, you can proceed to input the <strong>Reinforcement</strong>. You will use the items created by the template.</p>\n<p>You can change the diameter of stirrups and adjust their distances (the first value corresponds to the distance of the first stirrup from the edge, the other stirrups will be distributed in distances given by the second value).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\" data-image-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e73ef6fa-d511-47c2-b10c-c010ded36316/4_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\" data-image-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Reduce the diameter of bars of reinforcement <strong>RO1</strong> around the opening and the number of layers of horizontal/vertical and diagonal bars. Change the distance between horizontal/vertical bars and also adjust the length of the diagonal bars and anchoring of horizontal/vertical bars.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\" data-image-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/327fd926-94d2-48d3-b417-68f8de3030fc/4_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\" data-image-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The operation <strong>GB1</strong> includes a group of bars at the bottom face of the beam. Change the diameter of bars.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\" data-image-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/605263be-1f0b-480f-9810-a9e18e7f6db2/4_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\" data-image-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Master your reinforcing skills by reading <a data-item-id=\"6fa5f6f4-dd62-4a8b-a85b-77dc223d2e05\" href=\"\">Reinforcement definition in the Detail application</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>5 Calculation and Check</h2>\n<p>Proceed to calculate the project. Continue to <strong>Check</strong> Tab and press the <strong>Calculate</strong> button in the top ribbon.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\" data-image-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5bfb0f66-41ac-4b88-8c00-e7708211994b/5_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\" data-image-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>At the top left of the screen, you can see the overview of all the code checks and the status of the checks (passed/failed).</p>\n<p>In the table on the right, all the detailed results and the amount of permanent and variable load applied can be found. At the moment, the resulting strength check of the concrete in ULS is presented. In the <strong>Results</strong> toolbar, the limit value for the diagram can be changed. Change the value so that only the concrete in compression over <strong>-2 MPa</strong> is marked red.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\" data-image-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2b213a23-c573-4a41-815a-4e8ba256beac/1.png\" data-asset-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\" data-image-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>You can display all the code checks using the buttons in the <strong>Code-check results</strong> toolbar. In the <strong>Summary</strong>, the main results for ULS/SLS are presented. Click for instance on the line in <strong>ULS/Anchorage length</strong> to display the utilization of the bond between concrete and reinforcement (with the most critical spot marked in the figure).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\" data-image-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7ae29cba-2d39-4d59-aa42-d270c02da894/2.png\" data-asset-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\" data-image-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>We open the SLS results by selecting a SLS Combination, e.g. C2 or C3.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\" data-image-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/59cbb2a8-dfb3-4f3e-9bd3-e2991a85a5f0/3.png\" data-asset-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\" data-image-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>To open the detailed results of ULS, click <strong>Strength</strong> in Code-check results. 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You can select any bar of reinforcement to see its results of analysis and code check.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\" data-image-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d3cbd0bc-46fd-4d9c-8776-d71d9eb4bd21/5.png\" data-asset-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\" data-image-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>More info about ULS results can be found in <a data-item-id=\"dfd7d908-843b-4d1e-8f66-26343a9bf3ff\" href=\"\">General description of ULS results in Detail application</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>The detailed results of SLS can be found under <strong>Stress limitation, </strong><a data-item-id=\"ea994302-6f97-4068-818f-19f6666fdb27\" href=\"\"><strong>Crack</strong></a><strong> width</strong> and <strong>Deflection</strong>. For the Stress limitation state, the stress in concrete is checked for both C2 and C3 combinations, while the check of reinforcement is applied only for the combination C3.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"657ab157-7e89-4488-aff6-aeb6e402a3ba\" data-image-id=\"657ab157-7e89-4488-aff6-aeb6e402a3ba\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5fe709e5-124b-4c6a-949f-1720f1e7eb80/6.png\" data-asset-id=\"657ab157-7e89-4488-aff6-aeb6e402a3ba\" data-image-id=\"657ab157-7e89-4488-aff6-aeb6e402a3ba\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Calculated <strong>Crack width</strong>s can be displayed by clicking the corresponding icon. The calculated values are compared to the limit value w_{st,lim} which can be edited in the top ribbon.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\" data-image-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a9405f9f-0e01-4e76-ad1c-ae7df7d478c8/7.png\" data-asset-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\" data-image-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>More info about SLS results can be found in <a data-item-id=\"9e7e995c-6e74-422f-af6e-88a8d7fe047f\" href=\"\">General description of SLS results in Detail application</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>6 Report</h2>\n<p>At last, go to the <strong>Report </strong>Tab. IDEA StatiCa offers a fully customizable report to print out or save in an editable format.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"07b2a2d9-31e0-4f6e-ad3c-660419aa72aa\" data-image-id=\"07b2a2d9-31e0-4f6e-ad3c-660419aa72aa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/6d0a57ef-98c6-4dd9-8077-b3103cbfd075/8.png\" data-asset-id=\"07b2a2d9-31e0-4f6e-ad3c-660419aa72aa\" data-image-id=\"07b2a2d9-31e0-4f6e-ad3c-660419aa72aa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2e3559ac-8f4b-47ce-ad68-1a79a58db745\" data-image-id=\"2e3559ac-8f4b-47ce-ad68-1a79a58db745\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b5212488-59ca-4a61-a429-b45cecbb29a5/6_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"2e3559ac-8f4b-47ce-ad68-1a79a58db745\" data-image-id=\"2e3559ac-8f4b-47ce-ad68-1a79a58db745\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>You have designed, optimized, and code-checked the part of the <a data-item-id=\"77764ea2-7c2a-5b80-820b-8f3db5624600\" href=\"\">beam with an opening</a>.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"beam_with_an_opening_b2933a1\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"campus_cta\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n06189af4_92d9_014b_d1b5_bbc055bf0ffc\"></object>"
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"value": "<h4>Reinforced concrete wall or deep beams full code-check? No problem!</h4>\n<p>The aim of the webinar is to present how to code-check a <strong>general-shape deep beam</strong> in <strong>IDEA StatiCa Detail</strong> in connection with results from the FEA application in minutes. We will show the workflow on an example of a residential concrete building – exporting the geometry, creating the submodel in IDEA StatiCa Detail, applying the <strong>correct loads</strong>, design of the reinforcement, and the final code-check for both <strong>ultimate and serviceability limit</strong> <strong>states</strong>.</p>\n<p>Try it on your own - get the <a data-item-id=\"0c872071-6a3f-4b99-8cd4-66440db9cc0d\" href=\"\">free Trial license</a> and follow the step-by-step tutorial on <a data-item-id=\"1dc3667d-ddd6-5483-8b97-e7b69923fef7\" href=\"\">Concrete wall</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2a799851-47a8-48ba-a994-6142976c5204\" data-image-id=\"2a799851-47a8-48ba-a994-6142976c5204\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/177694cc-5c91-42cb-b88c-568f900670fe/Code-check%20of%20walls%20and%20deep%20beams.png\" data-asset-id=\"2a799851-47a8-48ba-a994-6142976c5204\" data-image-id=\"2a799851-47a8-48ba-a994-6142976c5204\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>The ultimate solution for concrete details and structural parts</h4>\n<p>Common 3D FEA software considers the linear behavior of concrete. Design and code-checks of reinforcement are limited, especially for the <strong>serviceability limit state</strong> which may lead to the development of <strong>excessive cracks</strong>. All of that is covered within the <a data-item-id=\"42ce7f6b-6491-4224-a01e-c4c0072ed1cd\" href=\"\">CSFM-based</a> application IDEA StatiCa Detail. Now, all engineers can efficiently design and code-check walls or deep beams of any shape and many more.</p>\n<p>If you want to see more of <strong>IDEA StatiCa Detail </strong>in action, there are two other recorded webinars to watch:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"1300fb1c-8e32-47f3-8b21-0e8e77e1f238\" href=\"\">How to design a prestressed beam with openings easily?</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"73d449cf-610e-5c7c-9e8c-da8093630d24\" href=\"\">Cast in situ wall – Ruzomberok (Slovakia)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Or browse our Support center for <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center-tutorials?product=concrete&label=detail\" title=\"IDEA StatiCa Detail\">tutorials</a> and read the <a data-item-id=\"0000c94c-b603-48c4-8d31-bc56d7c95886\" href=\"\">theoretical background.</a></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<h3>Webinar recording</h3>"
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Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Alvarez, Manuel. 1998. <em>Einfluss des Verbundverhaltens auf das Verformungsvermögen von Stahlbeton</em>. IBK Bericht 236. Basel: Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion, ETH Zurich, Birkhäuser Verlag.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Beeby, A. W. 1979. “The Prediction of Crack Widths in Hardened Concrete.” <em>The Structural Engineer</em> 57A (1): 9–17.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Broms, Bengt B. 1965. “Crack Width and Crack Spacing In Reinforced Concrete Members.” <em>ACI Journal Proceedings</em> 62 (10): 1237–56. https://doi.org/10.14359/7742.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Burns, C.. 2012. “Serviceability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Members Based on the Tension Chord Model.” IBK Report Nr. 342, Zurich, Switzerland: ETH Zurich.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Crisfield, M. A. 1997. <em>Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Structures</em>. Wiley.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2015. <em>1 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings</em>. Brussels: CEN, 2005.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Fernández Ruiz, M., and A. Muttoni. 2007. “On Development of Suitable Stress Fields for Structural Concrete.” <em>ACI Structural Journal</em> 104 (4): 495–502.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Kaufmann, W., J. Mata-Falcón, M. Weber, T. Galkovski, D. Thong Tran, J. Kabelac, M. Konecny, J. Navratil, M. Cihal, and P. Komarkova. 2020. “<em>Compatible Stress Field Design Of Structural Concrete</em>. Berlin, Germany.”AZ Druck und Datentechnik GmbH, ISBN 978-3-906916-95-8.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Kaufmann, W., and P. Marti. 1998. “Structural Concrete: Cracked Membrane Model.” <em>Journal of Structural Engineering</em> 124 (12): 1467–75. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:12(1467).</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Kaufmann, W.. 1998. “Strength and Deformations of Structural Concrete Subjected to In-Plane Shear and Normal Forces.” Doctoral dissertation, Basel: Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion, ETH Zürich. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7612-4.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Konečný, M., J. Kabeláč, and J. Navrátil. 2017. <em>Use of Topology Optimization in Concrete Reinforcement Design</em>. 24. Czech Concrete Days (2017). ČBS ČSSI. https://resources.ideastatica.com/Content/06_Detail/Verification/Articles/Topology_optimization_US.pdf.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Marti, P. 1985. “Truss Models in Detailing.” <em>Concrete International</em> 7 (12): 66–73.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Marti, P. 2013. <em>Theory of Structures: Fundamentals, Framed Structures, Plates and Shells</em>. First edition. Berlin, Germany: Wiley Ernst & Sohn.</p>\n<p>http://sfx.ethz.ch/sfx_locater?sid=ALEPH:EBI01&genre=book&isbn=9783433029916.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Marti, P., M.Alvarez, W. Kaufmann, and V. Sigrist. 1998. “Tension Chord Model for Structural Concrete.” <em>Structural Engineering International</em> 8 (4): 287–298.</p>\n<p>https://doi.org/10.2749/101686698780488875.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Mata-Falcón, J. 2015. “Serviceability and Ultimate Behaviour of Dapped-End Beams (In Spanish: Estudio Del Comportamiento En Servicio y Rotura de Los Apoyos a Media Madera).” PhD thesis, Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Meier, H. 1983. “Berücksichtigung Des Wirklichkeitsnahen Werkstoffverhaltens Beim Standsicherheitsnachweis Turmartiger Stahlbetonbauwerke.” Institut für Massivbau, Universität Stuttgart.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Navrátil, J., P. Ševčík, L. Michalčík, P. Foltyn, and J. Kabeláč. 2017. <em>A Solution for Walls and Details of Concrete Structures</em>. 24. Czech Concrete Days.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Schlaich, J., K. Schäfer, and M. Jennewein. 1987a. “Toward a Consistent Design of Structural Concrete.” <em>PCI Journal</em> 32 (3): 74–150.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Vecchio, F.J., and M.P. Collins. 1986. “The Modified Compression Field Theory for Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Shear.” <em>ACI Journal</em> 83 (2): 219–31.</p>"
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"value": "<p>You will find out how to apply boundary conditions in the application IDEA StatiCa Detail which uses the <a data-item-id=\"86ad7678-0f7f-452a-8e0d-376ea5797b27\" href=\"\">CSFM (Compatible stress field method)</a>. There are five types of supports, let's find out what are they for.</p>\n<h2>Supports in IDEA StatiCa Detail</h2>\n<h4>Point Distributed Support</h4>\n<p>The first type of support is <strong>point distributed support</strong> which is defined on the edge or within an area of the model where the reaction is distributed. Due to distribution, the stress is not concentrated at one point but distributed over an area. No abrupt changes of stress occur. This type of support is perfect where rotation is enabled, and the stress distribution is uniform under the support, especially <strong>elastomeric</strong> and <strong>pot bridge bearings</strong>. Check out the functionality of <a data-item-id=\"bc5b5556-856a-4f0d-8f32-c4e2de75e237\" href=\"\">partially loaded areas</a> which is compatible only with point-distributed support.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\" data-image-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/76438042-0256-4eee-b9c3-96cc482f48ad/Point%20distributed%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\" data-image-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\" alt=\"Point distributed support\"></figure>\n<h4>Bearing Plate Support</h4>\n<p>The second type of support is called <strong>bearing plate support</strong>. A point reaction is transferred to the model via a steel plate where the plate is not checked, and it serves as a reaction transfer device. The steel plate prevents the occurrence of cracks in concrete and deforms. The dimensions of the plate may affect the results significantly. This kind of support is perfect for structures where a real steel plate is, such as <strong>roller bridge bearing</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\" data-image-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d5dca6f7-506e-49ea-9248-00bd2856aa32/Bearing%20plate%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\" data-image-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\" alt=\"Bearing plate support\"></figure>\n<h4>Line Support</h4>\n<p>The third type of support, which can be considered as universal or more general than these two previous ones, is called <strong>line support</strong>. It acts as a <strong>group of spring supports within a defined length</strong> on the edge or area of the model. Spring stiffness is either default (corresponding to the structure stiffness above the support) or defined by the user. There is a possibility of modeling non-linear support acting in compression only. This kind of support is perfect for any support which does not fit to assumptions of the first two supports (point distributed, bearing plate), especially line supports and spring supports of the piles acting in compression only.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\" data-image-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/41b6a0e5-80c3-4712-bf5b-3fa1cc373c2c/Line%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\" data-image-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\" alt=\"Line support\"></figure>\n<h4>Hanging Support</h4>\n<p>The fourth type of support is the <strong>hanging support</strong>. The support applied at the hanging is converted, according to the rotation, to the supports acting in the axes of each hanging branch, applied at the point where the hanging branches enter the concrete. The part of the hanging protruding from the concrete is not checked. The utilization of such support is quite obvious – precast concrete <strong>lifting anchor system</strong>, especially the site operational loop made from reinforcing steel. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\" data-image-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d68c0c7a-0f69-467d-b9bc-52e66cfa8c7c/Hanging%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\" data-image-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\" alt=\"Hanging support\"></figure>\n<h4>Patch Support</h4>\n<p>The fifth type of support in IDEA StatiCa Detail is <strong>patch support</strong>. It is a point support with a specific area through which the reaction is transferred to the model. The reaction is applied directly to reinforcement, explicitly specified (otherwise, it is applied to a concrete). The utilization of such support is quite obvious – <strong>precast concrete lifting anchor system</strong>, especially steel plate welded to reinforcement, basically all kinds of lifting anchor systems fastened (welded) to reinforcement or supported the anchor against it. Another use of this support is the modeling of the bearing of the ledge beam (indirect support system).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\" data-image-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f6e72c10-0612-4ceb-b2fb-98d198e75fd1/Patch%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\" data-image-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\" alt=\"Patch support\"></figure>\n<p><strong>For a more demonstrative explanation, check the webinar, where all the types of support are explained one by one:</strong></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"cdd07ef9_c42d_01a5_1459_805b95cfbe50\"></object>\n<h2> Tip for advanced users</h2>\n<p>In the previous article, we covered the basic types of supports applicable in IDEA StatiCa Detail. However, it may happen that for specific structures, these basic types are not sufficient.</p>\n<p>We have prepared an article focusing on specific, more advanced topics relevant to anchors, bridge bearings, etc.: <a data-item-id=\"1d52ff19-b6b3-5290-905a-178825f7cdc1\" href=\"\">Supports in IDEA StatiCa Detail - Advanced Topics</a></p>"
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"value": "<p><strong>Compatible Stress Field Method </strong>(CSFM) is an innovative method implemented in IDEA StatiCa Concrete used for the design of reinforced concrete structures. Let’s take a look behind the scenes of our software and see for yourselves that there is no need to be afraid of using CSFM calculations in your projects. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\" data-image-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7fd8d041-20d1-40a8-9a71-eb9cdce27155/7.png\" data-asset-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\" data-image-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Fig: a) Wall with openings b) Shear wall c) Beam with dapped ends and openings d) Bridge pier e) Bridge diaphragm </em></p>\n<p>See the <strong>introduction video about CSFM and IDEA StatiCa Detail</strong>:</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n9cf4be9e_1a16_013b_08ac_786b868df709\"></object>\n<p>CSFM offers much more than just ULS checks. The advanced state of the method is based on <strong>modified compression field theory</strong>, implementation of <strong>tension stiffening</strong>, and distinguishing between stabilized or non-stabilized cracking; hence we <strong>perform SLS checks</strong> of the concrete member. Thus, we can observe <strong>crack width</strong>, <strong>deformation</strong>, and <strong>stresses</strong> corresponding to SLS combinations.</p>\n<p>Watch the recording of a webinar where the theory behind the CSFM was explained in detail. </p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n4a95bf6f_e0a2_0145_b0f4_e9fe78b96928\"></object>\n<p>If you are interested in the method itself, see some more resources:</p>\n<p><strong>Article summarizing the principles</strong> of the method: <a data-item-id=\"eaab962d-ba44-4ee0-8fa7-45193c9f52b5\" href=\"\">CSFM explained</a></p>\n<p><strong>Extensive theoretical background</strong> where you will find in detail the material methods used, how the model is built and meshed, and how the individual values are calculated: <a data-item-id=\"0000c94c-b603-48c4-8d31-bc56d7c95886\" href=\"\">Theoretical Background</a></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>The method (CSFM) is implemented in <a data-item-id=\"4d79cdf4-c6ee-47e8-b4f2-58f4281194bf\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Detail</a>.</p>\n<p><br></p>"
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"value": "<h2>Reinforcement in Partially Loaded Area</h2>\n<p>You can design the reinforcement in the partially loaded area in a more effective way since version 20.1. The reinforcing bars are part of the CSFM model, and the bond between concrete and bars is treated as perfect. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3ab51e56-2e14-40b7-9f70-7ee929f7adeb\" data-image-id=\"3ab51e56-2e14-40b7-9f70-7ee929f7adeb\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f589881a-d9fc-4105-a625-e64020697db3/Partially%20loaded%20areas-reinf.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"3ab51e56-2e14-40b7-9f70-7ee929f7adeb\" data-image-id=\"3ab51e56-2e14-40b7-9f70-7ee929f7adeb\" alt=\"partially loaded areas with reinforcement\"></figure>\n<h2>About Partially Loaded Area</h2>\n<p>This feature is suitable mainly for precast and bridge structural engineers who are dealing with significant reactions in the bearings or concentrated prestressed forces from the tendons in the beams. The benefit is hidden beyond non - conservative design, saving material and money.</p>\n<p>We have figured out how to deal with triaxial stress in partially loaded areas. In these areas crushing of concrete is allowed, and the resistance of concrete in compression can be raised due to transverse confinement according to valid standards (Eurocode). The increase of the resistance can be up to 3 times the cylinder strength of concrete.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b72f7533-5eae-4ccc-8386-af616f712ff6\" data-image-id=\"b72f7533-5eae-4ccc-8386-af616f712ff6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/25769cf9-c38a-4738-860c-948de6a17400/Partially%20loaded%20area%201.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"b72f7533-5eae-4ccc-8386-af616f712ff6\" data-image-id=\"b72f7533-5eae-4ccc-8386-af616f712ff6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The partially loaded area can be found on every structure. Some typical examples are bridge diaphragms with an area above the bearings, areas under the anchor, or concentrated load on the edge of the wall. Partially loaded areas are designed according to the requirements of the Eurocode and simultaneously are restrained by model geometry (openings, thickness, edges, abrupt change of cross-section).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"db666445-daab-4bbd-8f4c-dd0917b61eba\" data-image-id=\"db666445-daab-4bbd-8f4c-dd0917b61eba\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/88696c5a-2fa2-4f08-b3d7-2ae565699c02/Partially%20loaded%20area%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"db666445-daab-4bbd-8f4c-dd0917b61eba\" data-image-id=\"db666445-daab-4bbd-8f4c-dd0917b61eba\" alt=\"Triaxial stress is covered by new feature, which artificially increase the area of the cone and cover this effect.\"></figure>\n<p>The increase of concrete resistance can be considered if the confinement is kept. Due to this condition, reinforcement bars are automatically added to pass the condition regarding confinement and Eurocode provision.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"802e353e-22eb-4418-a1c6-c7c47e4f890c\" data-image-id=\"802e353e-22eb-4418-a1c6-c7c47e4f890c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7fecad0b-e34f-415a-86ce-0b5ddf1b674c/Partially%20loaded%20area%20cone.png\" data-asset-id=\"802e353e-22eb-4418-a1c6-c7c47e4f890c\" data-image-id=\"802e353e-22eb-4418-a1c6-c7c47e4f890c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>This functionality guarantees that models are getting converge and simultaneously comply with design criteria for valid standards (Eurocode). The implemented method is independent of the finite element mesh. <strong>The bearing capacity is increased with</strong> the <strong>changing of the concrete area. The consequence of this state is constant stress along with the height of a cone. </strong>Dispersed fictitious struts affect artificially the stiffness of the cone and correctly redistribute the transverse stress, which appears in this area. The density of each dispersed strut is increased to the direction of the applied load.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"62cc432f-b87c-4de2-b8ca-afd16981510a\" data-image-id=\"62cc432f-b87c-4de2-b8ca-afd16981510a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2a98ab65-1aab-4c54-839b-25a89481479e/Dispersed%20fictitious%20struts.png\" data-asset-id=\"62cc432f-b87c-4de2-b8ca-afd16981510a\" data-image-id=\"62cc432f-b87c-4de2-b8ca-afd16981510a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Known limitations come out from the standards valid in Eurocode.</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Cones cannot coincide</li>\n <li>The area A<sub>c1</sub> and A<sub>c0 </sub>lie on the resultant of the acting force</li>\n</ul>\n<p><br></p>"
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"value": "<h2>Wall</h2>\n<p>The wall is the most general entity that can be defined in your model. There are various cases for which you can use this detail. Now, it's time to explain how. </p>\n<p>First, let's talk about the shape of the element. The wall's shape can be defined as:</p>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Rectangular</strong> </li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>Using this option, all you need to do is to set the element's width, height, thickness, and, if necessary, offset in X direction related to the top left and right corner.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\" data-image-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ac646772-fed5-4840-b262-a991fa509a69/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_rectangular.png\" data-asset-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\" data-image-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Polygon</strong></li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>If you need a more complex topology, the Polygon shape is the way. The geometry can be defined by selecting the Edit shape button in the data window, and then in the wizard using coordinates in X and Z directions related to the global coordinate system. You can add new rows, or delete the existing ones using the right-click into the coordinates table.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\" data-image-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e0275f69-8357-43ba-9450-059d706dff03/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_polygon.png\" data-asset-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\" data-image-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Import DXF</strong> </li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>In case of having a complex shape of the structure or already finished drawings, you can use the import from the DXF file functionality to have the geometry defined quickly. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\" data-image-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bbd926e9-959c-4818-b415-41974097b044/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_DXF1.png\" data-asset-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\" data-image-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Simply click on the Import DXF button, pick the file from your storage, and start selecting the structure's outline. It can be done by choosing the lines individually in the main graphic window, or just a single line and then clicking the Consecutive button from the top ribbon.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\" data-image-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1b2da944-b95d-4d91-8505-211030166867/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_DXF2.png\" data-asset-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\" data-image-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>In the wizard, you can use the full potential of the functionalities in the top ribbon - it is possible to change the units, distinguish three planes - XY, XZ, and YZ in which the drawing is done, set some tolerance and discretization of curved lines, entities numbers, and add openings directly. On top of that, when you make a mistake, you can undo the steps, and clear the selection.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\" data-image-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7282d9d1-51b6-4bb6-b73c-82c5aef23010/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_DXF3.png\" data-asset-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\" data-image-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Moreover, you can even import the geometry together with the reinforcement!</p>\n<p>Now, let's sum up the most important information you need to know for proper wall element definition.</p>\n<ul>\n <li>All types of <a data-item-id=\"5a121972-f384-4f14-8788-9da298e1aae1\" href=\"\"><strong>supports</strong></a> and <strong>transfer devices</strong> can be used for this geometry type.</li>\n <li>It is not possible to add a <a data-item-id=\"aa1a5fc8-a069-4196-9c2e-cde472068193\" href=\"\"><strong>trimmed end</strong></a> of the wall, the structure must be defined as a whole. </li>\n <li>All types of <strong>openings</strong> can be applied.</li>\n <li>And last but not least, the wall entity must have a constant <strong>thickness</strong>.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The whole model can be made up of several separate elements. The software will automatically connect them. The joint between the walls must be free of gaps. Moreover, it is possible to define different thicknesses for each wall element used in the project. See the example in the image below.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\" data-image-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3ce7dc88-9f5e-4dfe-b64d-11dc718b63d7/RC-D_03_01.png\" data-asset-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\" data-image-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Beam</h2>\n<p>This element can be used for various types of beams. It is up to you whether you need to model and analyze the whole beam or just want to focus on a specific area - discontinuity region using the trimmed end option.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\" data-image-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/87a7e44f-524e-4533-b313-482d7ac74b91/QRC-D_03%20Beam_whole%20beam.png\" data-asset-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\" data-image-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Example of a whole saddle beam with openings</em></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Let's say you have already designed and checked the reinforcement in the B-regions, and you want to focus on the discontinuity regions of the beam only, so you won't spend additional time modeling the whole beam. No problem! In this case, it is recommended to model the trimmed beam.</p>\n<p>The beam can be trimmed at:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Beginning</strong></li>\n <li><strong>End</strong></li>\n <li>Or <strong>both</strong> the beginning and end at the same time</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\" data-image-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3e601d9e-4dd4-4bfb-aa41-0f8aff99588e/QRC-D_03%20Beam_trimmed%20end.png\" data-asset-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\" data-image-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Example of a beam with the trimmed end</em></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>When modeling a beam, you can select one of the pre-defined <a data-item-id=\"5cff133b-460c-4bf2-94c2-3957a7b88e47\" href=\"\">cross-sections</a> from the library.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\" data-image-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/98d2b093-7fb0-45e5-853e-2acc3873864b/QRC-D_03%20Beam_cross-sections.png\" data-asset-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\" data-image-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The beam is defined as a 2D element. The cross-section of the beam is used only to set the proper thicknesses. </p>\n<p>Let's check the summary for beam elements:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>All types of <a data-item-id=\"50ed723b-9b87-4870-a69f-e05b5a8a8150\" href=\"\"><strong>supports</strong></a> and <strong>transfer devices</strong> can be used for this geometry type.</li>\n <li>The beam can be <a data-item-id=\"7e9198c1-d161-5c59-9e9b-aed2c2a00408\" href=\"\"><strong>trimmed</strong></a><strong> </strong>at the beginning, end, or both the beginning and end. </li>\n <li>All types of <strong>openings</strong> can be applied.</li>\n <li>The structure can have <strong>haunches</strong> - just select the checkbox in the data window and set the parameters.</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\" data-image-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/04bf59e2-fa45-49eb-b136-7ad3e7c88be3/RC-D_03_02.png\" data-asset-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\" data-image-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Knee joint</h2>\n<p>A knee joint is a type of frame joint - basically the most commonly used D-region. Sometimes, they can be underestimated in the design. However, it is important to pay attention to them. And it can be easy when you have a powerful tool such as the IDEA StatiCa Detail application. </p>\n<p>What's important to know?</p>\n<ul>\n <li>As in the beam element case, also the knee joint is defined using a <a data-item-id=\"5cff133b-460c-4bf2-94c2-3957a7b88e47\" href=\"\"><strong>cross-section</strong></a> selected from the library. </li>\n <li>Compared to wall and beam types, you can't set supports. Only the usage of <a data-item-id=\"aa1a5fc8-a069-4196-9c2e-cde472068193\" href=\"\"><strong>trimmed</strong></a> or <strong>free ends</strong> is allowed in this case. Nevertheless, all types of load transferring devices can be applied to the structure.</li>\n <li>All types of <strong>openings</strong> can be applied.</li>\n <li>The structure can have <strong>haunches</strong> - just select the checkbox in the data window and set the parameters. On top of that, the members can be <strong>inclined</strong> by the wanted angle. </li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\" data-image-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/34573afb-190b-430c-b7bb-01d268959bb0/RC-D_03_03.png\" data-asset-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\" data-image-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The geometry of the knee joint may vary. In the Detail app, you can select from three options to define the most suitable one.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\" data-image-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/74ac2f16-df31-4471-8ef0-3b05a412f654/QRC-D_03%20Knee%20joint_joint%20type.png\" data-asset-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\" data-image-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>To see it in the action, check the image below. These three structures were created by using the same settings, only with different joint types.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\" data-image-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f261ebd1-7854-4d18-808c-6acfc4334d6b/RC-D_03_04.png\" data-asset-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\" data-image-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Cross joint</h2>\n<p>This option is identical to the knee joint. For the characteristics, see the previous paragraph.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\" data-image-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4bb40a71-3067-4cf2-8aa5-71024ddeb7c6/RC-D_03_05.png\" data-asset-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\" data-image-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>There are two types of Cross joints - prismatic beam or prismatic column. The difference is shown in the image below. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\" data-image-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/87cc88dc-5366-4e2c-b264-8cd1619eaeb0/RC-D_03_06.png\" data-asset-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\" data-image-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Diaphragm</h2>\n<p>Diaphragms are exactly the same as walls in terms of the element's definition. For more information, please see the Wall paragraph.</p>\n<p>There are three ways to define the shape:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Two-way bridge </li>\n <li>Highway bridge </li>\n <li>And General - by polyline or imported from the DXF file</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\" data-image-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/87d19f2d-5c10-4531-97a5-0e36f138587b/QRC-D_03%20Diaphragm_types.png\" data-asset-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\" data-image-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>It is important to mention that these details (subregions) can be divided into two groups. The difference between them is in the element's thickness definition:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Walls and Diaphragms - constant thickness </li>\n <li>Beams and Joints - thickness defined by a cross-section</li>\n</ul>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Please be aware that all geometry types mentioned above are in the software considered as 2D elements, thus can transfer only in plane loads, and out of plane forces must be neglected.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n46c56442_ec49_010d_69d5_cea1d05d7dcd\"></object>"
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"value": "<h2>1 New project</h2>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\" data-image-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ae7cb3f1-214d-417c-8224-b6d703b9c794/1_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\" data-image-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Start a <a data-item-id=\"9b7994e5-6207-43cf-9f97-a754d0362241\" href=\"\"><strong>New</strong></a> project in <a data-item-id=\"a0e85d28-23e6-4006-94d6-f334c2be9b67\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Detail</a>.</p>\n<p>In the first step, select the desired class and topology, you can then define the design code (choose <strong>EN</strong>) as well as the concrete grade and cover (use concrete<strong> C30/37</strong> and cover <strong>30 mm</strong>). You can change your choice of material (or add another one) later, nevertheless, the design code can be chosen only in this first step of the project.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\" data-image-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a5663589-fde9-42df-a943-40fbf4014345/1_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\" data-image-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>2 Geometry</h2>\n<p>Start the definition of geometry by changing the cross-section of the <strong>Member</strong> <strong>M1</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\" data-image-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bf1fbecd-1f2e-40cf-9b46-28d0595bb46d/2_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\" data-image-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Define the <strong>I shape with haunched flanges</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\" data-image-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ce99c108-ec5b-430d-800e-5b9edb6f0c27/2_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\" data-image-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Change the width of the flanges and the height of the beam.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\" data-image-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9839e7bd-5471-4883-a4c1-e28609fb85d7/2_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\" data-image-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The <a data-item-id=\"865804fb-a8ac-42df-9ddd-e05404a48c9d\" href=\"\"><strong>opening</strong></a> is enlarged and shifted to the center of the beam.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\" data-image-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/17810c5a-140d-4372-946e-e540cad41f7d/2_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\" data-image-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Read more about the geometry definition in <a data-item-id=\"d687ccdc-e898-489c-91cf-c4d935406d36\" href=\"\"><strong>Geometry types in Detail</strong></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>3 Load effects</h2>\n<p>Let us now define the <strong>Load</strong> of the detail. You can see that two load cases were already automatically created. Change the content of the load cases a little bit.</p>\n<p>For <strong>LC1</strong> (permanent load), change the <strong>Internal forces</strong> so that you input the values of shear force and bending moment at the point of the opening. In <strong>Load Impulses</strong>, keep the value of line load to <strong>-10 kN/m</strong> in global Z-.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\" data-image-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1773c0ed-07fd-440a-9c65-6f322ad14e20/3_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\" data-image-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Similarly, change the values of <strong>Internal forces</strong> for <strong>LC2</strong> (variable load). In <strong>Load impulses</strong>, change the value to <strong>-5 kN/m</strong> in global Z-direction.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\" data-image-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1ed3197b-d918-489b-8613-8fc59e89e9fd/3_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\" data-image-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Three nonlinear combinations were already defined: C1 stands for ULS checks. C2 is a quasi-permanent and C3 a characteristic load combination, both defined for SLS code checks. You can define new combinations if required, there are three types of combinations available for SLS code checks: characteristic, frequent and quasi-permanent. You can select which checks shall be performed for each combination and the partial coefficients for the combination rules can be adjusted as well. In our case we use the predefined combinations.</p>\n<p>The calculations will be performed only for the checked items. Right now we leave all three combinations (C1, C2 and C3) selected.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\" data-image-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e5376849-76d4-498e-953f-fef18b8306dc/3_6.png\" data-asset-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\" data-image-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Learn more about internal forces in <a data-item-id=\"38cbe005-0e1e-4d75-ae8a-2ef9dcee4c2b\" href=\"\">General description of Load impulses in Detail application</a></li>\n <li>Learn more about load impulses in <a data-item-id=\"05ba912c-dc0b-4a2f-9763-099001bbb052\" href=\"\">Internal forces and equilibrium in Detail application</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>4 Reinforcement</h2>\n<p>Once the load has been defined, you can proceed to input the <strong>Reinforcement</strong>. You will use the items created by the template.</p>\n<p>You can change the diameter of stirrups and adjust their distances (the first value corresponds to the distance of the first stirrup from the edge, the other stirrups will be distributed in distances given by the second value).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\" data-image-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e73ef6fa-d511-47c2-b10c-c010ded36316/4_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\" data-image-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Reduce the diameter of bars of reinforcement <strong>RO1</strong> around the opening and the number of layers of horizontal/vertical and diagonal bars. Change the distance between horizontal/vertical bars and also adjust the length of the diagonal bars and anchoring of horizontal/vertical bars.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\" data-image-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/327fd926-94d2-48d3-b417-68f8de3030fc/4_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\" data-image-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The operation <strong>GB1</strong> includes a group of bars at the bottom face of the beam. Change the diameter of bars.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\" data-image-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/605263be-1f0b-480f-9810-a9e18e7f6db2/4_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\" data-image-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Master your reinforcing skills by reading <a data-item-id=\"6fa5f6f4-dd62-4a8b-a85b-77dc223d2e05\" href=\"\">Reinforcement definition in the Detail application</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>5 Calculation and Check</h2>\n<p>Proceed to calculate the project. Continue to <strong>Check</strong> Tab and press the <strong>Calculate</strong> button in the top ribbon.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\" data-image-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5bfb0f66-41ac-4b88-8c00-e7708211994b/5_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\" data-image-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>At the top left of the screen, you can see the overview of all the code checks and the status of the checks (passed/failed).</p>\n<p>In the table on the right, all the detailed results and the amount of permanent and variable load applied can be found. At the moment, the resulting strength check of the concrete in ULS is presented. In the <strong>Results</strong> toolbar, the limit value for the diagram can be changed. Change the value so that only the concrete in compression over <strong>-2 MPa</strong> is marked red.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\" data-image-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2b213a23-c573-4a41-815a-4e8ba256beac/1.png\" data-asset-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\" data-image-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>You can display all the code checks using the buttons in the <strong>Code-check results</strong> toolbar. In the <strong>Summary</strong>, the main results for ULS/SLS are presented. Click for instance on the line in <strong>ULS/Anchorage length</strong> to display the utilization of the bond between concrete and reinforcement (with the most critical spot marked in the figure).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\" data-image-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7ae29cba-2d39-4d59-aa42-d270c02da894/2.png\" data-asset-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\" data-image-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>We open the SLS results by selecting a SLS Combination, e.g. C2 or C3.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\" data-image-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/59cbb2a8-dfb3-4f3e-9bd3-e2991a85a5f0/3.png\" data-asset-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\" data-image-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>To open the detailed results of ULS, click <strong>Strength</strong> in Code-check results. As noted above the table, C1 combination was used to check ULS.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d717738e-3f23-4f4e-99e8-0e6f86b8563c\" data-image-id=\"d717738e-3f23-4f4e-99e8-0e6f86b8563c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/aba8fc13-3fbe-47a8-a281-fe12c1d9f11b/4.png\" data-asset-id=\"d717738e-3f23-4f4e-99e8-0e6f86b8563c\" data-image-id=\"d717738e-3f23-4f4e-99e8-0e6f86b8563c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Again, you can display the results for <strong>Concrete</strong> and also for <strong>Reinforcement</strong> by selecting the corresponding tab above the table. You can select any bar of reinforcement to see its results of analysis and code check.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\" data-image-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d3cbd0bc-46fd-4d9c-8776-d71d9eb4bd21/5.png\" data-asset-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\" data-image-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>More info about ULS results can be found in <a data-item-id=\"dfd7d908-843b-4d1e-8f66-26343a9bf3ff\" href=\"\">General description of ULS results in Detail application</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>The detailed results of SLS can be found under <strong>Stress limitation, </strong><a data-item-id=\"ea994302-6f97-4068-818f-19f6666fdb27\" href=\"\"><strong>Crack</strong></a><strong> width</strong> and <strong>Deflection</strong>. 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The calculated values are compared to the limit value w_{st,lim} which can be edited in the top ribbon.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\" data-image-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a9405f9f-0e01-4e76-ad1c-ae7df7d478c8/7.png\" data-asset-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\" data-image-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>More info about SLS results can be found in <a data-item-id=\"9e7e995c-6e74-422f-af6e-88a8d7fe047f\" href=\"\">General description of SLS results in Detail application</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>6 Report</h2>\n<p>At last, go to the <strong>Report </strong>Tab. 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"value": "<h4>Reinforced concrete wall or deep beams full code-check? No problem!</h4>\n<p>The aim of the webinar is to present how to code-check a <strong>general-shape deep beam</strong> in <strong>IDEA StatiCa Detail</strong> in connection with results from the FEA application in minutes. We will show the workflow on an example of a residential concrete building – exporting the geometry, creating the submodel in IDEA StatiCa Detail, applying the <strong>correct loads</strong>, design of the reinforcement, and the final code-check for both <strong>ultimate and serviceability limit</strong> <strong>states</strong>.</p>\n<p>Try it on your own - get the <a data-item-id=\"0c872071-6a3f-4b99-8cd4-66440db9cc0d\" href=\"\">free Trial license</a> and follow the step-by-step tutorial on <a data-item-id=\"1dc3667d-ddd6-5483-8b97-e7b69923fef7\" href=\"\">Concrete wall</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2a799851-47a8-48ba-a994-6142976c5204\" data-image-id=\"2a799851-47a8-48ba-a994-6142976c5204\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/177694cc-5c91-42cb-b88c-568f900670fe/Code-check%20of%20walls%20and%20deep%20beams.png\" data-asset-id=\"2a799851-47a8-48ba-a994-6142976c5204\" data-image-id=\"2a799851-47a8-48ba-a994-6142976c5204\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>The ultimate solution for concrete details and structural parts</h4>\n<p>Common 3D FEA software considers the linear behavior of concrete. Design and code-checks of reinforcement are limited, especially for the <strong>serviceability limit state</strong> which may lead to the development of <strong>excessive cracks</strong>. All of that is covered within the <a data-item-id=\"42ce7f6b-6491-4224-a01e-c4c0072ed1cd\" href=\"\">CSFM-based</a> application IDEA StatiCa Detail. Now, all engineers can efficiently design and code-check walls or deep beams of any shape and many more.</p>\n<p>If you want to see more of <strong>IDEA StatiCa Detail </strong>in action, there are two other recorded webinars to watch:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"1300fb1c-8e32-47f3-8b21-0e8e77e1f238\" href=\"\">How to design a prestressed beam with openings easily?</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"73d449cf-610e-5c7c-9e8c-da8093630d24\" href=\"\">Cast in situ wall – Ruzomberok (Slovakia)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Or browse our Support center for <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center-tutorials?product=concrete&label=detail\" title=\"IDEA StatiCa Detail\">tutorials</a> and read the <a data-item-id=\"0000c94c-b603-48c4-8d31-bc56d7c95886\" href=\"\">theoretical background.</a></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<h3>Webinar recording</h3>"
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"value": "<p>Теоретические основы IDEA StatiCa Detail – научная работа о Методе Совместимых Полей Напряжений, опубликованная профессором Кауфманном и другими в 2020 году. </p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___general\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___general___reinforc\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___general___finite_e\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___general___verifica\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___verification_accor\"></object>\n<p><br></p>\n<h1>Ссылки</h1>\n<p>ACI Committee 318. 2009a. <em>Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and Commentary</em>. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Alvarez, Manuel. 1998. <em>Einfluss des Verbundverhaltens auf das Verformungsvermögen von Stahlbeton</em>. IBK Bericht 236. Basel: Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion, ETH Zurich, Birkhäuser Verlag.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Beeby, A. W. 1979. “The Prediction of Crack Widths in Hardened Concrete.” <em>The Structural Engineer</em> 57A (1): 9–17.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Broms, Bengt B. 1965. “Crack Width and Crack Spacing In Reinforced Concrete Members.” <em>ACI Journal Proceedings</em> 62 (10): 1237–56. https://doi.org/10.14359/7742.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Burns, C.. 2012. “Serviceability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Members Based on the Tension Chord Model.” IBK Report Nr. 342, Zurich, Switzerland: ETH Zurich.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Crisfield, M. A. 1997. <em>Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Structures</em>. Wiley.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2015. <em>1 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings</em>. Brussels: CEN, 2005.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Fernández Ruiz, M., and A. Muttoni. 2007. “On Development of Suitable Stress Fields for Structural Concrete.” <em>ACI Structural Journal</em> 104 (4): 495–502.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Kaufmann, W., J. Mata-Falcón, M. Weber, T. Galkovski, D. Thong Tran, J. Kabelac, M. Konecny, J. Navratil, M. Cihal, and P. Komarkova. 2020. “<em>Compatible Stress Field Design Of Structural Concrete</em>. Berlin, Germany.”AZ Druck und Datentechnik GmbH, ISBN 978-3-906916-95-8.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Kaufmann, W., and P. Marti. 1998. “Structural Concrete: Cracked Membrane Model.” <em>Journal of Structural Engineering</em> 124 (12): 1467–75. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:12(1467).</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Kaufmann, W.. 1998. “Strength and Deformations of Structural Concrete Subjected to In-Plane Shear and Normal Forces.” Doctoral dissertation, Basel: Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion, ETH Zürich. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7612-4.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Konečný, M., J. Kabeláč, and J. Navrátil. 2017. <em>Use of Topology Optimization in Concrete Reinforcement Design</em>. 24. Czech Concrete Days (2017). ČBS ČSSI. https://resources.ideastatica.com/Content/06_Detail/Verification/Articles/Topology_optimization_US.pdf.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Marti, P. 1985. “Truss Models in Detailing.” <em>Concrete International</em> 7 (12): 66–73.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Marti, P. 2013. <em>Theory of Structures: Fundamentals, Framed Structures, Plates and Shells</em>. First edition. Berlin, Germany: Wiley Ernst & Sohn.</p>\n<p>http://sfx.ethz.ch/sfx_locater?sid=ALEPH:EBI01&genre=book&isbn=9783433029916.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Marti, P., M.Alvarez, W. Kaufmann, and V. Sigrist. 1998. “Tension Chord Model for Structural Concrete.” <em>Structural Engineering International</em> 8 (4): 287–298.</p>\n<p>https://doi.org/10.2749/101686698780488875.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Mata-Falcón, J. 2015. “Serviceability and Ultimate Behaviour of Dapped-End Beams (In Spanish: Estudio Del Comportamiento En Servicio y Rotura de Los Apoyos a Media Madera).” PhD thesis, Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Meier, H. 1983. “Berücksichtigung Des Wirklichkeitsnahen Werkstoffverhaltens Beim Standsicherheitsnachweis Turmartiger Stahlbetonbauwerke.” Institut für Massivbau, Universität Stuttgart.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Navrátil, J., P. Ševčík, L. Michalčík, P. Foltyn, and J. Kabeláč. 2017. <em>A Solution for Walls and Details of Concrete Structures</em>. 24. Czech Concrete Days.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Schlaich, J., K. Schäfer, and M. Jennewein. 1987a. “Toward a Consistent Design of Structural Concrete.” <em>PCI Journal</em> 32 (3): 74–150.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Vecchio, F.J., and M.P. Collins. 1986. “The Modified Compression Field Theory for Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Shear.” <em>ACI Journal</em> 83 (2): 219–31.</p>"
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"value": "<p>You will find out how to apply boundary conditions in the application IDEA StatiCa Detail which uses the <a data-item-id=\"86ad7678-0f7f-452a-8e0d-376ea5797b27\" href=\"\">CSFM (Compatible stress field method)</a>. There are five types of supports, let's find out what are they for.</p>\n<h2>Supports in IDEA StatiCa Detail</h2>\n<h4>Point Distributed Support</h4>\n<p>The first type of support is <strong>point distributed support</strong> which is defined on the edge or within an area of the model where the reaction is distributed. Due to distribution, the stress is not concentrated at one point but distributed over an area. No abrupt changes of stress occur. This type of support is perfect where rotation is enabled, and the stress distribution is uniform under the support, especially <strong>elastomeric</strong> and <strong>pot bridge bearings</strong>. Check out the functionality of <a data-item-id=\"bc5b5556-856a-4f0d-8f32-c4e2de75e237\" href=\"\">partially loaded areas</a> which is compatible only with point-distributed support.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\" data-image-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/76438042-0256-4eee-b9c3-96cc482f48ad/Point%20distributed%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\" data-image-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\" alt=\"Point distributed support\"></figure>\n<h4>Bearing Plate Support</h4>\n<p>The second type of support is called <strong>bearing plate support</strong>. A point reaction is transferred to the model via a steel plate where the plate is not checked, and it serves as a reaction transfer device. The steel plate prevents the occurrence of cracks in concrete and deforms. The dimensions of the plate may affect the results significantly. This kind of support is perfect for structures where a real steel plate is, such as <strong>roller bridge bearing</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\" data-image-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d5dca6f7-506e-49ea-9248-00bd2856aa32/Bearing%20plate%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\" data-image-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\" alt=\"Bearing plate support\"></figure>\n<h4>Line Support</h4>\n<p>The third type of support, which can be considered as universal or more general than these two previous ones, is called <strong>line support</strong>. It acts as a <strong>group of spring supports within a defined length</strong> on the edge or area of the model. Spring stiffness is either default (corresponding to the structure stiffness above the support) or defined by the user. There is a possibility of modeling non-linear support acting in compression only. This kind of support is perfect for any support which does not fit to assumptions of the first two supports (point distributed, bearing plate), especially line supports and spring supports of the piles acting in compression only.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\" data-image-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/41b6a0e5-80c3-4712-bf5b-3fa1cc373c2c/Line%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\" data-image-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\" alt=\"Line support\"></figure>\n<h4>Hanging Support</h4>\n<p>The fourth type of support is the <strong>hanging support</strong>. The support applied at the hanging is converted, according to the rotation, to the supports acting in the axes of each hanging branch, applied at the point where the hanging branches enter the concrete. The part of the hanging protruding from the concrete is not checked. The utilization of such support is quite obvious – precast concrete <strong>lifting anchor system</strong>, especially the site operational loop made from reinforcing steel. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\" data-image-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d68c0c7a-0f69-467d-b9bc-52e66cfa8c7c/Hanging%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\" data-image-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\" alt=\"Hanging support\"></figure>\n<h4>Patch Support</h4>\n<p>The fifth type of support in IDEA StatiCa Detail is <strong>patch support</strong>. It is a point support with a specific area through which the reaction is transferred to the model. The reaction is applied directly to reinforcement, explicitly specified (otherwise, it is applied to a concrete). The utilization of such support is quite obvious – <strong>precast concrete lifting anchor system</strong>, especially steel plate welded to reinforcement, basically all kinds of lifting anchor systems fastened (welded) to reinforcement or supported the anchor against it. Another use of this support is the modeling of the bearing of the ledge beam (indirect support system).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\" data-image-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f6e72c10-0612-4ceb-b2fb-98d198e75fd1/Patch%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\" data-image-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\" alt=\"Patch support\"></figure>\n<p><strong>For a more demonstrative explanation, check the webinar, where all the types of support are explained one by one:</strong></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"cdd07ef9_c42d_01a5_1459_805b95cfbe50\"></object>\n<h2> Tip for advanced users</h2>\n<p>In the previous article, we covered the basic types of supports applicable in IDEA StatiCa Detail. However, it may happen that for specific structures, these basic types are not sufficient.</p>\n<p>We have prepared an article focusing on specific, more advanced topics relevant to anchors, bridge bearings, etc.: <a data-item-id=\"1d52ff19-b6b3-5290-905a-178825f7cdc1\" href=\"\">Supports in IDEA StatiCa Detail - Advanced Topics</a></p>"
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"value": "<p><strong>Compatible Stress Field Method </strong>(CSFM) is an innovative method implemented in IDEA StatiCa Concrete used for the design of reinforced concrete structures. Let’s take a look behind the scenes of our software and see for yourselves that there is no need to be afraid of using CSFM calculations in your projects. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\" data-image-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7fd8d041-20d1-40a8-9a71-eb9cdce27155/7.png\" data-asset-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\" data-image-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Fig: a) Wall with openings b) Shear wall c) Beam with dapped ends and openings d) Bridge pier e) Bridge diaphragm </em></p>\n<p>See the <strong>introduction video about CSFM and IDEA StatiCa Detail</strong>:</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n9cf4be9e_1a16_013b_08ac_786b868df709\"></object>\n<p>CSFM offers much more than just ULS checks. The advanced state of the method is based on <strong>modified compression field theory</strong>, implementation of <strong>tension stiffening</strong>, and distinguishing between stabilized or non-stabilized cracking; hence we <strong>perform SLS checks</strong> of the concrete member. Thus, we can observe <strong>crack width</strong>, <strong>deformation</strong>, and <strong>stresses</strong> corresponding to SLS combinations.</p>\n<p>Watch the recording of a webinar where the theory behind the CSFM was explained in detail. </p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n4a95bf6f_e0a2_0145_b0f4_e9fe78b96928\"></object>\n<p>If you are interested in the method itself, see some more resources:</p>\n<p><strong>Article summarizing the principles</strong> of the method: <a data-item-id=\"eaab962d-ba44-4ee0-8fa7-45193c9f52b5\" href=\"\">CSFM explained</a></p>\n<p><strong>Extensive theoretical background</strong> where you will find in detail the material methods used, how the model is built and meshed, and how the individual values are calculated: <a data-item-id=\"0000c94c-b603-48c4-8d31-bc56d7c95886\" href=\"\">Theoretical Background</a></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>The method (CSFM) is implemented in <a data-item-id=\"4d79cdf4-c6ee-47e8-b4f2-58f4281194bf\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Detail</a>.</p>\n<p><br></p>"
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"value": "<p>The new version of IDEA StatiCa is here! We bring another batch of new features and improvements to enhance the design of your concrete projects. No matter how complex is your concrete project, IDEA StatiCa delivers:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Complete code-checks</li>\n <li>Advanced analysis types</li>\n <li>The unlimited topology of cross-sections and reinforcement layout</li>\n <li>All 2D concrete details</li>\n <li>Reports that get the project done</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Our users currently do this through separate applications - Detail, RCS, and Beam. We are thrilled to introduce you to a brand new application in IDEA StatiCa Concrete - <strong>Member</strong>. It will unify all the design and code-checks of all reinforced concrete members in one place, integrated into your FEA software. Member will be available in BETA for all users with any concrete license of IDEA StatiCa.</p>\n<p>Besides this whole new app, you can find improvements in our code-checking engines:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Partially loaded areas</li>\n <li>Fatigue check</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Next to that, we prepared some improvements on the <strong>IDEA StatiCa licensing</strong> to enable you flexible and comfortable license management. </p>\n<p>We hope you will enjoy all our new features and improvements and would love to hear your feedback anytime. </p>\n<p>Calculate yesterday’s estimates!</p>"
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"value": "<p>Release 20.1 brings a new application for Concrete design - Concrete Member BETA. Model, reinforce, and code-check a critical concrete member in minutes. </p>\n<h2>Geometry</h2>\n<p>Thanks to our new application, the user can easily design and assess spatial reinforced concrete structures consisted of 1-D elements, <strong>beams</strong> and <strong>columns</strong>. In the future, it will be possible to analyze structural 3-D members of any topology.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d1af910f-dd63-4e10-a160-680ff55b49a6\" data-image-id=\"d1af910f-dd63-4e10-a160-680ff55b49a6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c0124ac5-cca4-4c47-a02d-376dd381631a/Geometry.png\" data-asset-id=\"d1af910f-dd63-4e10-a160-680ff55b49a6\" data-image-id=\"d1af910f-dd63-4e10-a160-680ff55b49a6\" alt=\"Geometry of concrete member\"></figure>\n<h2>Load</h2>\n<p>The load can be applied in the direction of any member axis via the line load. Endpoints of related members can be subjected to point forces (and moments) that represent nodal forces obtained from global analysis.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b9f3b0d7-f70c-444e-a7d0-15beb1cca1cc\" data-image-id=\"b9f3b0d7-f70c-444e-a7d0-15beb1cca1cc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b7dd3740-550b-4ac9-b959-204d964e5125/loads.png\" data-asset-id=\"b9f3b0d7-f70c-444e-a7d0-15beb1cca1cc\" data-image-id=\"b9f3b0d7-f70c-444e-a7d0-15beb1cca1cc\" alt=\"Line load on concrete member\"></figure>\n<h2>Reinforcement</h2>\n<p>Using our well-known dialog, the user can design longitudinal reinforcement and stirrups in each member. The predefined templates can speed up the whole process of reinforcement design. Every group of longitudinal reinforcement, as well as stirrups, can be easily edited in the Property window. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"efb2f9f7-ed60-4132-b0f6-3ae453d5f6eb\" data-image-id=\"efb2f9f7-ed60-4132-b0f6-3ae453d5f6eb\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/050aeadb-b26a-493f-b420-d4e379e08a4c/Reinforcement%20editor.png\" data-asset-id=\"efb2f9f7-ed60-4132-b0f6-3ae453d5f6eb\" data-image-id=\"efb2f9f7-ed60-4132-b0f6-3ae453d5f6eb\" alt=\"Reinforcement editor in concrete member\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>You can define several reinforcement zones along the length of the member and create a complicated reinforcement layout including <strong>various spacing of the stirrups</strong> and <strong>longitudinal reinforcing bars lengths</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5f1641eb-3368-44c5-8c6b-d169a502e69a\" data-image-id=\"5f1641eb-3368-44c5-8c6b-d169a502e69a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/da0294c2-e1c9-49f1-93cb-efc1c6a249af/reinforcement.png\" data-asset-id=\"5f1641eb-3368-44c5-8c6b-d169a502e69a\" data-image-id=\"5f1641eb-3368-44c5-8c6b-d169a502e69a\" alt=\"reinforcement layout\"></figure>\n<h2>Analysis </h2>\n<p>Several different analysis types will be available for one structural model. Currently, only <strong>Linear analysis</strong> can be performed, but other types of analysis will be implemented in the following releases. </p>\n<p>Four types of analyses will be available to analyze concrete members. Now, a <strong>linear analysis</strong> can be run in Concrete Member Beta, the other three types of analyses are in development or in the stage of their final tunning. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ef02ea2f-eb2c-407c-8792-3389c290973a\" data-image-id=\"ef02ea2f-eb2c-407c-8792-3389c290973a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/8d0fb810-fec0-4e46-bcdf-d1717695093c/analysis.png\" data-asset-id=\"ef02ea2f-eb2c-407c-8792-3389c290973a\" data-image-id=\"ef02ea2f-eb2c-407c-8792-3389c290973a\" alt=\"four analysis in IDEA StatiCA: linear analysis, GMNA, CSFM 2D, CSFM 3D\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<ul>\n <li>Linear analysis (LA): implemented in Concrete Member Beta</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b4dcc2b5-67ee-4eea-af28-d6ae214ff1c7\" data-image-id=\"b4dcc2b5-67ee-4eea-af28-d6ae214ff1c7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d312cd32-5d17-47c9-8ca2-9a7ace46a38b/linear%20analysis.png\" data-asset-id=\"b4dcc2b5-67ee-4eea-af28-d6ae214ff1c7\" data-image-id=\"b4dcc2b5-67ee-4eea-af28-d6ae214ff1c7\" alt=\"linear analysis in concrete member\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<ul>\n <li>Geometrically and materially non-linear analysis, including thermal analysis (GMNA): in development</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1df6bc15-e233-4ff9-8381-65342c2eb4c6\" data-image-id=\"1df6bc15-e233-4ff9-8381-65342c2eb4c6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/69989318-5ed5-4f91-9ce5-a535f0e94857/GMNA.png\" data-asset-id=\"1df6bc15-e233-4ff9-8381-65342c2eb4c6\" data-image-id=\"1df6bc15-e233-4ff9-8381-65342c2eb4c6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<ul>\n <li>Compatible stress field method 2D (CSFM 2D): developed/improving (CSFM is available in IDEA StatiCa Detail)</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bce6d4bc-f477-4a5c-a494-9a11b23430aa\" data-image-id=\"bce6d4bc-f477-4a5c-a494-9a11b23430aa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/fafdfe0b-ef04-4243-9ee9-b0fba3f4f4a5/CSFM2D.png\" data-asset-id=\"bce6d4bc-f477-4a5c-a494-9a11b23430aa\" data-image-id=\"bce6d4bc-f477-4a5c-a494-9a11b23430aa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<ul>\n <li>Compatible stress field method 3D (CSFM 3D): in development</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"719adb70-3ab9-4e1d-9943-af558f4cf2e4\" data-image-id=\"719adb70-3ab9-4e1d-9943-af558f4cf2e4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/fb1739f5-67b0-44d8-ad91-35bb500dc05e/CSFM3D.png\" data-asset-id=\"719adb70-3ab9-4e1d-9943-af558f4cf2e4\" data-image-id=\"719adb70-3ab9-4e1d-9943-af558f4cf2e4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<h2>Section check </h2>\n<p>After linear analysis, the user can run a detailed section check using the application RCS, which automatically chooses the most utilized sections on analyzed members and assess them.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2bebe845-288a-45c4-ae7d-3cdd7938f72a\" data-image-id=\"2bebe845-288a-45c4-ae7d-3cdd7938f72a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/dbb35596-824d-42bc-9b77-7dcd0e4af5bf/section%20check.png\" data-asset-id=\"2bebe845-288a-45c4-ae7d-3cdd7938f72a\" data-image-id=\"2bebe845-288a-45c4-ae7d-3cdd7938f72a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Available in <strong>Expert </strong>and <strong>Enhanced </strong>edition.</p>"
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"value": "<p>SLS checks in IDEA StatiCa automatically take into account the influence of the r<sub>inf</sub> and r<sub>sup</sub> coefficients defined in EN 1992-1-1; 5.10.9 (1) for prestressing effects. Therefore, it is not necessary to consider these effects in combination factors in the Beam application or in 3rd party software used for import.</p>\n<p>In the following figure, you can see the results in the RCS application where the supremum and infimum effects are marked.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b91d541b-f653-4e87-af5d-77164eb6543f\" data-image-id=\"b91d541b-f653-4e87-af5d-77164eb6543f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/eb0c3702-c267-4588-ab38-09b070afeb35/Rinf%20Rsup_03.png\" data-asset-id=\"b91d541b-f653-4e87-af5d-77164eb6543f\" data-image-id=\"b91d541b-f653-4e87-af5d-77164eb6543f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>So what will happen if we use the coefficients in combinations? Let's have a look at it.</p>\n<h2>Beam</h2>\n<p>The combination factor defined by the user for prestressing load case in the Beam application is considered just for presented diagrams of internal forces. The coefficient will not influence the stress in the tendons and the internal forces which go to the code-check (as shown above).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"067ee6e8-0449-47dc-8103-73a3ea27caa4\" data-image-id=\"067ee6e8-0449-47dc-8103-73a3ea27caa4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3a6de7a3-e9b2-4a32-b68c-a55d1dd8b0f5/Rinf%20Rsup_04.png\" data-asset-id=\"067ee6e8-0449-47dc-8103-73a3ea27caa4\" data-image-id=\"067ee6e8-0449-47dc-8103-73a3ea27caa4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>In other words, for code-check purposes, the effects of prestressing are defined by the area of the tendon and its initial stress. The combination factor for code checks is always equal to one.</p>\n<h2>BIM - import</h2>\n<p>In combinations of the global model, the coefficients of load cases containing prestress should be equal to 1.0. The coefficients <em>r</em><em><sub>sup</sub></em> and <em>r</em><em><sub>inf</sub></em> will be applied as described above.</p>\n<h2>How to influence the value of the coefficients?</h2>\n<p>The coefficients are defined by the code. You can influence the value by changing the national annexe or altering the value in Code and calculation settings in the RCS application. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9364513f-c31d-4cf0-be3a-46e635cb3faa\" data-image-id=\"9364513f-c31d-4cf0-be3a-46e635cb3faa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/cd6ac36b-e78e-4ecc-943e-33119ccbbb07/rsup%20rinf%20code.png\" data-asset-id=\"9364513f-c31d-4cf0-be3a-46e635cb3faa\" data-image-id=\"9364513f-c31d-4cf0-be3a-46e635cb3faa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Read more about code settings in <a data-item-id=\"4c296380-45bb-40ec-ac2f-2ce0a0d47c84\" href=\"\"><strong>Code and calculation settings in RCS</strong></a></li>\n</ul>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"take_idea_statica_24_0_for_a_test_drive_today\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>There are four tabs focused on SLS results in the application.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Overall results</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Stress Limitation</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Crack Width</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Detailing</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p>In the first tab, you can find a brief overview of the Overall results. You will see only the results of the analysis you selected using calculation control. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8b8a40c7-ad5e-4088-aa38-1615c9559c1c\" data-image-id=\"8b8a40c7-ad5e-4088-aa38-1615c9559c1c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/da6079fd-4c24-428a-b8df-b9d8331fb0f0/rcb_05_03_01.png\" data-asset-id=\"8b8a40c7-ad5e-4088-aa38-1615c9559c1c\" data-image-id=\"8b8a40c7-ad5e-4088-aa38-1615c9559c1c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The rest of the tabs are dedicated to individual checks. But before looking at them, we need to understand the assumptions of the calculation. Therefore please go through the article: <a data-item-id=\"6fcefe69-5439-4ac1-af76-f388fab9b968\" href=\"\">Calculation Assumptions for SLS</a>. With this knowledge, we can then continue and go through the individual results step by step.</p>\n<h2>Stress Limitation</h2>\n<p>First, there is Stress Limitation Check. This calculation provides a comparison of the calculated stress with limit values according to Eurocode. How specific values are obtained and what basic cases (in terms of stress limit) we solve, you can find in the article: <a data-item-id=\"27c146c7-45d0-47d3-b354-a8e4059db365\" href=\"\">Stress Limitation Check</a>. </p>\n<p>We'll explore how to work with the results and how to eventually influence them as soon as we've got some idea of the layout and display options. </p>\n<h4>Layout</h4>\n<p>Check to Top Ribbon, the part Setting is dedicated to Code and Project Data. It is the same for all the steps of the workflow. </p>\n<p>The following parts are already different. Notice the figure below, there are marked options for adjusting the graphical presentation of the result:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a0ff777a-fec0-4165-8f83-d3f70869cb80\" data-image-id=\"a0ff777a-fec0-4165-8f83-d3f70869cb80\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1f542c41-10ca-4661-b12e-b3f6b8ebebf6/rcb_050302.png\" data-asset-id=\"a0ff777a-fec0-4165-8f83-d3f70869cb80\" data-image-id=\"a0ff777a-fec0-4165-8f83-d3f70869cb80\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Options Description:</p>\n<ol>\n <li>Option to switch between 2D and 3D view. For the 2D view, we can decide if we want to see a rotated cross-section or the result inside/outside of the cross-section. </li>\n <li>The tab is used to switch off/on the strain diagram for the concrete and reinforcement section and its size adjustments.</li>\n <li>The tab is used to switch off/on the stress diagram for the concrete and reinforcement section and its size adjustments.</li>\n <li>The option to display extreme values of the diagrams, all or none.</li>\n <li>As next, we can modify the filling of the diagram.</li>\n <li>The following two buttons allow us to switch on/off dimension lines.</li>\n <li>The last part is dedicated to the cross-section. We have the option to display bar and fibres numbers and modify their position. We can also display Extreme bar and fibre.</li>\n</ol>\n<h4>Calculation</h4>\n<p>The rest buttons from the top ribbon are related to the calculation itself.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"33728ffb-b234-4560-aac0-b5b4a475e8d2\" data-image-id=\"33728ffb-b234-4560-aac0-b5b4a475e8d2\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/77d90fc7-bc8e-4bec-a13d-2683df29426f/rcb_050303.png\" data-asset-id=\"33728ffb-b234-4560-aac0-b5b4a475e8d2\" data-image-id=\"33728ffb-b234-4560-aac0-b5b4a475e8d2\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>For the stress limitation, we have 4 code checks, as mentioned at the beginning of the chapter. The first two checks, according to 7.2 (2) and 7.2 (3), are done for both cases: With or without the influence of the long-term effects (rheology of concrete). </p>\n<p>For the short-term effects, the modulus of elasticity <em>E</em><em><sub>cm</sub></em> is used. </p>\n<p>For the long-term effects, the effective modulus of elasticity <em>E</em><em><sub>c,eff</sub></em><em> = E</em><em><sub>cm</sub></em><em>/(1+φ)</em> is used. Where <em>φ</em> is the creep factor.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f6d89cc7-2655-4481-9694-2e4c14171cde\" data-image-id=\"f6d89cc7-2655-4481-9694-2e4c14171cde\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d32e0630-8ffc-4e4f-b9d9-7546acb55672/rcb_050304.png\" data-asset-id=\"f6d89cc7-2655-4481-9694-2e4c14171cde\" data-image-id=\"f6d89cc7-2655-4481-9694-2e4c14171cde\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The long-term effects are thus included in the creep.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"64772e5a-aac8-421b-ba6c-f7a363681409\" data-image-id=\"64772e5a-aac8-421b-ba6c-f7a363681409\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d3e1e0eb-519c-443d-a338-bd52bd9fbd82/rcb_050305.png\" data-asset-id=\"64772e5a-aac8-421b-ba6c-f7a363681409\" data-image-id=\"64772e5a-aac8-421b-ba6c-f7a363681409\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The creep factor can be Calculated by the software (default option) or can be set manually in <a data-item-id=\"953a0c24-4990-44c2-8f09-492e6a115342\" href=\"\">Design Member</a>. Please be aware that in the RCS, the linear calculation is used for the creep factor.</p>\n<p>The code-check is provided by a comparison of the calculated stress in the concrete and in reinforcement with limit values according to EN 1992-1-1 7.2. </p>\n<h4>Tip for advanced users</h4>\n<p>There is an option how to influence the results when the limit is exceeded for 7.2 (3). It is allowed to consider a higher value of the k<sub>2</sub> factor when the nonlinear calculation of the creep factor is considered. </p>\n<p>You can change the value of k<sub>2</sub> in the Code setting:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8d4b3031-c81b-49b6-8d6d-2c4b219daef5\" data-image-id=\"8d4b3031-c81b-49b6-8d6d-2c4b219daef5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/db9228cf-066d-4924-91bc-15a984a177d5/rcb_050307.png\" data-asset-id=\"8d4b3031-c81b-49b6-8d6d-2c4b219daef5\" data-image-id=\"8d4b3031-c81b-49b6-8d6d-2c4b219daef5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>But remember that it is necessary to determine the creep factor more precisely.</p>\n<p>Let's summarize the options we have:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>The creep coefficient is Calculated by software using linear calculation. Then factor k<sub>2</sub> = 0.45 (set by default) has to be used. </li>\n <li>The creep coefficient is set as User input. When considering the nonlinear creep, we can increase the factor to k<sub>2</sub> = 0.6.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Crack Width</h2>\n<p>If the concrete stress is higher than the concrete tensile strength, the section is considered as a cracked one. And the next code check from the SLS check is the crack width.</p>\n<p>See the <a data-item-id=\"5b51a310-2eed-4d41-aea8-3b1a41713f43\" href=\"\">Theoretical background - Cracks</a> for the theory, assumptions, and how the crack width calculation is implemented in RCS. </p>\n<p>For complete understanding, it is also recommended to read the following article: <a data-item-id=\"754996ca-bca4-4953-aac7-de7b6aa4598a\" href=\"\">Crack width check of cross-sections with a large concrete cover</a>.</p>\n<p>The code-check of the crack width is provided by comparing the calculated width w<sub>k</sub> with the width w<sub>lim</sub> according to 7.3.1 (5). </p>\n<p>Implemented limits can be found in the Code setting. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d5020bf7-1c0f-4299-875e-f39c3aa7666f\" data-image-id=\"d5020bf7-1c0f-4299-875e-f39c3aa7666f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a67cf91d-0968-43b2-b875-dd2aa3360b37/rcb_050308.png\" data-asset-id=\"d5020bf7-1c0f-4299-875e-f39c3aa7666f\" data-image-id=\"d5020bf7-1c0f-4299-875e-f39c3aa7666f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Detailing</h2>\n<p>Detailing is the last code-check from the SLS checks.</p>\n<p>The internal forces for which the check is made are listed at the beginning of the table.</p>\n<p>The following are the conditions of the check. All are taken from the Eurocode. The reference to the specific article is always given next to the title.</p>\n<p>This is followed by information on the values used in the calculation based on the input data.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a301b9df-d0db-44fa-b268-a014b56863a0\" data-image-id=\"a301b9df-d0db-44fa-b268-a014b56863a0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bdcb5153-0845-4965-a975-0cb9233994d5/rcb_050309.png\" data-asset-id=\"a301b9df-d0db-44fa-b268-a014b56863a0\" data-image-id=\"a301b9df-d0db-44fa-b268-a014b56863a0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Tip for advanced users</h4>\n<p>It may happen that in order to speed up the design, we enter into RCS the simplified scheme of the reinforcement. In this case, we recommend switching Detailing off in Calculation Control and checking it manually according to more detailed drawings.</p>"
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"value": "<p>There are five tabs for ULS results in the application.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Capacity N-M-M</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Shear</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Torsion</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Interaction</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Response N-M-M</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Before we go through them let's look at the Overall result where you can find all selected results (by using calculation control) with corresponding internal forces.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"82776974-6cef-4d9f-be99-eff926a2db1a\" data-image-id=\"82776974-6cef-4d9f-be99-eff926a2db1a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f76b5dbd-bb24-49d3-bb63-5048434a9fdd/RC-B_06_13.png\" data-asset-id=\"82776974-6cef-4d9f-be99-eff926a2db1a\" data-image-id=\"82776974-6cef-4d9f-be99-eff926a2db1a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Capacity N-M-M</h2>\n<p>The first tab is the Capacity N-M-M check. This type of calculation provides a check of the interaction between normal force and bending moments. If you want to know the theory behind it, read this article: <a data-item-id=\"fa1ccbb4-2aaf-4470-872c-01deea75f006\" href=\"\"><strong>Bending</strong></a>.</p>\n<p>As was written in the introduction. The article is focused on practical usage. So let's have a look at ways how to display this type of result. Listed below are three display settings that can be combined with each other.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Diagram type</strong>\n <ul>\n <li>Interaction sections </li>\n <li>ULS eccentricity</li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n <li><strong>Type of results</strong>\n <ul>\n <li>for Extreme</li>\n <li>for Section</li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n <li><strong>Evaluation of interaction diagram</strong>\n <ul>\n <li>NuMuMu</li>\n <li>NuMM</li>\n <li>NMuMu</li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8d74aef7-49c2-48aa-8541-ee7b7edf4b47\" data-image-id=\"8d74aef7-49c2-48aa-8541-ee7b7edf4b47\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f71d514f-396b-4f7d-945e-e169d695f8de/RC-B_06_14.png\" data-asset-id=\"8d74aef7-49c2-48aa-8541-ee7b7edf4b47\" data-image-id=\"8d74aef7-49c2-48aa-8541-ee7b7edf4b47\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Let's go over the options for combinations of display settings.</p>\n<h3>Interaction sections + Extreme</h3>\n<p>At first, we start with the <strong>Interaction sections</strong> displayed for the <strong>current extreme</strong>. In the toolbar Interaction surface section, you can display four sections of an interaction surface. </p>\n<ul>\n <li>My - Mz -> horizontal surface</li>\n <li>N - M resultant -> according to the current ratio between My and Mz</li>\n <li>N - My -> vertical surface on y-axis</li>\n <li>N - Mz -> vertical surface on z-axis</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"585e7199-f633-484b-848b-240ad3fc5b82\" data-image-id=\"585e7199-f633-484b-848b-240ad3fc5b82\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3b125f5b-ecf1-4694-a464-fd1fbc5efac8/RC-B_06_15.png\" data-asset-id=\"585e7199-f633-484b-848b-240ad3fc5b82\" data-image-id=\"585e7199-f633-484b-848b-240ad3fc5b82\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ab27f060-081b-4cf3-8303-26d57322e1ec\" data-image-id=\"ab27f060-081b-4cf3-8303-26d57322e1ec\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/645ea1b5-5d5a-4f25-8854-9a354d50549e/RC-B_06_16.png\" data-asset-id=\"ab27f060-081b-4cf3-8303-26d57322e1ec\" data-image-id=\"ab27f060-081b-4cf3-8303-26d57322e1ec\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>You can also decide if you want to see loads or the ultimate point in the diagram. It can be changed in the top ribbon in the Draw points toolbar.</p>\n<p>In the Grid of interaction surface sections toolbar, you can adjust the grid of the interaction diagrams.</p>\n<p>And the interaction diagrams can be also exported to the text file or to the spreadsheet. To do it use tools in the Interaction diagram export toolbar.</p>\n<h4>Evaluation of interaction diagram</h4>\n<p>There are three methods to evaluate interaction diagram. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"03bac79f-b627-4add-83e4-1f9f3e215d1f\" data-image-id=\"03bac79f-b627-4add-83e4-1f9f3e215d1f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/00b9e293-5541-4648-a2fb-eea67c94a21c/RC-B_06_17.png\" data-asset-id=\"03bac79f-b627-4add-83e4-1f9f3e215d1f\" data-image-id=\"03bac79f-b627-4add-83e4-1f9f3e215d1f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>NuMuMu</strong> - cross-sectional resistance is determined assuming a proportional change of all components of acting internal forces.</p>\n<p><strong>NuMM</strong> -<strong> </strong>cross-sectional resistance is determined assuming constant bending moments.</p>\n<p><strong>NMuMu</strong> - cross-sectional resistance is determined assuming constant normal force.</p>\n<h3>Interaction sections + Section</h3>\n<p>Secondly, we can display Interaction sections for more extremes. To do it simply change the Type of results in the top ribbon. You will then see all the extremes drawn to one (or more) interaction section. If the interaction sections differ for individual extremes, you can get the program to display them with different colours. It can be done in the top ribbon in the Colour settings toolbar. You can also limit the number of displayed diagrams in the Drawing settings toolbar.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f205a0b0-e1c9-48f4-b6dc-43c284d1660c\" data-image-id=\"f205a0b0-e1c9-48f4-b6dc-43c284d1660c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/72f58eef-689f-4538-88a7-2d6d67cdb827/RC-B_06_18.png\" data-asset-id=\"f205a0b0-e1c9-48f4-b6dc-43c284d1660c\" data-image-id=\"f205a0b0-e1c9-48f4-b6dc-43c284d1660c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>ULS eccentricity</h3>\n<p>Finally, you can display the diagram of an eccentricity of normal force depending on normal forces. It can be again displayed for Extreme or for Section. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"303a896d-a3e8-460f-af0b-f97a3c0f20e9\" data-image-id=\"303a896d-a3e8-460f-af0b-f97a3c0f20e9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7e1b15ea-8e42-4245-853f-89af44ef9752/RC-B_06_19.png\" data-asset-id=\"303a896d-a3e8-460f-af0b-f97a3c0f20e9\" data-image-id=\"303a896d-a3e8-460f-af0b-f97a3c0f20e9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Shear</h2>\n<p>The second tab for ULS checks is the Shear. All of the calculations are done according to EN 1992-1-1 article 6.2. You can control the theta angle at the top ribbon. This angle governs the inclination between concrete struts and the beam axis perpendicular to the shear force. Or you can use the Strut optimization function, which can find the most effective angle automatically. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3a0f2815-204e-4763-9aa7-1e96dd08b6f7\" data-image-id=\"3a0f2815-204e-4763-9aa7-1e96dd08b6f7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e385fbfc-4c5d-45ec-a5b2-d1db90b2652e/RC-B_06_20.png\" data-asset-id=\"3a0f2815-204e-4763-9aa7-1e96dd08b6f7\" data-image-id=\"3a0f2815-204e-4763-9aa7-1e96dd08b6f7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>You can of course calculate the Shear capacity for both directions, but you have to be aware of the angle between the in-plane gradient of the strain plane and the resultant shear forces. The program can automatically calculate the effective depth of the cross-section <em>d</em>, inner lever arm <em>z</em>, and the effective width <em>b</em><em><sub>w</sub></em>, but if the angle exceeds 20 degrees, the values of effective depth and lever arm and consequently strength in shear could be affected. So it is recommended to set these values manually in the Reinforcement editor -> User settings -> Cross-section.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"92f75867-bd21-402b-accf-37ad06c8ec53\" data-image-id=\"92f75867-bd21-402b-accf-37ad06c8ec53\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2f641c22-813c-4c3a-ba44-3e6c9c5859cd/RC-B_06_21.png\" data-asset-id=\"92f75867-bd21-402b-accf-37ad06c8ec53\" data-image-id=\"92f75867-bd21-402b-accf-37ad06c8ec53\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Read the following article to know - <a data-item-id=\"20140238-707b-59c0-86f2-a824eaf6787a\" href=\"\"><strong>How to set the lever arm properly</strong></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>If you want to know what is behind read the following article: <a data-item-id=\"a42a6426-b702-4eba-b703-d55b11365bad\" href=\"\"><strong>Shear</strong></a>. In the <strong>Lever arm of internal forces</strong> chapter, you can find an explanation of why to set manually the values of effective depth and lever arm.</p>\n<p>Another important topic is the evaluation of the shear in circular sections. Read the following article to learn how IDEA StatiCa RCS can solve such an issue - <a data-item-id=\"6f90f137-b429-4f05-8c59-2f834c651a95\" href=\"\"><strong>Shear in RCS - circular cross-sections</strong></a></p>\n<h2>Torsion</h2>\n<p>The next tab for ULS checks is the Torsion. All of the calculations are done according to EN 1992-1-1 article 6.3. The theta angle is of course shared with the shear check and can be defined in the top ribbon as well as in the shear check. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"eff167ad-ad28-4bd1-b3b6-d83c43efc83f\" data-image-id=\"eff167ad-ad28-4bd1-b3b6-d83c43efc83f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e1e8b01d-c1cd-4cfc-bed1-f7170844acc9/RC-B_06_22.png\" data-asset-id=\"eff167ad-ad28-4bd1-b3b6-d83c43efc83f\" data-image-id=\"eff167ad-ad28-4bd1-b3b6-d83c43efc83f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The equivalent thin-walled section can be created automatically based on the selected stirrup. If the situation is simple as in the following figure, there is no problem.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"23e28d0b-1d85-4dba-b922-0d73373a0469\" data-image-id=\"23e28d0b-1d85-4dba-b922-0d73373a0469\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d209c3e4-6257-44c7-b948-a99c4be4ad43/RC-B_06_23.png\" data-asset-id=\"23e28d0b-1d85-4dba-b922-0d73373a0469\" data-image-id=\"23e28d0b-1d85-4dba-b922-0d73373a0469\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>But in the case of complicated cross-sections like box girder bridges or general shapes, where multiple stirrups are usually defined for torsion, the automatic creation of the equivalent thin-walled section is not enough. In that case, go to Reinforcement editor -> User settings -> Torsion and do the manual input.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f2e5585a-4978-4ec9-9761-1528048bebf2\" data-image-id=\"f2e5585a-4978-4ec9-9761-1528048bebf2\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1ef86159-2d5b-4d31-888c-2d1ba36aee30/RC-B_06_24.png\" data-asset-id=\"f2e5585a-4978-4ec9-9761-1528048bebf2\" data-image-id=\"f2e5585a-4978-4ec9-9761-1528048bebf2\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Again the theory behind the torsion calculation is described in the following article: <a data-item-id=\"0f49a9be-8632-4dc8-ad0d-c692a14ab752\" href=\"\"><strong>Torsion</strong></a>.</p>\n<h2>Interaction</h2>\n<p>The interaction between shear force and torsion can be calculated as well as the interaction between shear torsion and bending. You can check concrete, shear reinforcement and longitudinal reinforcement. All theory about interaction is described in the following article: <a data-item-id=\"1dd237d8-efd5-4460-9bb9-b72a65dbef5d\" href=\"\"><strong>Interaction</strong></a></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c0ab7116-0afc-419f-a2db-36b56104b85b\" data-image-id=\"c0ab7116-0afc-419f-a2db-36b56104b85b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b08ea329-0fbb-4e64-ae4a-f5f6e63ce810/RC-B_06_25.png\" data-asset-id=\"c0ab7116-0afc-419f-a2db-36b56104b85b\" data-image-id=\"c0ab7116-0afc-419f-a2db-36b56104b85b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>But the question is: Is it necessary to always check the interaction between all of the forces (V+T+M)? If not, where should I check what?</p>\n<p>You have to check N-M-M capacity everywhere of course. But what about shear? Follow article 6.2.3 (5) from EN 1992-1-1 where you can read that you don't have to always use the full value of the shear force to check the shear reinforcement.</p>\n<p>For longitudinal reinforcement above support, the entire interaction is not always necessary as well. To learn more read article 6.2.3 (7) from EN 1992-1-1. To exclude the additional tensile force in the longitudinal reinforcement due to shear go to Navigator -> Design member and turn on Limited interaction check.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"28f9456c-35b7-4a6b-b0e3-50c359134105\" data-image-id=\"28f9456c-35b7-4a6b-b0e3-50c359134105\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1027c071-381e-42db-b817-dc98e7a61394/RC-B_06_26.png\" data-asset-id=\"28f9456c-35b7-4a6b-b0e3-50c359134105\" data-image-id=\"28f9456c-35b7-4a6b-b0e3-50c359134105\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>After that, you still have to choose the combination for the limited interaction check. It can be done in Navigator -> Internal forces.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a94ae749-3f49-4ec6-9cc7-86bf7293afc0\" data-image-id=\"a94ae749-3f49-4ec6-9cc7-86bf7293afc0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/68271571-4736-44cf-a975-0dd0667c75b4/RC-B_06_27.png\" data-asset-id=\"a94ae749-3f49-4ec6-9cc7-86bf7293afc0\" data-image-id=\"a94ae749-3f49-4ec6-9cc7-86bf7293afc0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Read the following article where you can find how <strong>the longitudinal force caused by shear and torsion is applied to the cross-section</strong>.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"808008d4-d25a-403f-a4cd-ed61e1c71203\" href=\"\"><strong>Interaction code-check improvements </strong></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Response N-M-M</h2>\n<p>This type of calculation can find the response of the cross-section when the load is applied. The results (stress and strain) are then compared with the limits determined by the ultimate limit strain method.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f28107d1-1db9-4d8b-bcff-a7264b14f7ca\" data-image-id=\"f28107d1-1db9-4d8b-bcff-a7264b14f7ca\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/78d7ee2e-4f85-4e97-9a7f-bc8474c6dc07/RC-B_06_30.png\" data-asset-id=\"f28107d1-1db9-4d8b-bcff-a7264b14f7ca\" data-image-id=\"f28107d1-1db9-4d8b-bcff-a7264b14f7ca\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>There are four different options for displaying results. Note that they are the same for Interaction.</p>\n<ul>\n <li>2D</li>\n <li>3D</li>\n <li>3D forces</li>\n <li>Diagram</li>\n</ul>\n<p>You can switch between them on the top ribbon. In the previous figure, the 2D displaying option was shown. If the option is selected, you can display a rotated cross-section or rotated results. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c90ca42a-794d-46e4-b3c5-c48f99130824\" data-image-id=\"c90ca42a-794d-46e4-b3c5-c48f99130824\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/cda2413a-36ac-4e5a-846a-0ad673e0fa6f/RC-B_06_31.png\" data-asset-id=\"c90ca42a-794d-46e4-b3c5-c48f99130824\" data-image-id=\"c90ca42a-794d-46e4-b3c5-c48f99130824\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>In the figure, the results were outside of the cross-section. If you need, the results can be also shown inside the section.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d4f9f758-aa7d-44ac-a59a-06d159d657d1\" data-image-id=\"d4f9f758-aa7d-44ac-a59a-06d159d657d1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/edadacea-aa94-4c88-9043-7a7550e781dc/RC-B_06_32.png\" data-asset-id=\"d4f9f758-aa7d-44ac-a59a-06d159d657d1\" data-image-id=\"d4f9f758-aa7d-44ac-a59a-06d159d657d1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>For the 2D view, you can turn off / on strain and stress in concrete and reinforcement, adjust the labels, modify the results graph, add dimension lines, and bar numbers, and display extreme fibre or extreme bar. All of these view settings are available in the top ribbon in the different toolbars.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7072c791-55a4-481c-a885-b3af83e623e4\" data-image-id=\"7072c791-55a4-481c-a885-b3af83e623e4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c743d7b7-7ff7-4495-8e0e-6da2391cc06b/RC-B_06_33.png\" data-asset-id=\"7072c791-55a4-481c-a885-b3af83e623e4\" data-image-id=\"7072c791-55a4-481c-a885-b3af83e623e4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The 3D view is shown below. It can help you to understand the results of the cross-section affected by both bending moments <em>M</em><em><sub>y</sub></em> and <em>M</em><em><sub>z</sub></em>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6de19521-3ac8-4311-8d24-2d8fee7c1ee3\" data-image-id=\"6de19521-3ac8-4311-8d24-2d8fee7c1ee3\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/54c0b813-e8de-4163-9107-bc14609a9d9f/RC-B_06_34.png\" data-asset-id=\"6de19521-3ac8-4311-8d24-2d8fee7c1ee3\" data-image-id=\"6de19521-3ac8-4311-8d24-2d8fee7c1ee3\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>In 3D forces view, you can display the resultant forces for concrete in compression and reinforcement under the tension as well as under the compression. The normal force on eccentricity is also shown.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2245bebb-6e76-4ef2-9d60-8b0eae001a33\" data-image-id=\"2245bebb-6e76-4ef2-9d60-8b0eae001a33\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ba9eb04f-df21-45ba-ad5c-bcafeb46e5ca/RC-B_06_35.png\" data-asset-id=\"2245bebb-6e76-4ef2-9d60-8b0eae001a33\" data-image-id=\"2245bebb-6e76-4ef2-9d60-8b0eae001a33\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The last type of view is the Diagram. Here you can display the stress-strain diagram for each reinforcement bar and for each fibre in concrete.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8ef5bfcf-e8a5-4b8d-b1c7-19fa98a641a4\" data-image-id=\"8ef5bfcf-e8a5-4b8d-b1c7-19fa98a641a4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/803f3516-d85b-4c1e-836e-ad258c0d8bed/RC-B_06_36.png\" data-asset-id=\"8ef5bfcf-e8a5-4b8d-b1c7-19fa98a641a4\" data-image-id=\"8ef5bfcf-e8a5-4b8d-b1c7-19fa98a641a4\" alt=\"\"></figure>"
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"value": "<p>Новая версия IDEA StatiCa 21.0 ещё больше упростит рабочий процесс инженеров и конструкторов. Мы улучшили аналитическую модель для получения более точных результатов. Мы ускорили процесс процесс моделирования за счёт новой функции задания положения элементов друг относительно друга. Инженеры и конструкторы теперь могут тратить меньше времени на моделирование простых и средне-сложных узлов: IDEA StatiCa сама будет предлагать исполнение узла для заданной топологии элементов. В версии 21.0 также появилось огромное количество обновлений для AISC с различными пояснениями и подсказками. </p>\n<p>Кроме этого, новая версия IDEA StatiCa 21.0 несёт в себе много новых функций и улучшений для специалистов по железобетону, начиная с официального выпуска приложения IDEA StatiCa Member для железобетона, тщательно протестированного и верифицированного, продолжая приложением RCS с проверкой огнестойкости и заканчивая приложением Detail, в котором основное внимание было уделено решателю МСПН. Всё это позволит значительно ускорить процесс расчёта и повысить надёжность получаемых результатов.</p>\n<p>Отдельно стоит выделить реализацию проверок анкеров в соответствии с нормами РФ: СТО 36554501-048-2016, СП 43.13330.2012 и СП 16.13330.2017. Теперь в IDEA StatiCa Connection можно выполнять комплексный анализ любых узлов, включая опорные, по нормам проектирования РФ. Результаты всех проверок будут доступны в отчёте всего за несколько минут.</p>\n<p>Рассчитайте задуманное вместе с IDEA StatiCa!</p>\n<h2>Новости – стальные конструкции</h2>\n<h3>Обновлённый решатель КМКЭ</h3>\n<ul>\n <li>Сокращение времени расчёта до 30 % </li>\n <li>Более точное моделирование узлов из труб </li>\n <li>Новая подборка верификационных статей и рекомендаций по оценке результатов для разных версий</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"521c376f-96f7-4217-b0ee-29cc1d404d34\" href=\"\">И многое другое</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3>Улучшения в расчётах узлов </h3>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"10388a66-2e50-4cf3-86bf-8fd0ddab836f\" href=\"\">Проверки анкеров по нормам РФ</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"ee6229e8-74a9-4d81-8885-1cff547e4ead\" href=\"\">Задание относительной позиции элементов и параметр \"Верхняя грань\" в свойствах монтажных операций</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"b520bdb9-5eed-4c7c-8a85-c55747fe7d62\" href=\"\">Расчёт на усталость, номинальные напряжения</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"78b4dbf9-2460-4648-91a2-a44c54525c78\" href=\"\">Улучшения для США, новые шаблоны сейсмостойких узлов </a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"3ae00502-96d0-4d71-9d9e-89026f33e885\" href=\"\">Автоматический подбор исполнения узла (шаблоны)</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"b1458c26-712b-4e35-a825-43f7991e6308\" href=\"\">Ограничение предельного угла поворота предельным состоянием болтов и сварных швов</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"70ea715a-9e1e-4832-b615-777d72cb930f\" href=\"\">Цветное отображение усилий в болтах</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"6ba36654-fe5a-4422-bd7a-0d62abcf2833\" href=\"\">Формулы для анкеров, всплывающие подсказки</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3>Пакетный импорт узлов для Viewer</h3>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"4b50449e-978d-49d2-9340-066edf43e30e\" href=\"\">Плагин для Viewer теперь позволяет экспортировать сразу несколько узлов</a> из CAD/BIM приложений </li>\n</ul>\n<h3>Проектирование и расчёт стальных конструкций без границ </h3>\n<ul>\n <li>Бета-тестирование нового приложения Member завершено. Это первый официальный релиз программы, в которой доступны расчёты стальных конструкций общего вида, включая узлы (приложение Connection встроено в интерфейс Member).</li>\n <li>Теперь инженерам-проектировщикам больше не нужно учитывать влияние граничных условий. Расчёт и проверка элементов выполняются для любой топологии и любых нагрузок.</li>\n <li>В программах реализована возможность учёта начальных несовершенств, больших деформаций (эффектов 2го порядка), нелинейностей, обычного и стеснённого кручения.</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"6ae5ab82-3d6c-4c6c-a812-7f8f1ec7dc2d\" href=\"\">Узнать подробнее</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Новости – обычные и преднапряжённые железобетонные конструкции</h2>\n<h3>Улучшения в моделировании и расчётах для RCS и Detail</h3>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"c9d4974e-2ae8-4f70-abc6-5f110e74c716\" href=\"\">Проверка огнестойкости гибких колонн</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"43496020-132d-4159-b31c-d1cd14198e4f\" href=\"\">Расширенный расчёт жёсткости</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"a460f91a-cd3b-420d-9369-6e4833befd6c\" href=\"\">Улучшения в проверке взаимодействия</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"dc5cf57d-5669-49fb-bcd9-e83e32e2e425\" href=\"\">Обновлённая методика расчёта ширины раскрытия трещин</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"e891a412-d4f5-4473-8e9c-bded813ee5e3\" href=\"\">Улучшения в скорости расчёта МСПН</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3>Новые возможности IDEA StatiCa Member</h3>\n<ul>\n <li>Бета-тестирование нового приложения Member завершено. Это первый официальный релиз программы, в которую встроен модуль RCS, что позволяет выполнять расчёт железобетонных элементов сложного сечения.</li>\n <li>Все проверки по 1 ПС и 2 ПС для критических элементов и рам различной топологии, включая несущую способность, сдвиг, кручение, совместное действие усилий, ограничение напряжений и ширину раскрытия трещин.</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"879fe0ab-6957-40c6-934a-11dcc189ac84\" href=\"\">Узнать подробнее</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>BIM интерфейсы</h2>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"a2d8bf12-cff7-45ae-92c4-b1e7e75c95a2\" href=\"\">Обновлённый список поддерживаемых версий сторонних программ</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Пользовательский портал и лицензирование </h2>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"46cf750d-6c89-41af-bf0c-b32d12c6e186\" href=\"\">Новый пользовательский портал для работы с лицензиями и обращением в техподдержку</a></li>\n</ul>"
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Подтвердите выбор клавишей Enter / Spacebar или правой кнопкой мыши, и программа предложит вам несколько подходящих шаблонов для выбранных элементов, если такие имеются.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a306ad16-681b-40b0-83ae-3d4a81a0c2b6\" data-image-id=\"a306ad16-681b-40b0-83ae-3d4a81a0c2b6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3533489c-b6de-4b9d-87f9-a5906eeb4d9e/Browser%203.png\" data-asset-id=\"a306ad16-681b-40b0-83ae-3d4a81a0c2b6\" data-image-id=\"a306ad16-681b-40b0-83ae-3d4a81a0c2b6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>После того, как вы найдёте подходящее исполнение и нажмёте на кнопку Применить, шаблон автоматически применится к выбранным элементам или всему узлу.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6c8aee83-dfe4-4a27-917f-4e71ed7e03a7\" data-image-id=\"6c8aee83-dfe4-4a27-917f-4e71ed7e03a7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4234fc71-8282-4681-b6c6-078965a5aa91/Browser%204.jfif\" data-asset-id=\"6c8aee83-dfe4-4a27-917f-4e71ed7e03a7\" data-image-id=\"6c8aee83-dfe4-4a27-917f-4e71ed7e03a7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Чтобы просмотреть всю библиотеку, переключите радио-кнопку в разделе Топология на «Нет». Шаблоны также можно отфильтровать по типу, показав только болтовые или только сварные соединения, включить отображение встроенных или собственных шаблонов (или всех сразу).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1969d115-1025-4d87-baed-16880bc37327\" data-image-id=\"1969d115-1025-4d87-baed-16880bc37327\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a63a5c77-a58c-45e8-b648-8541919d9d46/Browser%209.png\" data-asset-id=\"1969d115-1025-4d87-baed-16880bc37327\" data-image-id=\"1969d115-1025-4d87-baed-16880bc37327\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Теперь вы можете добавить любое пользовательское исполнение узла, нажав на кнопку <strong>Сохранить </strong>на верхней ленте. В открывшемся диалоговом окне вы сможете указать библиотеку, в которую сохранится шаблон (CDS). Почти сразу после этого новый шаблон будет помещён в пользовательскую библиотеку – User data set. С выходом новых версий мы будем добавлять другие функциональные возможности для шаблонов (например, возможность делиться шаблонами с другими и т.д.).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4ae473fe-6f4d-474d-8bb7-e331ab02c6e8\" data-image-id=\"4ae473fe-6f4d-474d-8bb7-e331ab02c6e8\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f4fc622a-ad46-4e8e-80d6-b29f93574dbc/Browser%208.png\" data-asset-id=\"4ae473fe-6f4d-474d-8bb7-e331ab02c6e8\" data-image-id=\"4ae473fe-6f4d-474d-8bb7-e331ab02c6e8\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Добавленный шаблон станет доступен в диспетчере шаблонов (открывается с помощью кнопки <strong>Найти</strong>) для дальнейшего использования.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ba19d19f-ba3c-4c28-a8fa-d73a2e93f458\" data-image-id=\"ba19d19f-ba3c-4c28-a8fa-d73a2e93f458\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/55933201-5d49-4ab0-858e-6aa16c67de07/Browser%206.png\" data-asset-id=\"ba19d19f-ba3c-4c28-a8fa-d73a2e93f458\" data-image-id=\"ba19d19f-ba3c-4c28-a8fa-d73a2e93f458\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Все новые пользовательские шаблоны доступны в отдельной библиотеке, открыть которую можно с помощью кнопки <strong>Редактор</strong> на верхней ленте. Здесь вы можете редактировать или удалять шаблоны (в текущей версии пока что можно только менять поля «имя» и «версия», в дальнейшем список возможностей будет расширен).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4d1808dd-3d61-476e-a13e-eed21e14e0bc\" data-image-id=\"4d1808dd-3d61-476e-a13e-eed21e14e0bc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e2049a0a-9392-45d4-9a7a-30a23f5e4f97/Browser%207.png\" data-asset-id=\"4d1808dd-3d61-476e-a13e-eed21e14e0bc\" data-image-id=\"4d1808dd-3d61-476e-a13e-eed21e14e0bc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>Переход на новый формат шаблонов</strong></p>\n<p>Постепенно новый диспетчер шаблонов Connection Browser заменит имеющиеся пользовательские шаблоны исполнений узлов. Поэтому мы советуем всем пользователям пересохранить имеющиеся шаблоны в новую библиотеку Connection Browser.</p>\n<p>Функция доступна как в конфигурации <strong>Expert</strong>, так и в конфигурации <strong>Enhanced</strong>.</p>"
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"value": "<p>Оцените все возможности Диспетчера IDEA StatiCa версии 22.0 и сравните их <a data-item-id=\"5e9b20d3-786d-429b-97aa-f2e8ada196b4\" href=\"\">Диспетчером версии v21.1</a>, представленным в предыдущей версии.</p>\n<h3>Корпоративный набор узлов </h3>\n<p>Каталоги для узлов, доступные внутри организации, представляют собой готовые наборы шаблонов, созданных вами или вашими коллегами. Эти шаблоны доступны всем пользователям, имеющим учётную запись лицензии компании. Пользователи из другой группы лицензирования не смогут видеть и использовать эти шаблоны.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"75a5a3d4-37a4-4876-9061-ec722939656f\" data-image-id=\"75a5a3d4-37a4-4876-9061-ec722939656f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/8a9d738f-6bf6-4dbc-b8f3-470a3b98db1d/ConBr-CompanySet_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"75a5a3d4-37a4-4876-9061-ec722939656f\" data-image-id=\"75a5a3d4-37a4-4876-9061-ec722939656f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Каждый пользователь из рабочей группы может найти и применить нужный шаблон, а также добавлять свои наработки в общую базу. Чтобы добавить шаблон в набор, нажмите на кнопку <strong>Сохранить</strong> в верхней части ленты и в разделе описания укажите нужное расположение, куда будет помещён новый шаблон. Собственные (Личные) шаблоны будут доступны только вам, а узлы из Корпоративного набора смогут использовать ваши коллеги. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b80af4a3-e6f9-42c9-a073-215666a8ef0f\" data-image-id=\"b80af4a3-e6f9-42c9-a073-215666a8ef0f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9abcdffa-9fe8-43fa-9ead-1054ba3521a5/ConBr-CompanySet_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"b80af4a3-e6f9-42c9-a073-215666a8ef0f\" data-image-id=\"b80af4a3-e6f9-42c9-a073-215666a8ef0f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Для просмотра и редактирования личных и корпоративных шаблонов воспользуйтесь кнопкой <strong>Редактор </strong>в верхней части ленты.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a0bd986a-7116-441e-9b2d-153488cbe1f0\" data-image-id=\"a0bd986a-7116-441e-9b2d-153488cbe1f0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c0d488e1-c823-48a0-bf0e-7aaa1f8d894a/ConBr-CompanySet_5.png\" data-asset-id=\"a0bd986a-7116-441e-9b2d-153488cbe1f0\" data-image-id=\"a0bd986a-7116-441e-9b2d-153488cbe1f0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>Улучшенные фильтры для работы с шаблонами</h3>\n<p>В Диспетчере узлов (открывается с помощью кнопки <strong>Найти </strong>в верхней части ленты) отображаются иконки узлов, подходящих по конфигурации к текущей топологии соединения (для знакомства с интерфейсом нового диспетчера шаблонов и принципами работы с ним рекомендуем ознакомиться с <a data-item-id=\"5e9b20d3-786d-429b-97aa-f2e8ada196b4\" href=\"\">Новостями релиза версии 21.1</a>). Чтобы удобнее было выбрать нужное исполнение, отметьте галочками типы соединений (с анкерами, болтами, сваркой, уголками и т.д.) в фильтрах слева.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"546341a7-951b-4741-b920-7aed19a43a8a\" data-image-id=\"546341a7-951b-4741-b920-7aed19a43a8a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3052695a-20fd-4c26-a49c-ad78ec1ce2e7/ConBr-Connectors_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"546341a7-951b-4741-b920-7aed19a43a8a\" data-image-id=\"546341a7-951b-4741-b920-7aed19a43a8a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>В верхней части окна диспетчера вы можете переключаться между следующими наборами шаблонов:</p>\n<p><em><strong>IDEA StatiCa connection </strong></em><em>–</em> <em>набор шаблонов (узлов), созданных специалистами IDEA StatiCa. Доступен все пользователям без исключений и ограничений.</em></p>\n<p><em><strong>Пользовательский </strong></em><em>–</em><em><strong> </strong></em><em>набор шаблонов (узлов), созданных лично пользователем данного аккаунта. Никто, кроме пользователей аккаунта, не сможет получить доступ к этим элементам</em><em><strong>.</strong></em></p>\n<p><em>Корпоративный – набор шаблонов (узлов), созданных пользователями, принадлежащими одной рабочей группе (на основе корпоративного аккаунта IDEA StatiCa). Пользователи из других организаций не будут иметь доступа к этим элементам.</em></p>\n<h3>Правая кнопка мыши теперь вызывает новый диспетчер шаблонов</h3>\n<p>Это один из следующих шагов по интеграции нового Диспетчера шаблонов в интерфейс IDEA StatiCa Connection, который приходит на замену прежней функции быстрых шаблонов, которые вызывались правой кнопкой мыши. Теперь нажатие этой горячей клавиши по элементу на 3D виде автоматически предложит подходящий шаблон из библиотеки.</p>\n<p>Функциональность правой кнопкой мыши для опций <strong>Прикрепить к</strong>,<strong> Анкеровка</strong>, и <strong>Редактировать</strong> остаётся прежней. Вместо старых шаблонов общего назначения новый Диспетчер предложит те варианты, которые подходят под заданную геометрию, выбранные элементы и сечения. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a299ab8d-bff8-4914-8f6d-618dfbd368e0\" data-image-id=\"a299ab8d-bff8-4914-8f6d-618dfbd368e0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b4bdf242-d59f-4266-a7b9-f7ddeba7513e/Right-click%20mouse%20button%20design%20proposal.png\" data-asset-id=\"a299ab8d-bff8-4914-8f6d-618dfbd368e0\" data-image-id=\"a299ab8d-bff8-4914-8f6d-618dfbd368e0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Особенности использования правой кнопкой мыши и работы с новым Диспетчером:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Щёлкните <strong>правой кнопкой мыши </strong>по элементу </li>\n <li>Вызовите команду <strong>Прикрепить к </strong>(или <strong>Анкеровка </strong>или <strong>Редактировать</strong>)</li>\n <li>Далее можно выбрать один или несколько элементов, которые будут крепиться к другому элементу. Множественный выбор осуществляется при зажатой клавише <strong>CTRL </strong>или <strong>SHIFT </strong>или секущей рамкой на 3D виде </li>\n <li>Нажмите на <strong>Пробел</strong> для подтверждения выбора</li>\n <li>Выберите одно из предложенных исполнений узла в Диспетчере</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Новый функционал правой кнопкой мыши был доступен уже в патче версии 21.1.1.</p>\n<h3>Выбор элементов</h3>\n<p>Как уже говорилось ранее, вы можете выбирать несколько элементов на 3D виде, зажимая клавишу CTRL или SHIFT. Подтвердить выбор можно Пробелом, клавишей Enter или ещё одним нажатием правой кнопки мыши.</p>\n<p>Выбрать нужные элементы можно также с помощью секущей рамки. В этом случае подтверждения выбора не требуется.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"42bdbba1-3713-4a35-8e7f-98d2fc2426a1\" data-image-id=\"42bdbba1-3713-4a35-8e7f-98d2fc2426a1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/998ca24d-c0fc-4cf4-9a3b-ffbf005583a6/ConBr-select_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"42bdbba1-3713-4a35-8e7f-98d2fc2426a1\" data-image-id=\"42bdbba1-3713-4a35-8e7f-98d2fc2426a1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b6177cb5-b4e4-46eb-b29d-0bc9936cbd98\" data-image-id=\"b6177cb5-b4e4-46eb-b29d-0bc9936cbd98\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/656f9fe6-ac1b-40d0-9bec-db4389d8cfd9/ConBr-select_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"b6177cb5-b4e4-46eb-b29d-0bc9936cbd98\" data-image-id=\"b6177cb5-b4e4-46eb-b29d-0bc9936cbd98\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>Прекращение поддержки прежнего диспетчера шаблонов</h3>\n<p>Как вы могли заметить, устаревший диспетчер шаблонов в версии 22.0 был уже неактивен. Для переноса старых шаблонов в новый диспетчер воспользуйтесь дистрибутивом IDEA StatiCa версии 21.1, в которой доступны обе версии диспетчера: и устаревшая, и актуальная. </p>\n<p>Настройте исполнение узла, подгрузив из старого диспетчера нужный шаблон, и нажмите на кнопку Сохранить нового диспетчера, чтобы добавить его в пользовательский или корпоративный каталог.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6ea5765c-29c8-48e9-b536-069b1c96fdaa\" data-image-id=\"6ea5765c-29c8-48e9-b536-069b1c96fdaa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/190dd315-b3f6-4cbd-9223-34db31a83569/ConBr-TemplateManager_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"6ea5765c-29c8-48e9-b536-069b1c96fdaa\" data-image-id=\"6ea5765c-29c8-48e9-b536-069b1c96fdaa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Данная функция доступна для версий <strong>Expert </strong>(неполной)<strong> </strong>и <strong>Enhanced</strong> (полной) конфигурации <a data-item-id=\"f6acf868-1f2d-48e6-8ccb-711f6883d5f7\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Steel</a> для стальных конструкций.</p>"
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"value": "<p>Steel-to-timber joints are there at the moment only for the check of steel plates and determination of force vectors in fasteners. Gusset plates can be applied as either enclosed or inserted.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"77d5d63a-f694-4fc4-a04d-56cba71990ac\" data-image-id=\"77d5d63a-f694-4fc4-a04d-56cba71990ac\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/66d851b6-b2cf-4c6d-88fb-f31a39793bd7/steel-to-timber.png\" data-asset-id=\"77d5d63a-f694-4fc4-a04d-56cba71990ac\" data-image-id=\"77d5d63a-f694-4fc4-a04d-56cba71990ac\" alt=\"Steel-to-timber joints\"></figure>\n<p>The material properties of timber are not specified. The checks of fasteners and the timber should be performed manually or in another software according to appropriate design rules. Therefore, stiffness analysis is not available. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e784745b-8e33-461b-b15b-dad47606d614\" data-image-id=\"e784745b-8e33-461b-b15b-dad47606d614\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/843342b7-3dce-40ad-8626-fea6ec896f60/steel-to-timber%20code-check.png\" data-asset-id=\"e784745b-8e33-461b-b15b-dad47606d614\" data-image-id=\"e784745b-8e33-461b-b15b-dad47606d614\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The check of any other components of steel connections are code checked as usual.</p>\n<p>Read more about how to work with steel-to-timber joints in the <a data-item-id=\"7e1fa301-759e-4141-933e-ec6eaff7c918\" href=\"\">Knowledge base article</a>. </p>"
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"value": "<p><strong>Steel-to-timber connection </strong>design is another step of enabling users to design and code-check various types of connections and members from multiple materials.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"adafd49a-b073-4d37-827c-2550757e2c6c\" data-image-id=\"adafd49a-b073-4d37-827c-2550757e2c6c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/83b44b4b-4e4c-4f03-896c-e25d2de684d2/Timber2.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"adafd49a-b073-4d37-827c-2550757e2c6c\" data-image-id=\"adafd49a-b073-4d37-827c-2550757e2c6c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Example of steel-to-timber connections</em></p>\n<p>Results on the <strong>connecting steel plates</strong> can be obtained. Code checks for the steel plates are available according to the chosen code. Code checks of timber members, bolts, and dowels are not delivered and must be performed by a third-party application. On the other hand, IDEA StatiCa Connection application delivers acting shear and tension forces on each bolt or dowel for the precise manual code-check.</p>\n<p>See also the <a data-item-id=\"c16f8cbb-a469-4c46-ac70-2090e054fcf1\" href=\"\">Theoretical Background article about Steel-to-timber joints</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e784745b-8e33-461b-b15b-dad47606d614\" data-image-id=\"e784745b-8e33-461b-b15b-dad47606d614\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/843342b7-3dce-40ad-8626-fea6ec896f60/steel-to-timber%20code-check.png\" data-asset-id=\"e784745b-8e33-461b-b15b-dad47606d614\" data-image-id=\"e784745b-8e33-461b-b15b-dad47606d614\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>Templates and manufacturing operations</h3>\n<p>Two new manufacturing operations were implemented for timber members – Gusset plate and Connecting plate. Users can make the selection in the Manufacturing operations menu.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cf705dff-df2c-4766-90a1-d6f330fe493a\" data-image-id=\"cf705dff-df2c-4766-90a1-d6f330fe493a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5f495321-54ef-48b6-9e81-a2dcce7139b6/TimberManufacturingOperations.png\" data-asset-id=\"cf705dff-df2c-4766-90a1-d6f330fe493a\" data-image-id=\"cf705dff-df2c-4766-90a1-d6f330fe493a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Gusset plate and Connecting plate for timber members manufacturing operations</em></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>To help you with designing of steel-to-timber connections, new templates were added to the application wizard.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"397dd720-98b3-479a-abe2-537b55c884e6\" data-image-id=\"397dd720-98b3-479a-abe2-537b55c884e6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/dc200967-1222-4d39-a79e-0471b11b62a0/Timber_wizard.png\" data-asset-id=\"397dd720-98b3-479a-abe2-537b55c884e6\" data-image-id=\"397dd720-98b3-479a-abe2-537b55c884e6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Steel-to-timber connection templates</em></p>\n<h3>Updates of the feature</h3>\n<p>Timber connections check was implemented in IDEA StatiCa version 20.0.</p>\n<p>Since 22.0.1 patch, it has been possible to see the resultant grain angle for the bolt check. See the dedicated <a data-item-id=\"eed5a14c-0581-42b1-8a67-7181fb8d4fdf\" href=\"\">Release Notes 22.1 article</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1639c709-2c90-40ae-9dc9-099c244779aa\" data-image-id=\"1639c709-2c90-40ae-9dc9-099c244779aa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bcb389d3-f3bc-44ad-a7b5-da46852c5f0a/TimberAngles.png\" data-asset-id=\"1639c709-2c90-40ae-9dc9-099c244779aa\" data-image-id=\"1639c709-2c90-40ae-9dc9-099c244779aa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Since 23.0.1 patch, the warning has been displayed to emphasize that the bolts going through the timber member are not checked (in the 3D scene and in Report).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"944f89ff-6de2-4ddd-a880-e000e29c0474\" data-image-id=\"944f89ff-6de2-4ddd-a880-e000e29c0474\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/0774a5ce-0efc-491c-9bd6-b5e8d0e2a229/Timber%20warning%2023-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"944f89ff-6de2-4ddd-a880-e000e29c0474\" data-image-id=\"944f89ff-6de2-4ddd-a880-e000e29c0474\" alt=\"Timber warning in 23.0.1\"></figure>\n<p>This feature is available for the <strong>Enhanced</strong> version of IDEA StatiCa Steel.</p>\n<h3>Webinars and other resources</h3>\n<p>Check out the possibilities of the timber connections check in practice in the recording of the <a data-item-id=\"b57ff28d-bfd1-40a5-bd3a-081042f90081\" href=\"\">Connection Wednesdays - Optimization of timber column anchoring</a> webinar.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"02008f76-2a47-4cbc-9d36-4b452d9939f5\" data-image-id=\"02008f76-2a47-4cbc-9d36-4b452d9939f5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bc92f8a6-c95d-4d5b-945a-4cad2c7f07c7/2020-09-09%20Connection%20Wednesdays%20-%20Optimization%20of%20timber%20column%20anchoring.png\" data-asset-id=\"02008f76-2a47-4cbc-9d36-4b452d9939f5\" data-image-id=\"02008f76-2a47-4cbc-9d36-4b452d9939f5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>In our blog, you can read an article about <a data-item-id=\"d8e3456b-1ac7-4a63-9eed-1a60eea8542e\" href=\"\">Designing steel-to-timber connections</a> from July 2020.</p>\n<p>Take a look at the case study of a <a data-item-id=\"b016f9ce-4868-4abd-be3e-8c94465267d0\" href=\"\">Family home in Massachusetts</a> done by our customer - the CRAFT Engineers.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"65e75ec6-9518-4a30-bd03-0085c18b0f0f\" data-image-id=\"65e75ec6-9518-4a30-bd03-0085c18b0f0f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d77dda04-b786-40ad-8696-3b7b35eca684/Steel%20to%20timber%20connection.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"65e75ec6-9518-4a30-bd03-0085c18b0f0f\" data-image-id=\"65e75ec6-9518-4a30-bd03-0085c18b0f0f\" alt=\"Family home in Massachusetts\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d8a5ec60-001c-4cc5-85a4-a7a17f3fb457\" data-image-id=\"d8a5ec60-001c-4cc5-85a4-a7a17f3fb457\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e5e277b9-b347-4bbd-9c3c-04ae623d796f/Family%20Home%20in%20Massachusetts%204.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"d8a5ec60-001c-4cc5-85a4-a7a17f3fb457\" data-image-id=\"d8a5ec60-001c-4cc5-85a4-a7a17f3fb457\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"eef2a0e0_b878_01b2_1668_5489fe50626f\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>Cleat connections are popular among designers and engineers for their versatility. The improvements in Cleat manufacturing operations lead to new possibilities in the design of connections and joints. Any two perpendicular general plates cut each other can be connected by cleat and as well as any general plate and member plate.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"be24884e-304a-41f0-ab9f-7ea85617df21\" data-image-id=\"be24884e-304a-41f0-ab9f-7ea85617df21\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/65bdc71a-bc5d-43dc-8c68-56aee88719ae/CleatPlate.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"be24884e-304a-41f0-ab9f-7ea85617df21\" data-image-id=\"be24884e-304a-41f0-ab9f-7ea85617df21\" alt=\"Cleat\"></figure>\n<p><em>Cleat examples: General plate connected by cleats to member.</em></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6a89e1f7-758d-498e-abd0-d2de59871dee\" data-image-id=\"6a89e1f7-758d-498e-abd0-d2de59871dee\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/28725b89-366e-4590-b71a-1631c33b52fd/CleatPerpendicularPlates.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"6a89e1f7-758d-498e-abd0-d2de59871dee\" data-image-id=\"6a89e1f7-758d-498e-abd0-d2de59871dee\" alt=\"Cleat\"></figure>\n<p><em>Cleat examples: Two perpendicular plates connected by cleat.</em></p>\n<p>T-stub cross-section can be used to replace L-shapes in the Cleat manufacturing operation or to connect flanges and webs. Thanks to this, bolted connection types (used mainly in the US) can now be designed faster.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"25a95f57-c607-48b6-9353-f659066ad2ae\" data-image-id=\"25a95f57-c607-48b6-9353-f659066ad2ae\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f4dd09c3-ea06-4588-bd14-6a0a50e60303/CleatT.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"25a95f57-c607-48b6-9353-f659066ad2ae\" data-image-id=\"25a95f57-c607-48b6-9353-f659066ad2ae\" alt=\"Cleat\"></figure>\n<p><em>T-stub defined to flanges of the member.</em></p>\n<p>This feature is available for the <strong>Expert</strong> and <strong>Enhanced</strong> version of IDEA StatiCa Steel.</p>"
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"value": "<p>Type of connection: Double angle cleat connection</p>\n<p>Unit system: Metric</p>\n<p>Designed acc. to: AS 4100</p>\n<p>Investigated: Bolts, base metal</p>\n<p>Plate material: Grade 300</p>\n<p>Bolts: M20 Grade 8.8</p>\n<p>Example taken from: B. Kirke, I.H. Al-Jamel. <em>Steel Structures: Design Manual To AS 4100</em>, 2004 – Chapter 9.4.1.1</p>\n<h2>Geometry</h2>\n<p>Beam UB 406×178×60 is connected to column UC 254×254×89 by two angles L100×6.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"739b038b-e001-46d2-9b14-34dd30946a33\" data-image-id=\"739b038b-e001-46d2-9b14-34dd30946a33\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2ac390b5-7d26-47e0-bc8f-d452cd8bbd6e/DACC1.png\" data-asset-id=\"739b038b-e001-46d2-9b14-34dd30946a33\" data-image-id=\"739b038b-e001-46d2-9b14-34dd30946a33\" alt=\"Double angle cleat connection\"></figure>\n<p>M20 bolts grade 8.8 are selected with the pitch of 70 mm.</p>\n<h2>Applied load</h2>\n<p>The beam is loaded by shear force 190 kN. To be conservative, for the design of bolts at the beam web, the shear force should be at the position of the column face so that the group of bolts is loaded also by bending moment – select forces in position 130 mm. For the design of angles and the group of bolts at the column face, the shear force should be applied at the position of centre of gravity of the bolts at the beam web – select forces in bolts.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"31f3214d-74de-4ce4-b6a7-8d3e9d58213d\" data-image-id=\"31f3214d-74de-4ce4-b6a7-8d3e9d58213d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/479452e0-16b2-42b4-8ef9-911f209cdbb8/DACC3.png\" data-asset-id=\"31f3214d-74de-4ce4-b6a7-8d3e9d58213d\" data-image-id=\"31f3214d-74de-4ce4-b6a7-8d3e9d58213d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Comparison between manual calculation and IDEA StatiCa</h2>\n<p>The results of B. Kirke, I.H. Al-Jamel. <em>Steel Structures: Design Manual To AS 4100</em>, 2004 – Chapter 9.4.1.1 are used as manual calculation.</p>\n<h3>Connection of web of beam</h3>\n<p>The group of bolts are loaded by the shear force 190 kN and bending moment resulting from the distance between the applied load at the face of the column and the centre of gravity of the bolt group at the beam web, 190 kN × 65 mm = 12.35 kNm. The maximum force in bolt was calculated as 71.1 kN. Results of IDEA is in the figure below. The arrows show the reaction of the plate on the bolt force.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5796395a-b10a-4631-ad87-60784bd99f1b\" data-image-id=\"5796395a-b10a-4631-ad87-60784bd99f1b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2f711c7b-28a5-45eb-b89d-742b6fa1e604/DACC5.png\" data-asset-id=\"5796395a-b10a-4631-ad87-60784bd99f1b\" data-image-id=\"5796395a-b10a-4631-ad87-60784bd99f1b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The maximum force is in the bolt B4, each shear plane transfers 36.3 kN, i.e. the whole bolt transfers 2 × 36.3 = 72.6 kN, which closely coincides with the manual calculation.</p>\n<p>The bolt resistances use formulas from AS 4100 so that they coincide perfectly, e.g. the bolt shear resistance check (each shear plane is checked separately):</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e91ee787-9d17-4842-91b7-2cc0c7bbf33d\" data-image-id=\"e91ee787-9d17-4842-91b7-2cc0c7bbf33d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/39290085-2dcc-4244-8fa7-533b3e4293fe/DACC7.png\" data-asset-id=\"e91ee787-9d17-4842-91b7-2cc0c7bbf33d\" data-image-id=\"e91ee787-9d17-4842-91b7-2cc0c7bbf33d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The tearing resistances in manual calculation divides the shear force into components in directions directly towards the ply edge. On the other hand, IDEA StatiCa uses the direction of the vector in the formula. Only the most decisive check is shown for each bolt.</p>\n<p>Bolts in IDEA StatiCa are loaded also by small tensile forces due to the deformation of plates. These forces are neglected in manual calculation.</p>\n<h3>Connection to column flange</h3>\n<p>For the check of bolts at the column flange, the force is applied at the centre of gravity of bolts at the beam web. The bolts are loaded by significant tensile force and this is also decisive for the deformation of the angles. Plastic strain is shown in the figure below. The limit plastic strain is 5 % according to European code EN 1993-1-5.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8120f38d-3107-48a6-b6cb-158c1ff4c4e3\" data-image-id=\"8120f38d-3107-48a6-b6cb-158c1ff4c4e3\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/298b02d5-4d23-4a92-bf61-e03b40b1db8a/DACC8.png\" data-asset-id=\"8120f38d-3107-48a6-b6cb-158c1ff4c4e3\" data-image-id=\"8120f38d-3107-48a6-b6cb-158c1ff4c4e3\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The maximal tensile force is in the upper row of bolts, B8 and B12. Notice the decrease in shear forces of bolts B1–B4 which are loaded only by the shear force and no bending moment. The shear forces in bolts B5–B12 are higher than according to manual calculation: <em>V</em><sub>f</sub>* = 190 / 8 = 23.75 kN. This difference is caused by significant deformation of the angles, which also causes the inclination of shear forces.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f943f443-7d52-4ed4-81e2-54d5c6671181\" data-image-id=\"f943f443-7d52-4ed4-81e2-54d5c6671181\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/49ee0daf-3881-4e1c-aa2f-bee9e373409b/DACC9.png\" data-asset-id=\"f943f443-7d52-4ed4-81e2-54d5c6671181\" data-image-id=\"f943f443-7d52-4ed4-81e2-54d5c6671181\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Joint design resistance</h2>\n<p>The reserve in the load resistance can be seen by the joint design resistance type of analysis. Due to the yielding of angles, the reserve is low. The joint would fail at load factor 103.4 %, i.e. shear force <em>V</em><sub>f</sub>* = 196.5 kN.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0aa1084b-f2ec-4809-a459-5874cb588350\" data-image-id=\"0aa1084b-f2ec-4809-a459-5874cb588350\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d6652ef2-b631-4e70-a6e7-7e93ceeb87d3/DACC11.png\" data-asset-id=\"0aa1084b-f2ec-4809-a459-5874cb588350\" data-image-id=\"0aa1084b-f2ec-4809-a459-5874cb588350\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Stiffness</h2>\n<p>The stiffness of the connection can be determined by setting the type of analysis to \"Stiffness\", setting the beam as the analyzed member, and setting the correct \"Theoretical length\" of analyzed member (usually the beam span, centre to centre of columns). The software calculates the secant stiffness at the set load and the initial stiffness at 2/3 <em>M</em><sub>j,Rd</sub>, up to which the moment–rotation diagram is assumed linear. 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"value": "<h2>Cleat manufacturing operation improvements </h2>\n<p>Cleat connections are popular among designers and engineers for their versatility. There are basically two main improvements in designing of members connected by a cleat. Both are very popular mainly in the US market. </p>\n<ul>\n <li>Any two perpendicular general plates cutting each other can be now connected by a cleat. The same is operation is valid for connecting any general plate with a member plate.</li>\n <li>T-stub cross-section can be used to replace L-shapes in the Cleat manufacturing operation or to connect flanges and webs. Thanks to this, bolted connection types can now be designed faster.</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"30fbaafa-098b-4741-9a59-def1ae83e474\" data-image-id=\"30fbaafa-098b-4741-9a59-def1ae83e474\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1ce94407-6f7a-4433-818e-d5a30041d3fd/cleat%20manufacturing%20operations.png\" data-asset-id=\"30fbaafa-098b-4741-9a59-def1ae83e474\" data-image-id=\"30fbaafa-098b-4741-9a59-def1ae83e474\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Find out more about the cleat manufacturing operations in our <a data-item-id=\"d38df616-7e67-455d-b55c-47f08803f008\" href=\"\">Knowledge base</a>.</p>\n<h2>Notch on a member</h2>\n<p>The notch on a member is another improvement added manufacturing operation added to version 20. </p>\n<p>In the past, when you came across a case of the members' clash, the opening-notches had to be defined manually by the Opening manufacturing operation on the member flanges. This situation was causing an increased quantity of manufacturing operations. </p>\n<p>From now on, the feature Notch can be used whenever it is needed to avoid clashes between column-beam or beam-beam. This feature is implemented to Manufacturing operations End plate, Fin plate, Cleat.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7f516587-44d1-4c01-a0a2-c5f1bcc5e118\" data-image-id=\"7f516587-44d1-4c01-a0a2-c5f1bcc5e118\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e24b565e-edee-4c85-b5e9-0c15d5e557a6/Notch%20on%20a%20member_MainPicture.png\" data-asset-id=\"7f516587-44d1-4c01-a0a2-c5f1bcc5e118\" data-image-id=\"7f516587-44d1-4c01-a0a2-c5f1bcc5e118\" alt=\"Notch on a member\"></figure>\n<p>Find out more about this manufacturing operation in our <a data-item-id=\"f38f8b37-9823-4fe2-81fc-821864469902\" href=\"\">Knowledge base</a>.</p>\n<p>Both above-mentioned improvements are available for the <strong>Expert</strong> and <strong>Enhanced</strong> version of IDEA StatiCa Steel. </p>\n<h2>More about IDEA StatiCa version 20</h2>\n<p>The new version of IDEA StatiCa is the biggest implementation of customer feedback and wishes we have had in years. </p>\n<p>Except for the new online licensing system, version 20 brought a vast amount on improvements for steel connection design. Besides the manufacturing improvements, you can enjoy about <a href=\"\" data-item-id=\"0f93d36d-3e6b-41a8-af16-f25bad7d3811\">110 new connection templates added to the starting wizard</a>, brand new <a href=\"\" data-item-id=\"7e1fa301-759e-4141-933e-ec6eaff7c918\">steel-to-timber connections</a>, or usability improvements thanks to the <a href=\"\" data-item-id=\"71d5abf9-fbb5-419d-94bd-c2752edf272a\">cross-section library favorites</a>. </p>\n<p>We continue with spreading IDEA StatiCa to new regions, that is why the Indian and Hong Kong codes were added to the growing list of supported codes. </p>\n<p>Would you like to see more of the new features? <a href=\"\" data-item-id=\"4ba1aea8-5819-4504-bfc7-717be84625d1\">Read full release notes for Steel </a>or even better – watch the recording of <strong>version 20 introduction webinar</strong>:</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"b59f3caf_e9dd_0174_46e3_00365feafa04\"></object>"
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"value": "<p><em>Note: Connection Browser was renamed to </em><em><strong>Connection Library</strong></em><em> with version 23.0 (April, 2023).</em></p>\n<p>In this webinar, we will show you some of the frequently asked questions about modeling in IDEA StatiCa. During the session 15 modeling tips within different operations (stiffening plate, gusset, cleat, bolt, etc.) will be shared.</p>\n<p>We will also talk about loading position and model type. We will finish up with some Q&A from the audience.</p>\n<p><a data-asset-id=\"523bcec3-0171-498f-8aed-a3395e0145f4\" href=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bcfde793-35dc-4f1f-b5cd-a021a94f4348/Modeling%20tips%20and%20tricks%20PDF.pdf\">Presentation PDF</a></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n7cf90cca_547b_013d_c6ce_c05165676a8f\"></object>\n<p>Here you can see a summary of what was shared in the webinar, we prepared all the tips with screenshots and steps to follow:</p>\n<h2>1. Avoid using offsets</h2>\n<p>The use of offsets should be avoided as they can lead to eccentricities which can produce an extra moment once loads are applied.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"40b28877-db96-4c52-a7cf-3c9146887af0\" data-image-id=\"40b28877-db96-4c52-a7cf-3c9146887af0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/459229b7-28e7-4b89-a3de-d6bbed0e239b/Ofsset%201.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"40b28877-db96-4c52-a7cf-3c9146887af0\" data-image-id=\"40b28877-db96-4c52-a7cf-3c9146887af0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>2. Use operations instead of offsets</h2>\n<p>Some operations (such as shear tab, cleat, end plate, etc.) include the cut operation by default. However, sometimes you need to add a <strong>member cut operation</strong> before applying the mentioned operations.</p>\n<p>Also, there is the option to use <strong>align plates</strong> and locate a member without using offsets, for example, when you have beam to beam joint or 2 different height beams connected to the column.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c4145f38-b3d9-4f24-a1f1-8265fbbfea96\" data-image-id=\"c4145f38-b3d9-4f24-a1f1-8265fbbfea96\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c65e39ef-8ffa-4c73-8c80-095f9af55bb5/Cut%20operation%20Column.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"c4145f38-b3d9-4f24-a1f1-8265fbbfea96\" data-image-id=\"c4145f38-b3d9-4f24-a1f1-8265fbbfea96\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e6432b15-1d0e-4f18-892e-fb315f24e069\" data-image-id=\"e6432b15-1d0e-4f18-892e-fb315f24e069\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/744be5b2-2a0a-495a-a892-6c18316c5bfc/Align%20plates.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"e6432b15-1d0e-4f18-892e-fb315f24e069\" data-image-id=\"e6432b15-1d0e-4f18-892e-fb315f24e069\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e55e6b53-054c-43c1-b1d3-6bdfef8361aa\" data-image-id=\"e55e6b53-054c-43c1-b1d3-6bdfef8361aa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ea9dad7e-f23a-4979-b322-b0622b8dd3f2/Aligned%20plates%202.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"e55e6b53-054c-43c1-b1d3-6bdfef8361aa\" data-image-id=\"e55e6b53-054c-43c1-b1d3-6bdfef8361aa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>3. Model type selection</h2>\n<p>This is a frequent question, which model type should be used for selected members? That means what forces the member is transferring to the system/node and what are their boundary conditions:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Fully fixed member - <strong>N-Vy-Vz-Mx-My-Mz</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"07ec64f5-1401-49f7-969b-ec2785620b6e\" data-image-id=\"07ec64f5-1401-49f7-969b-ec2785620b6e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d6526e53-5958-4552-b990-d6e7364e1562/Fullyfized.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"07ec64f5-1401-49f7-969b-ec2785620b6e\" data-image-id=\"07ec64f5-1401-49f7-969b-ec2785620b6e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Fixed in strong strong axis - <strong>N-Vz-My</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e4b34d19-cefe-47ff-86e7-8d4890cd98c7\" data-image-id=\"e4b34d19-cefe-47ff-86e7-8d4890cd98c7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/6cb2913d-d429-427a-9f4f-34e156d2bfb5/strong.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"e4b34d19-cefe-47ff-86e7-8d4890cd98c7\" data-image-id=\"e4b34d19-cefe-47ff-86e7-8d4890cd98c7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Fixed in weak axis - <strong>N-Vy-Mz</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8f3cdb77-1ee0-4008-b293-3692b11935d2\" data-image-id=\"8f3cdb77-1ee0-4008-b293-3692b11935d2\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4de3c5f1-cda2-4db5-b816-977cef7dcc4c/weak.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"8f3cdb77-1ee0-4008-b293-3692b11935d2\" data-image-id=\"8f3cdb77-1ee0-4008-b293-3692b11935d2\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Pinned <strong>N-Vy-Vz </strong></li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4dc7f9a0-adea-4531-b69d-2847ba13ec1c\" data-image-id=\"4dc7f9a0-adea-4531-b69d-2847ba13ec1c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/feb60f69-da5e-470a-9d92-22b008079067/Pinned.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"4dc7f9a0-adea-4531-b69d-2847ba13ec1c\" data-image-id=\"4dc7f9a0-adea-4531-b69d-2847ba13ec1c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>4. Using a dxf to create plate geometry</h2>\n<p>When creating a new plate, IDEA StatiCa has the option to bring a design from a <strong>DXF drawing</strong>, following the next instructions the feature can be tested:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7174c2f7-2bba-489d-86ad-47e80e43d0ea\" data-image-id=\"7174c2f7-2bba-489d-86ad-47e80e43d0ea\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b47bcff3-c89e-41ed-a762-e00ad43aaf8b/DXF%20Drawing2.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"7174c2f7-2bba-489d-86ad-47e80e43d0ea\" data-image-id=\"7174c2f7-2bba-489d-86ad-47e80e43d0ea\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>5. Applying gusset plate operation to an existing plate</h2>\n<p>When using a gusset plate operation, the operation itself can create a new plate, but if there is the case that the plate is already in the model, the option of the <strong>existing plate</strong> in the model.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6d09e507-57af-4387-a11f-5d8b3452688d\" data-image-id=\"6d09e507-57af-4387-a11f-5d8b3452688d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2181b853-4b15-4274-837b-0a83ac7e2e31/Gusset%20operation%20-%20existing%20plate.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"6d09e507-57af-4387-a11f-5d8b3452688d\" data-image-id=\"6d09e507-57af-4387-a11f-5d8b3452688d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>6. Using doublers for other situations</h2>\n<p>Stiffening plates can have its origin from the node, member, or plate. The Doubler option helps to locate a new stiffening plate from the face of selected plate. This feature should be used to model <strong>filler plates</strong>, and a <strong>shear plate</strong> from a gusset plate.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"81031dd8-9448-4911-95ec-9753a11925db\" data-image-id=\"81031dd8-9448-4911-95ec-9753a11925db\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/cb7d686a-45e9-4200-aa6e-4e435e70be8c/Filler%20plate-doubles.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"81031dd8-9448-4911-95ec-9753a11925db\" data-image-id=\"81031dd8-9448-4911-95ec-9753a11925db\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ccaceafc-5660-4f94-938c-857fdc004b09\" data-image-id=\"ccaceafc-5660-4f94-938c-857fdc004b09\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/dcdb94fe-ff7e-4abd-9641-d2b4d550e6d6/Shear%20plate%20to%20gusset.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"ccaceafc-5660-4f94-938c-857fdc004b09\" data-image-id=\"ccaceafc-5660-4f94-938c-857fdc004b09\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>7. Start with larger than required plate size and use plate cut operation to align with members, etc..</h2>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c31a2fb5-55c9-4780-ba73-fbea4d6ef176\" data-image-id=\"c31a2fb5-55c9-4780-ba73-fbea4d6ef176\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/87505f71-7f48-44ea-98ff-4818a94f0d40/Cut%20of%20plate.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"c31a2fb5-55c9-4780-ba73-fbea4d6ef176\" data-image-id=\"c31a2fb5-55c9-4780-ba73-fbea4d6ef176\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>8. Bolt grid operation tips</h2>\n<p>When using bolts operation, it is important to select all the plies that the bolts will pass through. Also, when placing items, consider that the first element will be the reference for the placement of bolts. In this example, the longitudinal axis of the bracing member is the reference.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"afb319e7-2317-490e-9340-785da01a1919\" data-image-id=\"afb319e7-2317-490e-9340-785da01a1919\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/090709d2-10cb-47b3-a17e-a992f382cfe8/Bolt%20operation%20items.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"afb319e7-2317-490e-9340-785da01a1919\" data-image-id=\"afb319e7-2317-490e-9340-785da01a1919\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>9. Using the Plate Editor</h2>\n<p>Stiffening plate operation has an editor, where the plate can be edited with sub-operations, in this case, the offset was used to create a ¾ gap between the Gusset and the column:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"43d8cc56-b293-41f6-9a29-34db00fd859e\" data-image-id=\"43d8cc56-b293-41f6-9a29-34db00fd859e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a9437861-32fd-4211-9c88-0a64f9eff131/Offset%20plate.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"43d8cc56-b293-41f6-9a29-34db00fd859e\" data-image-id=\"43d8cc56-b293-41f6-9a29-34db00fd859e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>10. Cleat operation connected to a plate</h2>\n<p>Cleat operation can be assigned to an existing plate that will be connected to a member, as the next example:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8ad0c29d-c8c8-4dce-a4e3-86c16ab5969f\" data-image-id=\"8ad0c29d-c8c8-4dce-a4e3-86c16ab5969f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f6927fba-8941-4a26-ab5c-4fd56a7022a3/Cleat%20operation%20plate%20to%20member.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"8ad0c29d-c8c8-4dce-a4e3-86c16ab5969f\" data-image-id=\"8ad0c29d-c8c8-4dce-a4e3-86c16ab5969f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>11. Stiffening member usage</h2>\n<p>A stiffening member is an operation that helps to add a member in the model to be part of the connection. One of the keys to using a stiffening member is that you can not directly apply load to it. This operation helps in the next examples:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"818e16dd-761a-4640-a109-291fb4f307ab\" data-image-id=\"818e16dd-761a-4640-a109-291fb4f307ab\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/6dca6b4d-7f45-4c38-8db8-8bd6513fe6ca/Stiffening%20member%201.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"818e16dd-761a-4640-a109-291fb4f307ab\" data-image-id=\"818e16dd-761a-4640-a109-291fb4f307ab\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5f4460c7-5869-4f45-bcd0-d237f4e70246\" data-image-id=\"5f4460c7-5869-4f45-bcd0-d237f4e70246\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c4248d59-88c1-47c4-9af8-44712192e91a/Siffening%20member%202.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"5f4460c7-5869-4f45-bcd0-d237f4e70246\" data-image-id=\"5f4460c7-5869-4f45-bcd0-d237f4e70246\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>12. Extended shear tab (load position)</h2>\n<p>Extended shear tabs are a common connection when a beam to a column web needs to be connected. Only four operations are needed to model it, check the next process to learn how to do it:</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"e7284022_6f1f_01f1_991e_ef904d2f7728\"></object>\n<p>Once you finish the modeling, the load position is important for a shear connection, please review the <a data-item-id=\"a25875d5-40c2-5ae8-8919-18016fad28ff\" href=\"\">How to define correct load position</a> article to learn what is the best load position for shear connections.</p>\n<h2>13. Lifting lugs</h2>\n<p>The recommended approach for the lifting lugs model is to model a <strong>stiffening plate</strong> and model the needed shape, then add a new member that will help to apply the load to the lifting lug plate. To connect the member to the stiffening plate a <strong>connecting plate operation</strong> can be used:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f3828d23-fd71-4328-ac15-d54abc28ca5c\" data-image-id=\"f3828d23-fd71-4328-ac15-d54abc28ca5c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ec78924c-033a-4fc7-b270-71aae422c7a7/Lifting%20lug.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"f3828d23-fd71-4328-ac15-d54abc28ca5c\" data-image-id=\"f3828d23-fd71-4328-ac15-d54abc28ca5c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"82ac2e13-176e-4daf-837d-3e2e7f5a5aa9\" data-image-id=\"82ac2e13-176e-4daf-837d-3e2e7f5a5aa9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/dd4d2490-7aa1-42ce-827a-387bea8dd772/Lifting%20lug2.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"82ac2e13-176e-4daf-837d-3e2e7f5a5aa9\" data-image-id=\"82ac2e13-176e-4daf-837d-3e2e7f5a5aa9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>14. Operations order</h2>\n<p>A good tip to keep in mind as building you are building a connection is that only operations above the current operation can be used in the current operation. I know that sounds like a circular sentence, but when you look at the list of operations in a model, you can't add a weld to a plate that is lower in the list. In this case, you need to be sure the plate operation is added and then add the weld. </p>\n<h2>15. Tooltips (plate information and help)</h2>\n<p>Immediate help can be provided when you hover the mouse over inputs or plates of the model:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9b3be8d3-682f-4576-bf3e-3dd2dea2d354\" data-image-id=\"9b3be8d3-682f-4576-bf3e-3dd2dea2d354\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/975d0f66-ea21-4a29-8c3d-5ad0193934af/Hovering%20mouse.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"9b3be8d3-682f-4576-bf3e-3dd2dea2d354\" data-image-id=\"9b3be8d3-682f-4576-bf3e-3dd2dea2d354\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>16. 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"value": "<h2>Bolt model according to CBFEM</h2>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa has a unique method in its solver, the <a data-item-id=\"6e068636-6a02-5d0e-89ad-6dcff4e21151\" href=\"\">Component-based Finite Element Method (CBFEM)</a>. The bolt model used in CBFEM is described and verified to several steel design codes. The load resistance and deformation capacity are also compared to the main experimental research programs.</p>\n<p>In the Component-Based Finite Element Method (CBFEM), bolt with its behavior in tension, shear, and bearing is the component described by the dependent nonlinear springs. The bolt in tension is described by spring with its axial initial stiffness, design resistance, initialization of yielding, and deformation capacity. For the initialization of yielding and deformation capacity, it is assumed that plastic deformation occurs in the threaded part of the bolt shank only.</p>\n<p>In our Theoretical background, you can find <a data-item-id=\"c2cc67f3-4000-4959-a195-b28becf63f2a\" href=\"\">more information on how the CBFEM method describes and verifies bolts</a>. If you want to know a bit more about CBFEM in general, the full <a data-item-id=\"d4aa2923-a94a-4c40-8fd8-93608acbf893\" href=\"\">General theoretical background</a> is definitely the best place to start from.</p>\n<h2>Bolts according to design codes</h2>\n<p>Let's take a look at how CBFEM approaches bolts from the point of view of individual design codes. So far, IDEA StatiCa supports eight design codes where design and/or detailing of bolts and preloaded bolts are being solved. </p>\n<h3>Check of bolts and preloaded bolts according to Eurocode</h3>\n<p>The initial stiffness and design resistance of bolts in shear are in CBFEM modeled according to Cl. 3.6 and 6.3.2 in EN 1993-1-8. The spring representing bearing and tension has a bi-linear force-deformation behavior with an initial stiffness and design resistance according to Cl. 3.6 and 6.3.2 in EN 1993-1-8.</p>\n<p><strong>Detailing </strong></p>\n<p>Checks of bolts is performed if the option is selected in Code setup. Dimensions from bolt center to plate edges and between bolts are checked. Edge distance <em>e</em> = 1.2 and spacing between bolts <em>p</em> = 2.2 are recommended in Table 3.3 in EN 1993-1-8. Users can modify both values in the Code setup.</p>\n<h3>Check of bolts and preloaded bolts according to AISC</h3>\n<p>The forces in bolts are determined by finite element analysis. The tensile forces include prying forces. The bolt resistances are checked according to AISC 360 - Chapter J3.</p>\n<p><strong>Detailing </strong></p>\n<p>The minimum spacing between bolts and distance to the bolt center to an edge of a connected part is checked. The minimum spacing 2.66 times (editable in Code setup) the nominal bolt diameter between centers of bolts is checked according to AISC 360-16 – J.3.3. The minimum distance to the bolt center to an edge of a connected part is checked according to AISC 360-16 – J.3.4; the values are in Table J3.4 and J3.4M.</p>\n<h3>Check of bolts and preloaded bolts according to other standards</h3>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-and-preloaded-bolts-according-to-cisc\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Check of bolts and preloaded bolts according to CISC (Canada)</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-and-preloaded-bolts-according-to-chinese-standard\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Check of bolts and preloaded bolts according to Chinese standard (GB)</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-according-to-hong-kong-code\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Check of bolts according to Hong Kong Code (HKG)</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-according-to-is-800\">Check of preloaded bolts according to IS 800 (India)</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-and-preloaded-bolts-according-to-sp\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Check of bolts and preloaded bolts according to SP (Russia)</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-and-preloaded-bolts-according-to-as\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Check of bolts and preloaded bolts according to AS (Australia)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Bolt detailing </h2>\n<p><strong>How to set the distances</strong></p>\n<p>Edge distances used for bolt bearing resistance must be relevant for general plate geometries, plates with openings, cutouts, etc.</p>\n<p>The algorithm reads the real direction of the resulting shear force vector in a given bolt and then calculates the distances needed for the bearing check.</p>\n<p>The end (<em>e</em><sub>1</sub>) and edge (<em>e</em><sub>2</sub>) distances are determined by dividing the plate contour into three segments. The end segment is indicated by a 60° range in the direction of the force vector. The edge segments are defined by two 65° ranges perpendicular to the force vector. The shortest distance from a bolt to a relevant segment is then taken as an end, or an edge distance.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" data-image-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c166c28a-3f8f-4d50-99ba-857ed9b01e6c/Bolt%20bearing%20distances%201.png\" data-asset-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" data-image-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" alt=\"Bolt bearing distances (EN)\"></figure>\n<p>The spacing distances between bolt holes (<em>p</em><sub>1</sub>; <em>p</em><sub>2</sub>) are determined by virtually enlarging the surrounding bolt holes by a half of their diameter, then drawing two lines in direction and perpendicular to the shear force vector. The distances to the enlarged bolt holes that are intersected by these lines are then considered as <em>p</em><sub>1</sub> and <em>p</em><sub>2</sub> in the calculation.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" data-image-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b8152921-f220-412f-81de-8c8c83d7e2c2/Bolt%20bearing%20distances%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" data-image-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" alt=\"Bolt bearing distances (EN)\"></figure>\n<h2>Verification examples</h2>\n<p>We have prepared several verification examples to check the results in comparison with other computation methods.</p>\n<h4>EN</h4>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/bolted-connection-splices-in-shear\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bolted connection - Splices in shear</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/bolted-connection-interaction-of-shear-and-tension\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bolted connection - Interaction of shear and tension</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/haunched-joint-capacity-design\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Haunched joint – capacity design</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h4>AISC</h4>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/bolted-splice-connection\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bolted splice connection</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/bolted-flange-plate-moment-connection-lrfd\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bolted flange plate moment connection – LRFD</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/extended-moment-end-plate-connection-asd\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Extended moment end-plate connection – ASD</a></li>\n</ul>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n4ca72f7d_ade8_0141_ad6f_baebda5b563b\"></object>\n<h2>Patented technology for structural engineers</h2>\n<p>Do you know that our bolt model solution is a part of a U.S. patent? Read <a data-item-id=\"627bdc92-14f2-416a-b7ef-7df116ea3e73\" href=\"\">here</a> about our success story. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2546f7fb-18b9-4671-8e1b-238a6ec1b0e9\" data-image-id=\"2546f7fb-18b9-4671-8e1b-238a6ec1b0e9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a0abb5ad-7dba-4687-bfd8-e64fa9c03512/756213100-huge.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"2546f7fb-18b9-4671-8e1b-238a6ec1b0e9\" data-image-id=\"2546f7fb-18b9-4671-8e1b-238a6ec1b0e9\" alt=\"IDEA StatiCa Patent\"></figure>\n<h2> One bolt joint - our solution </h2>\n<p>Sometimes, the engineer needs to make a <strong>joint with one bolt only</strong>, especially if e.g. a hinge, a bracing, a rod, or a diagonal is expected. To model and calculate this kind of operation, you need to define a proper <strong>Model type</strong> of the member. More about it can be read <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/how-to-model-one-bolt-connection\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here</a>. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cca7ed64-cf29-48bd-bb61-96c49f4f1285\" data-image-id=\"cca7ed64-cf29-48bd-bb61-96c49f4f1285\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/edfb27a5-88b9-4f39-ac2b-bd319f37ee29/Model%20type%200.png\" data-asset-id=\"cca7ed64-cf29-48bd-bb61-96c49f4f1285\" data-image-id=\"cca7ed64-cf29-48bd-bb61-96c49f4f1285\" alt=\"How to model one bolt connection (Model type)\"></figure>\n<h2>Bolts, welds, and stiffness of a joint</h2>\n<p>Both bolts and welds have their advantages and disadvantages. One of the important aspects when choosing a joint is its planned stiffness. In general, a bolted joint is never as rigid as a welded joint. If you choose a bolt connection, we recommend calculating the stiffness of such a connection and taking into account the resulting stiffness in the overall structure. You can read what such a calculation looks like and what it entails <a data-item-id=\"6726bbc6-1826-4c43-9253-b8f6e0ab39a9\" href=\"\">here</a>, or watch this <a data-item-id=\"ab4c1281-d0ce-5c97-95ef-3c369206d272\" href=\"\">video</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3ad5d43d-0568-4816-837a-543530a44c5c\" data-image-id=\"3ad5d43d-0568-4816-837a-543530a44c5c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d43f402a-8463-4e51-b040-bcbadaaab500/stiffness.png\" data-asset-id=\"3ad5d43d-0568-4816-837a-543530a44c5c\" data-image-id=\"3ad5d43d-0568-4816-837a-543530a44c5c\" alt=\"stiffness\"></figure>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"untitled_content_item_a1697b4\"></object>"
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"value": "<h2>Theoretical Background</h2>\n<p>Read the essential information about the weld model in our Theoretical Background. The general part describes the computational model itself:</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/general-theoretical-background#Welded_connections_analysis\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Theoretical Background: Welded connections analysis</a></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"455c8fb8-27c8-4c3e-ab28-341376c03fa3\" data-image-id=\"455c8fb8-27c8-4c3e-ab28-341376c03fa3\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a62801a2-1d6a-4743-8627-e232e90e69d9/Structural%20design%20of%20a%20steel%20connection%20-%20Plate%20model%20and%20mesh%20convergence%201200%20x%20630.png\" data-asset-id=\"455c8fb8-27c8-4c3e-ab28-341376c03fa3\" data-image-id=\"455c8fb8-27c8-4c3e-ab28-341376c03fa3\" alt=\"IDEA StatiCa Connection theoretical background for the advanced structural design of steel connections. Description of weld finite element. Structural design of welded connection.\"></figure>\n<p>Specific parts of the Theoretical Background for each of the supported national standards:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"df238e7d-f2f3-4b2a-beec-3b7e8f11651e\" href=\"\">Code-check of welds (EN)</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"6a4c43f3-4910-44fa-9a88-a9f70967f647\" href=\"\">Code-check of welds (AISC)</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"cb00295b-bfcf-4c0f-8743-8532e311ca7b\" href=\"\">Code-check of welds (CISC)</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"538b8bcb-f287-4259-b4e2-787c9792c367\" href=\"\">Code-check of welds (AS)</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"5d152fe4-3e0b-4905-b4d2-56dd1e255416\" href=\"\">Code-check of welds (IS)</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"e301fcc8-cc43-42a4-8480-8a72357cd91f\" href=\"\">Code-check of welds (HKG)</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"0e848bd9-17f2-4448-83de-33c5b19bbde8\" href=\"\">Code-check of welds (GB)</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"dad4f217-a192-41c1-bd71-6b540978346e\" href=\"\">Code-check of welds (SP)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>You can find a clear demo of how the stress develops during the loading as well as the distribution of the stress along the long welds is discussed in the <a data-item-id=\"1bfd3251-61f8-5fec-b5a4-08d1a6fe5b5f\" href=\"\">How are welds modeled in IDEA StatiCa</a> article.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8c940183-360c-484a-ab14-dcfdcfbbd29b\" data-image-id=\"8c940183-360c-484a-ab14-dcfdcfbbd29b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9e3dc390-df9d-4ee5-a959-7c4cfa9aca3b/welds_distr.png\" data-asset-id=\"8c940183-360c-484a-ab14-dcfdcfbbd29b\" data-image-id=\"8c940183-360c-484a-ab14-dcfdcfbbd29b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Also, the welds and welded connections are discussed in our blog post articles <a data-item-id=\"de840e15-4e8e-4a27-8715-b8f27e643682\" href=\"\">Welded steel connections – to worry or not to worry?</a> and <a data-item-id=\"3caa8db0-05d2-4ae4-9175-763a14f01252\" href=\"\">Reduce weld costs by enhanced fabrication</a> (where a combination of the load transfer through a weld and contact in compression is discussed).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"eb79d5c6-d879-4afb-a5c1-5df03982810a\" data-image-id=\"eb79d5c6-d879-4afb-a5c1-5df03982810a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2a16ecdf-f660-47b6-bb32-9b9aeecf3314/6.png\" data-asset-id=\"eb79d5c6-d879-4afb-a5c1-5df03982810a\" data-image-id=\"eb79d5c6-d879-4afb-a5c1-5df03982810a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Weld size and length</h2>\n<p>There are different ways how the size of the weld is defined, depending on the region. Read the <a data-item-id=\"8af403c6-c098-56ce-96ee-3daaeaf4639e\" href=\"\">Weld size and length</a> article to find out, how IDEA StatiCa defines the weld size or in case you need to know the exact length of the weld:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"291e03d6-32ca-40af-903f-3620de689301\" data-image-id=\"291e03d6-32ca-40af-903f-3620de689301\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/67cc32f0-0506-4cdf-9637-0bc86dfefa54/Weld%20size.png\" data-asset-id=\"291e03d6-32ca-40af-903f-3620de689301\" data-image-id=\"291e03d6-32ca-40af-903f-3620de689301\" alt=\"Weld size and length\"></figure>\n<h2>Verifications</h2>\n<p>In our Support Center, you can find many verification studies describing the performance of different welded connection models as well as comparisons to laboratory tests.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/search?category=verification_example&q=weld\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Verification studies on models with welds</a></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5acc5b19-3a08-4b30-8dca-6793bcfd19a7\" data-image-id=\"5acc5b19-3a08-4b30-8dca-6793bcfd19a7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/47ea3d3f-dff3-49c7-8e5f-5abab34e343d/04-1-fig7.png\" data-asset-id=\"5acc5b19-3a08-4b30-8dca-6793bcfd19a7\" data-image-id=\"5acc5b19-3a08-4b30-8dca-6793bcfd19a7\" alt=\"Fillet weld\"></figure>\n<h2>Updates in versions</h2>\n<p>The following features are part of our release notes of IDEA StatiCa and may be related to the welds. Read more about the features in the dedicated articles under the links:</p>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"c1adb56e-c715-4213-b637-bc94b8f84def\" href=\"\"><strong>Check of missing welds</strong></a><strong> </strong>(version 20.1)</p>\n<p>We have added another useful tool to automatically help the user to find non-welded parts of the connection: the utility to analyze a connection model for potentially missing welds. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"450a4d6a-d571-4297-a195-63e33fdd30bc\" data-image-id=\"450a4d6a-d571-4297-a195-63e33fdd30bc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/12b10280-2125-44a3-b60e-6031f87a3e03/Missing%20welds.png\" data-asset-id=\"450a4d6a-d571-4297-a195-63e33fdd30bc\" data-image-id=\"450a4d6a-d571-4297-a195-63e33fdd30bc\" alt=\"Check of missing welds\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"d38299a4-0ea1-44c0-bf31-c2b61ad0d63b\" href=\"\"><strong>Import of recommended welds</strong></a> (version 20.1)</p>\n<p>When importing a connection from CAD software, there is now an option to add recommended welds. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"66cc6cf4-0454-4973-80d1-c036df7af58d\" data-image-id=\"66cc6cf4-0454-4973-80d1-c036df7af58d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e38caf39-0947-4aff-be81-7d3eb57ada99/Screenshot%202020-10-05%20122254.png\" data-asset-id=\"66cc6cf4-0454-4973-80d1-c036df7af58d\" data-image-id=\"66cc6cf4-0454-4973-80d1-c036df7af58d\" alt=\"Export of recommended welds\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"040fcb75-d544-4d75-bc49-182d150177d7\" href=\"\"><strong>Upgraded model of butt welds</strong></a> (version 20.1)</p>\n<p>The size of butt welds was corrected for edge-to-surface butt welds. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"401d916b-5fa2-4561-9051-9a6544652cea\" data-image-id=\"401d916b-5fa2-4561-9051-9a6544652cea\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/20b7b61e-2508-4f74-9c1e-355619627e82/Butt%20welds%20upgraded%20model.png\" data-asset-id=\"401d916b-5fa2-4561-9051-9a6544652cea\" data-image-id=\"401d916b-5fa2-4561-9051-9a6544652cea\" alt=\"Butt welds upgraded model\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"6a1966e1-7905-4ced-a002-c8f568072d4c\" href=\"\"><strong>Weld checks specifics as per Eurocode (EN) and Indian Standard (IS)</strong></a><strong> </strong>(version 21.1)</p>\n<p>To comply with the standards and to provide safety of the design, the strength value considered in the code check of welds is newly calculated from the strength value of the parent steel for EN and IS standards and the weld material itself.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5062c6bd-0e2b-4f50-817b-0540cb5d686d\" data-image-id=\"5062c6bd-0e2b-4f50-817b-0540cb5d686d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/59c4504e-b3b9-4dc2-8b14-4f121a23e1c3/Welds1.png\" data-asset-id=\"5062c6bd-0e2b-4f50-817b-0540cb5d686d\" data-image-id=\"5062c6bd-0e2b-4f50-817b-0540cb5d686d\" alt=\"Weld checks specifics as per Eurocode (EN) and Indian Standard (IS)\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"ddfe7eda-4125-461a-b0f1-90de133d5cc6\" href=\"\"><strong>Combining weld and contact operations</strong></a><strong> </strong>(version 22.1)</p>\n<p>Since version 22.1, the weld and contact operations can be combined.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e5be481f-5e66-43a8-8573-fdbc4d74a541\" data-image-id=\"e5be481f-5e66-43a8-8573-fdbc4d74a541\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4dd4d3e4-77f0-4c14-9801-e9183f26cca6/WaC.png\" data-asset-id=\"e5be481f-5e66-43a8-8573-fdbc4d74a541\" data-image-id=\"e5be481f-5e66-43a8-8573-fdbc4d74a541\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"102a323e-f663-4c3a-8a1e-1c95edec23c6\" href=\"\"><strong>Plate and weld clash check</strong></a><strong> </strong>(version 22.1)</p>\n<p>Plates, and parts of the model can be positioned in a way that collides with the other plates and members. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b2f8fc0a-893b-4d9a-8648-092ef3a5e88b\" data-image-id=\"b2f8fc0a-893b-4d9a-8648-092ef3a5e88b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d631a548-e7ca-4f84-a3c1-5c0207280cc0/clash3.png\" data-asset-id=\"b2f8fc0a-893b-4d9a-8648-092ef3a5e88b\" data-image-id=\"b2f8fc0a-893b-4d9a-8648-092ef3a5e88b\" alt=\"Plate clash warning\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"d0b2eca2-e40d-4ac8-bf4e-d2d0f8e09fbf\" href=\"\"><strong>Check welds of welded sections</strong></a><strong> </strong>(version 23.0)</p>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa can check the longitudinal welds of members with welded cross-sections now.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"388ba76a-be74-4fed-b0bb-9d7000ba1cad\" data-image-id=\"388ba76a-be74-4fed-b0bb-9d7000ba1cad\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b60903c8-dc26-4604-bc81-96d35d003afb/Welded-sections%200.png\" data-asset-id=\"388ba76a-be74-4fed-b0bb-9d7000ba1cad\" data-image-id=\"388ba76a-be74-4fed-b0bb-9d7000ba1cad\" alt=\"Check welds of welded sections\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b4706514-8348-4710-918e-fd6b6e80c5f5\" href=\"\"><strong>Improved weld check visualization</strong></a> (version 23.0)</p>\n<p>Weld checking using a finite element method differs from traditional design calculations. In traditional calculations, small eccentricities, deformations, torsions, Poisson coefficient, etc. may be neglected.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8f86157e-4555-4525-aff0-fb388b0d718f\" data-image-id=\"8f86157e-4555-4525-aff0-fb388b0d718f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/172ca452-c56d-40ca-afc4-9dc406734d70/weldchecktable.png\" data-asset-id=\"8f86157e-4555-4525-aff0-fb388b0d718f\" data-image-id=\"8f86157e-4555-4525-aff0-fb388b0d718f\" alt=\"Weld check table\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"5f4c7d1f-5145-4fa0-a9bf-535808187857\" href=\"\"><strong>Detailing improvements for bolts and welds in Eurocode</strong></a> (version 23.0)</p>\n<p>The Detailing check in IDEA StatiCa Connection is improved. Engineers may have a better overview of the design and code-check of bolts and welds thanks to thorough information and recommendations according to Eurocode provided in Check tables as well as in the Report.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6dca1495-d3ba-4128-84fc-1b5d279d3440\" data-image-id=\"6dca1495-d3ba-4128-84fc-1b5d279d3440\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9e0a6490-1e33-44fa-ab30-1247a201de0f/Detailing%20improvements_main%20image.png\" data-asset-id=\"6dca1495-d3ba-4128-84fc-1b5d279d3440\" data-image-id=\"6dca1495-d3ba-4128-84fc-1b5d279d3440\" alt=\"Detailing improvements for bolts and welds in Eurocode\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b4706514-8348-4710-918e-fd6b6e80c5f5\" href=\"\"><strong>User-defined welding electrodes</strong></a> (version 23.1)</p>\n<p>Weld material is an editable item in the <a data-item-id=\"898f72ce-7360-54a8-95b1-9b26a8d16346\" href=\"\">MPRL (Material and Product Range Library)</a>. This means you can define the welding electrodes independently on a steel grade of connected plates.</p>\n<p>To add a user-defined welding material, go to the tab <strong>Materials</strong>, add a <strong>Weld </strong>material, and <strong>Edit</strong> its properties.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"552c02a6-a54a-4149-83e2-d0c17d78561f\" data-image-id=\"552c02a6-a54a-4149-83e2-d0c17d78561f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/13eae981-ca17-401d-b1c8-7da0416d207e/Welds%20-%20autodesign%2C%20input%2C%20warnings%2C%20visualization1.png\" data-asset-id=\"552c02a6-a54a-4149-83e2-d0c17d78561f\" data-image-id=\"552c02a6-a54a-4149-83e2-d0c17d78561f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b4706514-8348-4710-918e-fd6b6e80c5f5\" href=\"\"><strong>General weld highlighted in the 3D scene</strong></a> (version 23.1)</p>\n<p>There is a simple improvement in the 3D scene of the Connection app for better orientation, especially in bigger connection models imported via BIM links from CAD applications.</p>\n<p>When a <strong>General weld or contact operation</strong> is selected, the weld in the 3D scene is highlighted in orange (by default).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c1e8146a-47c2-4147-9c75-5ae4e738622d\" data-image-id=\"c1e8146a-47c2-4147-9c75-5ae4e738622d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ae2aa532-e36b-4125-a8b6-80015ebb8df3/Welds%20-%20autodesign%2C%20input%2C%20warnings%2C%20visualization10.png\" data-asset-id=\"c1e8146a-47c2-4147-9c75-5ae4e738622d\" data-image-id=\"c1e8146a-47c2-4147-9c75-5ae4e738622d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b4706514-8348-4710-918e-fd6b6e80c5f5\" href=\"\"><strong>Warning for electrodes stronger than plates</strong></a> (version 23.1)</p>\n<p>When the <a data-item-id=\"5f4c7d1f-5145-4fa0-a9bf-535808187857\" href=\"\"><strong>Detailing</strong> <strong>check</strong></a><strong> </strong>is activated in the <strong>Code setup</strong> of the Connection app, users get a warning if a welding electrode material is stronger than the welded plates. This helps to ensure design safety standards.</p>\n<p>This applies to Eurocode (EN) and Indian standard (IS), which contain clauses defining that weld strength is determined by the smaller ultimate strength of connected plates and requirements that the added material of welding electrodes must be stronger than the parent material (EN 1993-1-8 – 4.5.3.2 and IS 800:2007 - 10.5.7.1.1).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bab985b6-6e6b-48eb-bff9-63acd1d8f859\" data-image-id=\"bab985b6-6e6b-48eb-bff9-63acd1d8f859\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e467c86d-22ea-47de-b048-7c2265a63cda/Welds%20-%20autodesign%2C%20input%2C%20warnings%2C%20visualization11.png\" data-asset-id=\"bab985b6-6e6b-48eb-bff9-63acd1d8f859\" data-image-id=\"bab985b6-6e6b-48eb-bff9-63acd1d8f859\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"139d124d-d3e0-463d-979a-86ae271d3e81\" href=\"\"><strong>Warnings for welds and bolts connecting the same plates</strong></a> (version 23.1)</p>\n<p>Connection design combining welds and bolts or bolts and preloaded bolts is unsafe and not allowed by codes. The Connection application automatically informs you if such a workflow is used in a project to ensure proper, safe design.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1cbe1a11-db46-4da7-ab2b-2f541984db0a\" data-image-id=\"1cbe1a11-db46-4da7-ab2b-2f541984db0a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f7b68cff-d260-4f8a-8ab2-048893e63b39/Bolts%20and%20welds_warning%20message.png\" data-asset-id=\"1cbe1a11-db46-4da7-ab2b-2f541984db0a\" data-image-id=\"1cbe1a11-db46-4da7-ab2b-2f541984db0a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"0248496a-4acc-4b33-8842-4afe0bd9e802\" href=\"\"><strong>Autodesign of welds to ductility/full-strength/overstrength</strong></a> (version 24.0)</p>\n<p>Automatic weld sizing removes the tedious and time-consuming manual input and check of each weld. With the automating algorithm, IDEA StatiCa provides faster modeling and absolutely safe design of welded connections.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"69d70cd1-f9f7-47d5-8b4d-8226620d5ec9\" data-image-id=\"69d70cd1-f9f7-47d5-8b4d-8226620d5ec9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/202ed4a2-278b-466c-b2d2-47023adfa727/Weld%20sizing%20to%20ductility1.png\" data-asset-id=\"69d70cd1-f9f7-47d5-8b4d-8226620d5ec9\" data-image-id=\"69d70cd1-f9f7-47d5-8b4d-8226620d5ec9\" alt=\"Weld sizing to ductility\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b5fdc985-c8bd-41af-abf8-d6722fc84d43\" href=\"\"><strong>Automatic weld sizing to capacity estimation</strong></a> (version 24.0)</p>\n<p>Automatic weld sizing addresses the challenge of manually adjusting each weld size, which is both tedious and time-consuming. By automating this, IDEA StatiCa significantly helps you speed up the design process and fosters more consistent weld designs across projects.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0b97f49e-f205-43ee-b5de-00b203e18a3a\" data-image-id=\"0b97f49e-f205-43ee-b5de-00b203e18a3a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/139beb9e-2e4e-4581-8a6b-e076578371d0/Weld%20sizing%20to%20capacity%20estimation1.png\" data-asset-id=\"0b97f49e-f205-43ee-b5de-00b203e18a3a\" data-image-id=\"0b97f49e-f205-43ee-b5de-00b203e18a3a\" alt=\"Weld sizing to capacity estimation\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"d65d8320-3860-4fbc-984c-a73163766798\" href=\"\"><strong>Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) groove welds</strong></a><strong> </strong>(version 24.0, 24.1, 25.0)</p>\n<p>The integration of partial joint penetration groove welds, or partial joint penetration butt welds, or simply PJP welds in IDEA StatiCa Connection addresses the specific requirements set for PJP butt welds, distinct from those for fillet welds.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d6fde932-e78a-4406-835a-8ff0ea82666c\" data-image-id=\"d6fde932-e78a-4406-835a-8ff0ea82666c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d8a95f95-4aa5-4b9e-9b51-d58130c4afab/Partial%20Joint%20Penetration%20%28PJP%29%20groove%20weld.png\" data-asset-id=\"d6fde932-e78a-4406-835a-8ff0ea82666c\" data-image-id=\"d6fde932-e78a-4406-835a-8ff0ea82666c\" alt=\"Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) groove weld\"></figure>\n<p>The size of a partial penetration weld is taken into analysis with the same value as inputted. IDEA StatiCa applies no adjustments, such as reduction of the nominal weld size - this is on the user side before the input.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4a731e96-e34c-4966-ad18-956f693bdf7d\" data-image-id=\"4a731e96-e34c-4966-ad18-956f693bdf7d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1dd7c48e-f81a-4570-a239-8aa1a096c24d/Partial%20Joint%20Penetration%20%28PJP%29%20groove%20welds%2018.png\" data-asset-id=\"4a731e96-e34c-4966-ad18-956f693bdf7d\" data-image-id=\"4a731e96-e34c-4966-ad18-956f693bdf7d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>Warnings related to weld elements (version 24.1)</strong></p>\n<p>There are two types of warnings embedded:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>'Weld type changed to Butt weld due to edge-to-edge connection' (change of weld type caused by modeling action)</li>\n <li>'Weld was not created due to geometry restrictions' (covering situations when inaccuracies in geometry cause unsuccessful weld creation)</li>\n</ul>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b69964d5-581d-4184-bddd-80b58f80a902\" href=\"\"><strong>Regional improvements (version 25.0)</strong></a></p>\n<p>For local engineers, version 25.0 offers several improvements like PJP welds in Eurocode, implementation of the new ACI and not just for US engineers, anchoring checks for Chinese standard, differentiation of UK and US terminology, and more.</p>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"39838f72-2f1e-4385-9393-952efa63dc20\" href=\"\"><strong>Weld spreading area (version 25.0)</strong></a></p>\n<p>The weld spreading area is slightly changed in version 25.0. In the following article, it is clearly explained how the distribution of forces works from one plate to another through welds now.</p>\n<p>The weld spreading area differs greatly between butt welds and fillet welds. The spreading area from the plate edge to another plate surface is defined according to the following figure:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c98458a8-ce28-4e04-b397-4caa3bbe7d66\" data-image-id=\"c98458a8-ce28-4e04-b397-4caa3bbe7d66\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c15a1435-db8f-4d2a-84e1-51a0e516a84b/Weld%20spreading%20area%20v25.png\" data-asset-id=\"c98458a8-ce28-4e04-b397-4caa3bbe7d66\" data-image-id=\"c98458a8-ce28-4e04-b397-4caa3bbe7d66\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The force coming from the edge plate is then distributed into the nodes of the surface plate based on the vicinity of the node to the weld spreading area.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"99fa11e5-36be-46c2-9621-b7f333b81639\" data-image-id=\"99fa11e5-36be-46c2-9621-b7f333b81639\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7ab584c9-fd6e-4489-969d-fd851e41008e/Weld%20spreading%20area%20-%20nodal%20forces.png\" data-asset-id=\"99fa11e5-36be-46c2-9621-b7f333b81639\" data-image-id=\"99fa11e5-36be-46c2-9621-b7f333b81639\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>What does the change in version 25.0 entail?</p>\n<ul>\n <li>The spreading area was decreased for butt welds</li>\n <li>The spreading area of fillet welds now more accurately reflects the fillet weld size</li>\n <li>The thickness of the surface plate is now irrelevant for the weld spreading area</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Why were the changes made?</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Recently, we ran a <a data-item-id=\"7f29d59b-f37a-45fe-abf2-4bc19bc48be4\" href=\"\">joint project</a> with <a href=\"https://www.uc.pt/en/\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">University of Coimbra</a> and <a href=\"https://isise.net/\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ISISE</a>. The project goal was to create a series of numerical models in <a href=\"https://www.3ds.com/products/simulia/abaqus\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Abaqus</a> (general finite element software package with solid finite elements) and compare the results to IDEA StatiCa Connection (shell finite elements). The focus is on welded beam-to-column moment connections. The comparison shows that:\n <ul>\n <li>The results of rolled columns without a significant compressive force in the column are in good agreement </li>\n <li>The results of butt-welded columns are slightly unconservative (by 5.8 %). This is why this change – reduction of weld spreading area for butt welds – is made.</li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5de940cd-26fb-4fb3-893d-5ed36e92b164\" data-image-id=\"5de940cd-26fb-4fb3-893d-5ed36e92b164\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/577d9983-9802-49ac-b805-f267c33c2280/AbaqusCoimbra.png\" data-asset-id=\"5de940cd-26fb-4fb3-893d-5ed36e92b164\" data-image-id=\"5de940cd-26fb-4fb3-893d-5ed36e92b164\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"39492685-bd8a-4093-b540-660750c99c2f\" data-image-id=\"39492685-bd8a-4093-b540-660750c99c2f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/66a85600-5ee6-4108-8dc2-36a915e7e09f/Contemplated%20geometries.png\" data-asset-id=\"39492685-bd8a-4093-b540-660750c99c2f\" data-image-id=\"39492685-bd8a-4093-b540-660750c99c2f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Webinars and videos</h2>\n<p>In the past, we have held several webinars on the modeling of welded connections. You can find inspiration in the following recordings:</p>\n<h4>Welds & Bolts in IDEA StatiCa (AISC)</h4>\n<p>The <a data-item-id=\"b8ee28ec-bc18-4a92-8c48-5e922b160899\" href=\"\">webinar session</a> covers the theory behind bolts and welds and how they are modeled in IDEA StatiCa. Also, the operations of these two components will be detailed and some tips. Finally, the interpretation of the results will be explained and the formulas used to check that they meet AISC requirements.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n638c5345_fccd_016e_9e22_78511c4aee78\"></object>\n<h4>Understanding the weld results for Eurocode</h4>\n<p>The detailed table with results can be seen in all formulas, even with values. Directional stresses are provided too. The utilization of the weld is eminent. But overall utilization Utc is calculated from the capacity of the whole weld. Check how it’s working.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"db27997f_5f2c_0190_f326_366390069bd6\"></object>\n<h4>Can we find a match in weld stress to my hand calculations?</h4>\n<p>The stress in a weld is calculated in the main directions according to the EC and the results are provided in the results tabs. Though the analysis in IDEA StatiCa Connection is based on CBFEM, in simple cases, the stress can be compared to hand calculations to verify the resulting values.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n63023176_3295_0199_0aee_b79c4f0acd2d\"></object>\n<h4>Setting fillet welds along with an SHS web and a plate surface</h4>\n<p>Hollow sections and mainly the curved corners of their cross-sections are sometimes tricky to deal with regarding welding etc. See how to properly set a simple fillet weld on both sides of an SHS member, along with its corners that have to be connected to a surface of a plate.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n7dd0835d_34ec_0188_3513_fe397f6f40a8\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n05147820_d01e_015e_f3ca_579309c85ef7\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>Contact is effective only in compression while welds transfer shear and tension forces.</p>\n<p>A weld is very stiff and it has to be loaded to yield a bit and allow the contact to take effect. That means there is significant stress even for welds in compression with contact. However, that does not decrease the resistance of such a weld in shear.</p>\n<p>A fillet weld with contact has a new symbol: a triangle with an arrow (check and report). A symbol explanation was also added to the report.</p>\n<p>Users should be aware that welds are usually checked in compression. If a compressive load transmission is allowed by contact, the surfaces must be precisely cut and there must be no gap.</p>\n<p>When the member is cut precisely, it is possible to assume the transfer of compressive forces by contact and welds transfer only tensile and shear forces. This is commonly used especially for column bases, mostly in regions of Western Europe.</p>\n<p>Remember – it is the user's responsibility to ensure no gap and the precise cut of the member. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e5be481f-5e66-43a8-8573-fdbc4d74a541\" data-image-id=\"e5be481f-5e66-43a8-8573-fdbc4d74a541\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4dd4d3e4-77f0-4c14-9801-e9183f26cca6/WaC.png\" data-asset-id=\"e5be481f-5e66-43a8-8573-fdbc4d74a541\" data-image-id=\"e5be481f-5e66-43a8-8573-fdbc4d74a541\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Available in both <strong>Expert</strong> and <strong>Enhanced</strong> editions of <a data-item-id=\"f6acf868-1f2d-48e6-8ccb-711f6883d5f7\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Steel</a>.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n2e670c72_76dc_015a_3587_6a69174cea8d\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"e2feecea_e512_012a_79dc_49194cbe5572\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n52b4df58_eb92_013a_aee2_cef8ffbc927c\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>Для моделирования контактных поверхностей обычно используется стандартный метод «пенальти». Если в схеме имеется узел, проникающий в поверхность соседней пластины, то между этим узлом и пластиной добавляется «штрафная» жёсткость. В процессе итерационного расчёта эта жёсткость контролируется специальным алгоритмом («эвристическим») для достижения лучшей сходимости. Решатель автоматически определяет узлы расчётной схемы, проникающие в соседние пластины, и вычисляет распределение контактных напряжений между этими узлами и пластинами. Это позволяет создавать контактные зоны с разной сеткой на пластинах, как показано на рисунке. Преимуществом метода «пенальти» является автоматизация создания расчётной модели. Контактные зоны между пластинами существенно влияют на распределение напряжений между элементами узла.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"636a0d8a-150f-43a6-89a2-fc32d594385b\" data-image-id=\"636a0d8a-150f-43a6-89a2-fc32d594385b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c1c19e97-c73b-4e5c-b40e-1655f9e9d1d3/Structural%20design%20of%20a%20steel%20connection%20-%20Contacts%20between%20plates.png\" data-asset-id=\"636a0d8a-150f-43a6-89a2-fc32d594385b\" data-image-id=\"636a0d8a-150f-43a6-89a2-fc32d594385b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Пример, демонстрирующий работу контактных зон между стенками и полками Z-образных профилей</em></p>\n<p>Программа позволяет создавать контактные поверхности между</p>\n<ul>\n <li>двумя поверхностями (гранями),</li>\n <li>двумя краями (торцами),</li>\n <li>краем (торцом) и поверхностью (гранью).</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8ec0bea6-f990-4e43-81bf-a34c76e6dc74\" data-image-id=\"8ec0bea6-f990-4e43-81bf-a34c76e6dc74\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/02e3e1c2-223a-4a9f-800d-935e7b3dac76/edge-to-edge-contact.png\" data-asset-id=\"8ec0bea6-f990-4e43-81bf-a34c76e6dc74\" data-image-id=\"8ec0bea6-f990-4e43-81bf-a34c76e6dc74\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Пример контакта между двумя краями – торцом фланца и опорного столика</em></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e47c299b-4acd-4b1f-bfa6-ef1fd1d972ca\" data-image-id=\"e47c299b-4acd-4b1f-bfa6-ef1fd1d972ca\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/02d6ce4a-86b1-4eac-9525-c59772b520e3/edge-to-surface-contact.png\" data-asset-id=\"e47c299b-4acd-4b1f-bfa6-ef1fd1d972ca\" data-image-id=\"e47c299b-4acd-4b1f-bfa6-ef1fd1d972ca\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Пример контакта между краем и поверхностью – торцом нижней полки балки и гранью колонны</em></p>\n<p>Напряжения в контактных поверхностях могут быть отображены на 3D виде, а их значения выводятся в таблицу проверки пластин. Однако, эти значения не используются в проверках и носят исключительно информативный характер. Напряжения в пластинах из плоскости и за счёт давления слоёв друг на друга также не учитываются. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c159e0e3-13d4-46a1-8c23-e93ae0d81678\" data-image-id=\"c159e0e3-13d4-46a1-8c23-e93ae0d81678\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3762ca8b-a140-47c8-a32e-3e2db2d6ca4d/contacts.png\" data-asset-id=\"c159e0e3-13d4-46a1-8c23-e93ae0d81678\" data-image-id=\"c159e0e3-13d4-46a1-8c23-e93ae0d81678\" alt=\"\"></figure>"
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"value": "<h2>Введение</h2>\n<p>Что такое IDEA StatiCa Member? Это программное обеспечение для расчёта одного или нескольких стальных элементов с учётом реальных условий их закрепления и примыкающих элементов.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cc2022de-6af3-42e9-a875-2b78b7234833\" data-image-id=\"cc2022de-6af3-42e9-a875-2b78b7234833\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/74d4085a-18b2-4846-893e-28f37ae58e99/uncommon.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"cc2022de-6af3-42e9-a875-2b78b7234833\" data-image-id=\"cc2022de-6af3-42e9-a875-2b78b7234833\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Типичные примеры систем стальных конструкций</em>В настоящее время имеется множество современных программно-вычислительных комплексов (далее – ПВК) для расчёта и проектирования пространственных стальных каркасов – SAP2000, Robot, SCIA Engineer... Они удовлетворяют практически всем требованиям инженеров и проектировщиков стальных конструкций. Однако некоторые вопросы по-прежнему остаются открытыми. Вот основные из них:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Соединения, детали, узлы</li>\n <li>Общая и местная устойчивость элементов</li>\n</ul>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa фокусируется на более сложных проблемах расчёта стальных конструкций и предлагает следующие продукты для их решения:</p>\n<ol>\n <li>IDEA StatiCa Steel Connection для проверки узлов стальных конструкций любой топологии</li>\n <li>IDEA StatiCa Steel Member для разрешения сложных вопросов, связанных с устойчивостью элементов</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Каждый инженер сегодня, как правило, производит расчёт конструкций в специализированном ПО в пространственной постановке. Затем выполняются следующие проверки отдельных элементов:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Проверка сечений</li>\n <li>Проверка устойчивости.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>При этом используются вычисленные внутренние усилия и формулы, описанные в нормативных документах.,</p>\n<p>Аналогичный подход используется и в Steel Member.</p>\n<p>Инженер выполняет расчёт стальной конструкции (пространственной рамы) в специализированном ПВК на основе метода конечных элементов (далее – МКЭ). Затем рассчитываемый(ые) элементы и все соседние элементы, примыкающие к нему, выделяются из схемы и анализируются с помощью компонентного метода конечных элементов (далее – КМКЭ). В общих чертах, подход следующий:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Глобальный расчёт каркаса выполняется пространственной постановке в ПВК на основе МКЭ</li>\n <li>Нужные элементы моделируются с помощью КМКЭ</li>\n <li>Для примыкающих (соседних) элементов используется упрощённая модель, они также могут быть закреплены на концах</li>\n <li>Конструкция узлов прорабатывается с помощью графического интерфейса IDEA Connection</li>\n <li>Некоторые монтажные операции могут быть добавлены к рассчитываемым элементам, например, продольные и поперечные рёбра жёсткости, подрезки, отверстия и т.д.</li>\n <li>Нагрузки могут быть приложены на концах примыкающих элементов (принцип равновесия аналогичен тому, что используется в модуле Connection)\n <ul>\n <li>Нагрузки прикладываются к рассчитываемому элементу в привычном режиме как внутренние усилия, полученные в результате импорта модели и загружений. Пользователь может выбрать место их приложения, к примеру, по верхнему или нижнему поясу или по центральной линии.</li>\n <li>Примыкающие элементы загружаются обычными усилиями по концам</li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8e0094d0-5e3a-41b1-803e-5987063c0d01\" data-image-id=\"8e0094d0-5e3a-41b1-803e-5987063c0d01\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/27fcb565-bf6f-4539-be1f-6d7837cb8f22/column.png\" data-asset-id=\"8e0094d0-5e3a-41b1-803e-5987063c0d01\" data-image-id=\"8e0094d0-5e3a-41b1-803e-5987063c0d01\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>КМКЭ модель колонны: 1 расчётный элемент с точными условиями закрепления (анкеровка) и 4 примыкающих</em></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"86b2b918-9d8a-4faa-a804-6e053b11c491\" data-image-id=\"86b2b918-9d8a-4faa-a804-6e053b11c491\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/43045856-e046-4f37-8e0e-9638e078e5ff/frame.png\" data-asset-id=\"86b2b918-9d8a-4faa-a804-6e053b11c491\" data-image-id=\"86b2b918-9d8a-4faa-a804-6e053b11c491\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>КМКЭ модель перфорированной балки, опирающейся на две колонны</em></p>\n<p>Расчётная модель в Steel Member строится на основе КМКЭ. Здесь доступны три типа расчёта:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>ФНР - Физически нелинейный расчёт (нелинейный материал)</li>\n <li>ЛРУ - Линейный расчёт устойчивости (бифуркация равновесия)</li>\n <li>ГФНР - Геометрически и физически нелинейный расчёт с учётом начальных несовершенств</li>\n</ul>\n<p>SВ Steel Member инженер может выполнять привычные ему проверки, но на более высоком уровне:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Проверка сечений – достаточно использовать ФНР. Используется 5% ограничение пластической деформации.</li>\n <li>Проверка устойчивости – в ходе ЛРУ находятся формы потери устойчивости, тем самым давая понять характер начальных несовершенств для учёта геометрической нелинейности. Используется проверка на 5% пластические деформации или на достижение нагрузкой предельного значения (конец сходимости расчёта)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Аналогичный подход (КМКЭ) используется и в IDEA StatiCa Connection. Более подробно об этом можно узнать здесь:</p>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"d4aa2923-a94a-4c40-8fd8-93608acbf893\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Connection - Теоретические основы</a>.</p>\n<h2>Моделирование</h2>\n<p>Приложение Steel Member работает с многоуровневой моделью конструкции и различными комбинациями нагрузок. Основная задумка состоит в том, чтобы детально исследовать только некоторые выбранные элементы конструкции. Их мы будем называть «рассчитываемыми» или «расчётными».</p>\n<p>Помимо рассчитываемых элементов модель включает в себя:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Примыкающие элементы – все элементы, которые каким-либо образом связаны с рассчитываемым(и)</li>\n <li>Соединения – КМКЭ модели узлов, относящихся к рассчитываемым и примыкающим элементам</li>\n <li>Закрепления концов примыкающих элементов</li>\n <li>Нагрузки на рассчитываемые элементы</li>\n <li>Нагрузки на примыкающие элементы</li>\n <li>Усилия на концах примыкающих элементов</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4989c7b5-7df4-42c5-9985-d8e27133dd9f\" data-image-id=\"4989c7b5-7df4-42c5-9985-d8e27133dd9f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/cf0684ca-deed-49ba-8304-e0129cc27d64/Member_TB_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"4989c7b5-7df4-42c5-9985-d8e27133dd9f\" data-image-id=\"4989c7b5-7df4-42c5-9985-d8e27133dd9f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>КМКЭ модель элемента связевой системы, подверженной сейсмическому воздействию</em></p>\n<p>Рассчитываемый элемент выделяется из конструкции и исследуется отдельно от неё. Тем не менее, действие остальной части конструкции учитывается посредством других компонентов модели. Все нагрузки и примыкающие элементы должны быть заданы в 3D модели всей конструкции. В местах «подрезки», которые располагаются на концах примыкающих элементов, прикладываются внутренние усилия, как раз как мера воздействия оставшейся части всей конструкции. Таким образом отсеченная часть находится в равновесии. Это зачит, что для аналитической модели с точки зрения теории, не требуется никаких закреплений. КМКЭ модель более точна, чем теоретическая. Однако, это преимущество также приводит к нарушению условий равновесия. Поэтому здесь удобно пользоваться заданием опор на концах примыкающих элементов. Опоры должны быть заданы для того, чтобы отсечённая часть вела себя так же, как будто бы она была в составе всей конструкции. Программа позволяет задать граничные условия, которые удовлетворяют не только математическим требованиям, но и фактической ситуации. За соответствием КМКЭ модели реальной конструкции должен следить именно инженер, выполняющий расчёт. Это требует соответствующих профессиональных навыков и теоретических знаний.</p>\n<h2>Рассчитываемые (главные) элементы</h2>\n<p>Рассчитываемый элемент представляет собой элемент, к которому напрямую прикладываются нагрузки. Они могут быть приложены к верхнему или нижнему поясу, осевой линии или к отдельным пластинам на элементе с учётом фактической площади действия этих нагрузок. Рассчитываемые элементы в КМКЭ модели строятся полностью из пластинчатых конечных элементов.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3208eed4-4fa3-49c4-82ad-51ca1cb9d0c7\" data-image-id=\"3208eed4-4fa3-49c4-82ad-51ca1cb9d0c7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/6602295b-83a9-452f-8d00-0f334efd9360/Member_TB_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"3208eed4-4fa3-49c4-82ad-51ca1cb9d0c7\" data-image-id=\"3208eed4-4fa3-49c4-82ad-51ca1cb9d0c7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Модель рассчитываемого элемента</em></p>\n<h2>Примыкающие (второстепенные) элементы</h2>\n<p>Примыкающие элементы делятся на корневую (детализированную) и отброшенную (упрощённую) части. Корневая часть моделируется пластинчатыми элементами (КМКЭ модель в чистом виде), а отброшенная часть заменяется стержневыми элементами с 6 степенями свободы. Детально прорабатывается (моделируется пластинчатыми элементами) только та часть примыкающего элемента, которая расположена близко к рассчитываемому. Это значительно ускоряет расчёт. Концы примыкающих элементов закрепляются пользователем с помощью имеющихся опорных связей – трёх для поступательных степеней свободы и трёх – для вращательных (в локальной системе координат примыкающего элемента).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"aaed7cf1-07fc-4def-a9fb-d011d0198319\" data-image-id=\"aaed7cf1-07fc-4def-a9fb-d011d0198319\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7c5ee9a3-e53d-4902-977b-5fab6909d04b/Member_TB_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"aaed7cf1-07fc-4def-a9fb-d011d0198319\" data-image-id=\"aaed7cf1-07fc-4def-a9fb-d011d0198319\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Модель примыкающих элементов</em></p>\n<h2>Соединения</h2>\n<p>Соединения в местах крепления примыкающих элементов к рассчитываемым моделируются должным образом аналогично IDEA StatiCa Connection, поэтому их модель максимально приближена к реальности. Обращаем Ваше внимание на то, что в IDEA Statica Member они <strong>не</strong> проверяются, так как программа предназначена для оценки критических нагрузок именно на <strong>элементы</strong>, а не соединения. Надлежащая проверка соединений должна выполняться именно в IDEA StatiCa Connection.</p>\n<h2>Опорные связи</h2>\n<p>IIDEA StatiCa Member предоставляет второй уровень численного расчёта выбранного(ых) элемента(ов). Под первым уровнем будем подразумевать расчёт, который выполняется в широко распространённых ПВК на основе МКЭ. Второй уровень как раз оперирует теми усилиями, которые предоставляет расчёт первого уровня. Конструкция, нагруженная таким образом, будет находиться в равновесии.</p>\n<p>Уточнение модели (например, учёт эксцентриситетов элементов, их реальных длин и т.д.) и особенно наличие начальных несовершенств в ГФНР приводят к тому, что условия равновесия не выполняются. Поэтому рекомендуется закреплять конструкцию должным образом, руководствуясь инженерной практикой и теоретическими знаниями.</p>\n<p>Обычное опирание может быть задано на концах примыкающих элементов. Все три вращательные и три поступательные степени свободы могут быть исключены при необходимости. Опорные связи задаются в локальной системе координат элемента, к которому относятся.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"295a0d1a-3ccf-44ab-89ea-804e3508e5e1\" data-image-id=\"295a0d1a-3ccf-44ab-89ea-804e3508e5e1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/0eb1bc8e-7b45-4f65-99bf-f58fcb90ee58/Member_TB_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"295a0d1a-3ccf-44ab-89ea-804e3508e5e1\" data-image-id=\"295a0d1a-3ccf-44ab-89ea-804e3508e5e1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Опирание примыкающих элементов - прогонов. Перемещение по X и повороты по всем осям запрещены.</em></p>\n<h2>Нагрузки</h2>\n<p>Рассчитываемый элемент (или часть всей конструкции из нескольких элементов) должен испытывать воздействие тех же нагрузок, что и вся конструкция. Собственный вес учитывается автоматически, поэтому в модели задаются все остальные нагрузки в составе загружений:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Линейно-распределённые нагрузки на рассчитываемые и примыкающие элементы</li>\n <li>Внутренние усилия в опорных (конечных, крайних) сечениях примыкающих элементов</li>\n</ul>\n<h3>Распределённые нагрузки</h3>\n<p>Современные инженеры достаточно хорошо знакомы с распределёнными и сосредоточенными нагрузками, в том числе и в рамках работы с ПВК на основе МКЭ в 3D. Не стоит забывать, что эти нагрузки – лишь идеализированная модель, удобная при работе со стержневыми элементами. В реальности же таких нагрузок не существует. Действительные нагрузки, как правило, всегда распределяются по площади или какой-либо поверхности, или же элементы вовсе воспринимают нагрузки, передаваемые другими элементами через соединения и узлы.</p>\n<p>Пользователь может задавать нагрузки на рассчитываемые элементы, но для этого необходима дополнительная информация об этих нагрузках: место приложения – какая полка или стенка будет испытывать воздействие, а также ширину этого воздействия и т.д. Сосредоточенные нагрузки, к примеру, лучше следует задавать как распределённые по небольшой области с известной шириной и длиной.</p>\n<p>Линейно-распределённые нагрузки на примыкающие элементы прикладываются в обычном режиме, как в ПВК на основе МКЭ в 3D.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"31cdb58e-c37b-4740-9582-8581cf34a472\" data-image-id=\"31cdb58e-c37b-4740-9582-8581cf34a472\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3695fbae-5c2f-469a-8106-8b3277a173a7/Member_TB_5.png\" data-asset-id=\"31cdb58e-c37b-4740-9582-8581cf34a472\" data-image-id=\"31cdb58e-c37b-4740-9582-8581cf34a472\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Сосредоточенные нагрузки задаются как линейные, распределённые по области заданной ширины</em></p>\n<h3>Усилия на концах</h3>\n<p>По концам примыкающих элементов задаются внутренние усилия. Они прикладываются как реакции. Здесь реализован тот же подход, что и в модуле IDEA StatiCa Connection.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cc764761-3bcf-4d11-849d-37cb6f6baad0\" data-image-id=\"cc764761-3bcf-4d11-849d-37cb6f6baad0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bdce5327-5e95-404d-885a-83d0a10ff656/end_forces.png\" data-asset-id=\"cc764761-3bcf-4d11-849d-37cb6f6baad0\" data-image-id=\"cc764761-3bcf-4d11-849d-37cb6f6baad0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Internal forces as load actions at the end of related member</em></p>\n<h2>Практический пример</h2>\n<p>Рассмотрим процесс создания КМКЭ модели в Steel Member чуть подробнее.</p>\n<p>Пусть нам необходимо выполнить проверку стальной балки на устойчивость по изгибно-крутильной форме. При стандартном подходе вся конструкция рассчитывается в ПВК на основе МКЭ в трёхмерной постановке. Затем балка проверяется отдельно. Граничные условия считаются заданными; в нормативных методиках обычно опирание считается либо шарнирным, либо жёстким. В общем же случае узлы могут быть и полужёсткими. Выбор типа узла является ключевым фактором для оценки устойчивости по изгибно-крутильной форме. Решением этого вопроса занимается именно инженер-проектировщик, выполняющий расчёт. Вычисленные внутренние усилия сравниваются с предельными усилиями, найденными по аналитическим формулам в предположении потери устойчивости по изгибно-крутильной форме.</p>\n<p>Приложение IDEA StatiCa Member использует абсолютно те же принципы. Рассчитываемый элемент отделяется от всей конструкции. На граничных условиях внимание не акцентируется, так как соединения элементов моделируются точно. Несмотря на то, что условия закрепления примыкающих элементов и задаются пользователем, их влияние на величину критической нагрузки намного меньше, чем при стандартном подходе.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ff1920cf-80c8-469b-9f97-d2910059f8c1\" data-image-id=\"ff1920cf-80c8-469b-9f97-d2910059f8c1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3c04867f-df4f-46fe-a2c3-93e9f22f473d/girder.png\" data-asset-id=\"ff1920cf-80c8-469b-9f97-d2910059f8c1\" data-image-id=\"ff1920cf-80c8-469b-9f97-d2910059f8c1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Пример КМКЭ модели балки, состоящей из узлов, примыкающих элементов и нагрузок. Внутренние усилия прикладываются как реакции к примыкающим элементам. </em>Рассчитываемый элемент АМ1 – главная балка – испытывает воздействие равномерной нагрузки, приложенной к верхнему поясу. Узлы элементов моделируются и проверяются в IDEA StatiCa Connection.</p>\n<p>В качестве примыкающих элементов выступают колонны. Их нижний конец защемлён жёстко. Для верхнего конца колонны запрещены перемещения по осям Y и Z (поступательные перемещения из плоскости). Это позволяет учесть нагрузки от вышележащих конструкций (отсеченной части) и в данном случае приложить к ним продольную силу и изгибающий момент. Их величины соответствуют внутренним усилиям, полученным при расчёте в ПВК на основе МКЭ в 3D. Других нагрузок, действующих на колонны, нет.</p>\n<p>Помимо колонн в качестве примыкающих элементов выступают также второстепенные балки, которые крепятся к колоннам. Они закрепляются обычным образом (характерным для балок), а нагрузка прикладывается к ним по всей длине. На концах балки также запрещён поворот относительно оси Х (кручение).</p>\n<p>Конечно же, КМКЭ модель достаточно упрощённая. Тем не менее, такой подход более точно описывает поведение рассчитываемого элемента при изгибе, чем стандартный подход, основанный на аналитических формулах и задании конкретных граничных условий.</p>\n<p>Пояснения приводятся на следующих рисунках.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c4c53b46-1dd8-4d0f-bddf-ec278fa4f8b2\" data-image-id=\"c4c53b46-1dd8-4d0f-bddf-ec278fa4f8b2\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9404b896-8194-426a-b03c-0d51d40ada29/deformation.png\" data-asset-id=\"c4c53b46-1dd8-4d0f-bddf-ec278fa4f8b2\" data-image-id=\"c4c53b46-1dd8-4d0f-bddf-ec278fa4f8b2\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Деформированная схема главной балки при ФНР (физически нелинейном расчёте)</em></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4d8bf85f-5978-40a9-8698-781126639f8a\" data-image-id=\"4d8bf85f-5978-40a9-8698-781126639f8a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/13c6a0b4-a9de-4ec6-864a-b86132d11788/buckling.png\" data-asset-id=\"4d8bf85f-5978-40a9-8698-781126639f8a\" data-image-id=\"4d8bf85f-5978-40a9-8698-781126639f8a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Форма потери устойчивости, полученная в процессе ЛРУ (линейного расчёта устойчивости)</em></p>\n<h2>Расчёт</h2>\n<p>В IDEA StatiCa Member можно выполнять расчёт трёх типов:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>ФНР - Физически нелинейный расчёт (нелинейный материал)</li>\n <li>ЛРУ - Линейный расчёт устойчивости (бифуркация равновесия)</li>\n <li>ГФНР - Геометрически и физически нелинейный расчёт с учётом начальных несовершенств</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Первые два могут быть использованы для проверки элементов по нормам, к примеру, по General Method (EN 1993-1-1, Cl 6.3.4), но в большинстве случаев они используются для подготовки к третьему, наиболее точному типу расчёта.</p>\n<h3>Materially Nonlinear Analysis (MNA)</h3>\n<p>Физически нелинейный и геометрически линейный статический расчёт подходит для большинства элементов, для которых вопросы устойчивости не являются определяющим фактором. Основным назначением программы IDEA StatiCa Member является решение сложных задач, поэтому данного расчёта иногда бывает недостаточно для проведения комплексного анализа. ФНР необходим для выполнения других расчётов.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5ac1392f-2b33-431f-a753-4a4a04865ba9\" data-image-id=\"5ac1392f-2b33-431f-a753-4a4a04865ba9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/fcd4b9f8-bc8c-4a2d-a856-ca88544d6e9e/Member_TB_6.png\" data-asset-id=\"5ac1392f-2b33-431f-a753-4a4a04865ba9\" data-image-id=\"5ac1392f-2b33-431f-a753-4a4a04865ba9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Диаграмма работы материала в численных моделях</em></p>\n<h3>Линейный расчёт устойчивости (ЛРУ)</h3>\n<p>В данном расчёте конструкция считается идеализированной, без каких-либо несовершенств материала, для которого принимается упругая модель. В ходе линейного расчёта устойчивости определяется коэффициент <strong>α</strong><strong><sub>cr</sub></strong> – минимально возможный множитель к расчётным нагрузкам, приводящий к потере устойчивости упругого элемента. Коэффициент находится для состояния, когда нагрузка достигает критического значения по Эйлеру. В реальности, при наличии несовершенств, величина нагрузки может быть существенно меньше, поэтому рекомендуется следующее:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>При <strong>α</strong><strong><sub>cr</sub></strong><strong> > 15 </strong>– выполнять ФНР</li>\n <li>При <strong>α</strong><strong><sub>cr</sub></strong><strong> < 15 </strong>– выполнять ГФНР</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Другим, но не менее важным назначением ЛРУ, является нахождение формы потери устойчивости. Это даёт нам информацию о том, какая часть замоделированной конструкции теряет устойчивость. Пользователь должен проанализировать все формы потери устойчивости и выбрать определяющую форму для задания начальных несовершенств. Как правило, эти формы приводят к синусоидальной деформированной схеме рассчитываемого элемента, похожей на половину волны синусоиды или же к потере устойчивости наиболее гибких элементов (пластин).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"258facb0-b895-4cf6-b774-ef50daaf7a36\" data-image-id=\"258facb0-b895-4cf6-b774-ef50daaf7a36\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3aa9ad6c-a1c3-48d6-9b06-5cc919981a24/Member_TB_7.png\" data-asset-id=\"258facb0-b895-4cf6-b774-ef50daaf7a36\" data-image-id=\"258facb0-b895-4cf6-b774-ef50daaf7a36\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Первая и вторая формы потери устойчивости стойки Эйлера</em></p>\n<p>Форма потери устойчивости также даёт нам информацию о том, как будет происходить разрушение элемента при поперечном изгибе относительно второй или первой главной оси, при кручении (характерно для сжатых колонн) и изгибе с кручением (наблюдается в изгибаемых балках), а также при местной потере устойчивости (элементы с гибкими пластинами). Заметьте, в сложных конструкциях формы потери устойчивости могут представлять собой сочетание различных форм сразу нескольких элементов. Кроме того, если моделируется весь каркас, то, как правило, потеря устойчивости будет наблюдаться для всей схемы целиком, а не для отдельной балки или колонны. Об этом тоже следует помнить.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"613a16d2-8e5a-4e2e-902c-a272361d79e5\" data-image-id=\"613a16d2-8e5a-4e2e-902c-a272361d79e5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b99c56ac-04f4-4c53-a762-da1e0e06cd5e/Member_TB_8.png\" data-asset-id=\"613a16d2-8e5a-4e2e-902c-a272361d79e5\" data-image-id=\"613a16d2-8e5a-4e2e-902c-a272361d79e5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Изгибная, крутильная и изгибно-крутильная формы потери устойчивости</em></p>\n<p>Формы потери устойчивости напрямую используются для задания начальных несовершенств в ГФНР – самом сложном расчёте с точки зрения теоретической базы.</p>\n<h3>Геометрически и физически нелинейный расчёт с учётом начальных несовершенств (ГФНР)</h3>\n<p>Геометрически и физически нелинейный расчёт с учётом начальных несовершенств – самый наукоёмкий тип статического расчёта. Все несовершенства (различная толщина пластин, погибь, остаточные напряжения, неоднородность материала, смещения опор и т.д.) рассматриваются как эквивалентные геометрические несовершенства и могут быть заданы при помощи форм потери устойчивсти, вычисленных ранее в ходе ЛРУ. Пользователь задаёт эквивалентное амплитудное значение для нужных форм, которые потом будут учитываться при ГФНР. В следующем разделе приводится более подробное описание этих несовершенств.</p>\n<h3>Оценка результатов</h3>\n<p>Большинство нормативных методик оперируют двумя типами предельных состояний – 1 ПС и 2 ПС (по несущей способности и эксплуатационной пригодности).</p>\n<h4>Предельное состояние по эксплуатационной пригодности (2 ПС)</h4>\n<p>Нормы ограничивают величину перемещений (прогибов) в элементах. Эта проверка может быть выполнена путём обычного сравнения вычисленного прогиба рассчитываемого элемента с предельным значением.</p>\n<h4>Предельное состояние по несущей способности (1 ПС)</h4>\n<p>Предельное состояние по несущей способности возникает при достижении предельного значения главных мембранных деформаций – рекомендуемое предельное значение для них составляет 5 % или же при достижении максимальной нагрузки для элементов, подверженных потере устойчивости. Максимальная нагрузка достигается в тот момент, когда нарушается сходимость итерационного процесса решателя, так как модель загружена силами. Конец сходимости означает невозможность дальнейшего прироста нагрузки, приложенной к модели.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"79eb0528-0210-4433-a644-d4fac3c16a5a\" data-image-id=\"79eb0528-0210-4433-a644-d4fac3c16a5a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f9aee166-e79c-42f7-b772-e366135cee27/Member_TB_9.png\" data-asset-id=\"79eb0528-0210-4433-a644-d4fac3c16a5a\" data-image-id=\"79eb0528-0210-4433-a644-d4fac3c16a5a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Конец сходимости решения при ГФНР</em></p>\n<h2>Несовершенства</h2>\n<p>Несовершенстсва, как уже говорилось, представляют собой неточности опирания (смещения опор), остаточные напряжения в элементах, различные толщины пластин, погибь элементов и т.д. Все эти различные несовершенства заменяются одним эквивалентным геометрическим несовершенством. Будем различать три типа геометрических несовершенств:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Глобальные несовершенства конструкции</li>\n <li>Локальные несовершенства элементов</li>\n <li>Локальные несовершенства гибких пластин элементов</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Информацию по каждому из них можно найти в EN 1993-1-1 и EN 1993-1-5.</p>\n<h2>Глобальные несовершенства</h2>\n<p>Глобальные несовершенства конструкции описываются в EN 1993-1-1, Cl. 5.3.2 (3). Считается, что конструкция отклоняется так, как показано на рисунке ниже.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"49816952-a698-4e24-b839-5cab45446b5b\" data-image-id=\"49816952-a698-4e24-b839-5cab45446b5b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/61f0d4bf-61c3-4889-8c1f-eafcbbf86129/global_sway_imperfections.png\" data-asset-id=\"49816952-a698-4e24-b839-5cab45446b5b\" data-image-id=\"49816952-a698-4e24-b839-5cab45446b5b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Эквивалентное геометрическое несовершенство – горизонтальное отклонение схемы (из EN 1993-1-1 - Figure 5.2)</em></p>\n<p>Угол, характеризующий несовершенство, равен:</p>\n<p>\\[ \\phi = \\phi_0 α_h α_m \\]</p>\n<p>где:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><em>ϕ</em><sub>0</sub> = 1/200 – относительная величина несовершенства</li>\n <li>\\( 2/3 \\le α_h = \\frac{2}{\\sqrt{h}} \\le 1.0 \\) – понижающий коэффициент, зависящий от высоты h применительно к колоннам</li>\n <li><em>h</em> – высота конструкции в метрах</li>\n <li>\\( \\alpha_m = \\sqrt{0.5 \\left ( 1+\\frac{1}{m} \\right )} \\) – понижающий коэффициент, зависящий от числа колонн в ряду</li>\n <li><em>m</em> – число колонн в ряду, включая только те колонны, которые испытывают вертикальную нагрузку <em>N</em><sub>Ed</sub> не менее 50% от среднего значения по колоннам в рассматриваемой вертикальной плоскости.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Глобальные несовершенства следует учитывать при расчёте всей модели для вычисления корректных значений нагрузки. Эти несовершенства не нужно учитывать в КМКЭ модели в IDEA StatiCa Member, к примеру, если анализируется работа одиночной балки.</p>\n<h2>Локальные несовершенства в элементах</h2>\n<p>Локальные несовершенства элементов описаны в EN 1993-1-1, Cl. 5.3.2 (3). Они учитываются в виде относительной погиби элемента - <em>e</em><em><sub>0</sub></em><em>/L, </em>где <em>e</em><em><sub>0</sub></em> – амплитуда, <em>L</em> – теоретическая длина элемента (расстояние между узлами).</p>\n<table><tbody>\n <tr><td><strong>Форма потери устойчивости согласно Табл. 6.1</strong></td><td><strong>Упругий расчёт</strong></td><td><strong>Пластический расчёт</strong></td></tr>\n <tr><td><br></td><td>e<sub>0</sub>/L</td><td>e<sub>0</sub>/L</td></tr>\n <tr><td><strong>a0</strong></td><td>1/350</td><td>1/300</td></tr>\n <tr><td><strong>a</strong></td><td>1/300</td><td>1/250</td></tr>\n <tr><td><strong>b</strong></td><td>1/250</td><td>1/200</td></tr>\n <tr><td><strong>c</strong></td><td>1/200</td><td>1/150</td></tr>\n <tr><td><strong>d</strong></td><td>1/150</td><td>1/100</td></tr>\n</tbody></table>\n<p><em>Расчётные значения начальной погиби элементов (из EN 1993-1-1 – Table 5.1)</em></p>\n<p>Так как в Steel Member используется пластический расчёт, то следует опираться именно на правый столбец таблицы. Амплитудное значение <em>e</em><em><sub>0 </sub></em>следует выбирать в соответствии таблицей выше, преимущественно для сжатых элементов, в котором ожидается потеря устойчивости по изгибной, крутильной и изгибно-крутильной форме. Если элемент испытывает в основном изгиб, и основная форма для него – изгибно-крутильная, то амплитуда <em>e</em><em><sub>0 </sub></em>может быть уменьшена за счёт коэффициента <em>k = 0,5 </em>согласно EN 1993-1-1, Cl. 5.3.4 (3).</p>\n<p>Рассмотрим два примера:</p>\n<h4>Пример 1: Колонна</h4>\n<p>Колонна длиной 4 м нагружена продольной силой и коэффициент устойчивости α<sub>cr</sub> = 1,4 для первой главной оси и α<sub>cr</sub> = 1,5 для второй главной оси. Для остальных форм коэффициенты значительно выше. Тут следует рассмотреть два случая:</p>\n<ol>\n <li>Устойчивость относительно <em><strong>первой</strong></em> главной оси: Согласно таблице 6.2 выбирается форма <em><strong>“a”</strong></em>, соответствующая амплитуде <em>e</em><em><sub>0 </sub></em><em>/L</em> = 1/250 для пластического расчёта. Поэтому для ГФНР принимается величина амплитуды, равная 4000/250 = 16 мм, которая задаётся для <em><strong>первой</strong></em> формы. Затем по результатам ГФНР оценивается напряжённо-деформированное состояние конструкции.</li>\n <li>Устойчивость относительно <em><strong>второй</strong></em> главной оси: Согласно таблице 6.2 выбирается форма <em><strong>“b”</strong></em>, соответствующая амплитуде <em>e</em><em><sub>0 </sub></em><em>/L</em> = 1/200 для пластического расчёта. Поэтому для ГФНР принимается величина амплитуды, равная 4000/200 = 20 мм, которая задаётся для <em><strong>второй</strong></em> формы. Затем по результатам ГФНР оценивается напряжённо-деформированное состояние конструкции.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>За предельную нагрузку будет приниматься наименьшая из полученных. В качестве альтернативного варианта можно учесть сразу две формы потери устойчивости в рамках одного расчёта. При этом результат будет более консервативным, а расчёт займёт меньше времени.</p>\n<h4>Пример 2: Балка</h4>\n<p>Балка пролётом 6 м в осях (расстояние между узлами) загружена поперечной нагрузкой. В ходе ЛРУ было выяснено, что первая форма потери устойчивости – изгибно-крутильная с α<sub>cr</sub> = 1,9. По остальным формам коэффициенты существенно выше. Согласно таблице 6.4 выбирается форма <em><strong>“a”</strong></em>, соответствующая амплитуде <em>e</em><em><sub>0 </sub></em><em>/L</em> = 1/250. Так как оценивается изгибно-крутильная форма, то может быть использован понижающий коэффициент <em>k = 0,5.</em><em><strong> </strong></em>Для первой формы потери устойчивости в ГФНР задаётся амплитудное значение 0,5 х 6000 / 250 = 12 мм, после чего оценивается напряжённо-деформированное состояние конструкции.</p>\n<h2>Локальные несовершенства в гибких пластинах</h2>\n<p>Для элементов 4 класса следует учитывать локальные несовершенства пластин. Амплитудное значение несовершенства для панели должно приниматься равным <em>a/200</em>, где <em>a</em> – панель наименьшей длины согласно EN 1993-1-5, Cl. C.5.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3c24e3eb-5d6b-4e19-bfd6-0117da347858\" data-image-id=\"3c24e3eb-5d6b-4e19-bfd6-0117da347858\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bcf2854b-9463-4e53-94c8-01335eed3bfe/Class%204%20member.png\" data-asset-id=\"3c24e3eb-5d6b-4e19-bfd6-0117da347858\" data-image-id=\"3c24e3eb-5d6b-4e19-bfd6-0117da347858\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Местная потеря устойчивости гибких пластин (стенки балки)</em></p>\n<p>Хотя ГФНР может использоваться для назначения гибкости элементов, на сегодняшний день не было проведено достаточно верификационных и валидационных тестов, подтверждающих безопасность этого подхода. Поэтому рекомендуется пока воздержаться от использования IDEA StatiCa Member для гибких и тонкостенных элементов (4 класс конструкций.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"fb451868-e979-4af0-907f-ec198420bc31\" data-image-id=\"fb451868-e979-4af0-907f-ec198420bc31\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ca845bf6-8649-4976-8360-457c1219380c/Member_TB_10.png\" data-asset-id=\"fb451868-e979-4af0-907f-ec198420bc31\" data-image-id=\"fb451868-e979-4af0-907f-ec198420bc31\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Влияние несовершенств на численный расчёт гибких пластин</em></p>\n<h2>Задание несовершенств в IDEA StatiCa Member</h2>\n<p>IDEA Member позволяет задать несовершенства для каждой из полученных форм в виде абсолютной величины амплитуды. Обычно первой формы потери устойчивости с максимальной амплитудой по Табл. 5.1 из EN 1993-1-1 бывает достаточно. Для элементов с сечением 4 класса следует выбирать больше форм и использовать комбинацию как минимум первых двух. Для моделей с несколькими рассчитываемыми элементами также следует учитывать несколько форм.</p>\n<h2>Рекомендации для AISC 360-16</h2>\n<p>В AISC 360-16 не даётся прямой справки по расчёту элементов численным методом с использованием пластинчатых конечных элементов, поэтому рекомендуется использовать более подробные положения EN 1993-1-5. Пункт 1.3.3b ссылается на ECCS: «Расчёт горизонтальных связевых систем с жёсткими узлами (1984) с использованием методики эквивалентных геометрических несовершенств. Описание расчёта в неупругой стадии даётся в Appendix 1.3. Неупругий расчёт должен учитывать следующее:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Изгибные, сдвиговые, продольные и крутильные деформации элементов, а также другие компоненты деформаций и деформации соединений, вносящие вклад в перемещения конструкции – это решается путём использования ГФНР и разбивкой элемента на пластины.</li>\n <li>Эффекты второго порядка (включая P-Δ в большом, P-δ в малом, а также закручивание) – также учитывается в ходе ГФНР</li>\n <li>Геометрические несовершенства – задаются пользователем для нужной формы потери устойчивости из ЛРУ</li>\n <li>Снижение жёсткости вследствие неупругости, включая частичную пластику в сечении, которая может усиливаться наличием остаточных напряжений – пока что их задать невозможно. Однако, согласно Appendix 1.3.3c моделирование остаточных напряжений может быть заменено пониженным модулем упругости <em>Е </em>и модулем сдвига, G до 80%.</li>\n <li>Неопределённость в конструкциях, элементах и жёсткости и прочности их соединений – покрывается использованием геометрических несовершенств и понижением жёсткости.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>В Appendix 1.3.3b говорится: «Во всех случаях расчёт должен напрямую учитывать влияние начальных несовершенств, вызванных как смещениями элементов относительно их начальных положений (несовершенства схемы) и начальными отклонениями от прямолинейности или смещениями элементов по длине (несовершенства элементов). Величина начальных смещений должна быть максимальной, учитываемой при расчёте и проектировании; вид начальных несовершенств должен быть таким, чтобы приводить конструкцию к наиболее нестабильному воздействию».</p>\n<p>Геометрические несовершенства описываются в п. С2.2: «Начальные геометрические несовершенства в запас считаются равными максимальным из допусков для материала, изготовления, возведения, разрешённых нормами AISC Standard Practice (AISC, 2016a): отклонение от прямолинейности равно <em>L/1000</em>, где <em>L</em> – длина элемента между местами раскрепления или закреплениями, а отклонение от вертикали равно <em>H/500</em>, где <em>H</em> – высота этажа».</p>\n<p>Отклонение от вертикали рекомендуется учитывать в процессе 3D расчёта в ПВК на основе МКЭ, а отклонение от горизонтали – в программе IDEA StatiCa Member.</p>\n<h4>Заключение</h4>\n<p>Если требуется воспользоваться подходом AISC, то в ПВК следует задавать отклонение от вертикали, равное Н/500, а в IDEA StatiCa Member – отклонение от прямолинейности, равное L/1000, понижая при этом модуль упругости при растяжении/сжатии и сдвиге коэффициентом 0,8. Обратите внимание на то, что этот подход не учитывает сложные моменты, связанные с наличием нескольких форм потери устойчивости, очень похожих друг на друга.</p>"
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"value": "<p>IDEA StatiCa Connection enables you to design your steel connections not only according to your code but it lets you optimize your model as well. Until now, it was just based on the designer's experience to decide what type of bolts, welds, plates, or anything else should be used, so the connection is still safe but also efficient cost-wise. </p>\n<p>We heard of a lot of calls from steel fabricators using IDEA StatiCa for the possibility to see the connection costs at the first glance. Obviously, what can be a couple of bucks on a single connection means a fortune for the whole construction. </p>\n<p>That is why the new <strong>IDEA StatiCa version 20.1 brings</strong> as one of its major novelties <strong>the possibility to calculate production costs</strong>. </p>\n<p>With this new feature, you can very quickly estimate the final price of the created design and optimize the connection concerning that. Of course, still keeping in mind the most important factor, the safety. </p>\n<p>Prices of individual connection components can be specified easily on a cost per unit weight basis in Settings. Costs can currently be defined for four basic entities:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Steel parts </strong>(plates and added steel members, grade dependent)</li>\n <li><strong>Welds </strong>(single and double fillet welds, ½ V and K butt welds, weld size dependent)</li>\n <li><strong>Bolt assemblies </strong>(grade and diameter dependent)</li>\n <li><strong>Hole drilling </strong>(as a percentage of bolt assembly cost)</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"054c5577-3ad0-436d-87c0-9324ab5a84ba\" data-image-id=\"054c5577-3ad0-436d-87c0-9324ab5a84ba\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/81256ef2-3d90-4c6a-96c8-28f650006dd0/Settings.png\" data-asset-id=\"054c5577-3ad0-436d-87c0-9324ab5a84ba\" data-image-id=\"054c5577-3ad0-436d-87c0-9324ab5a84ba\" alt=\"New design of cost settings \"></figure>\n<p>The resulting value is presented in the 3D scene view. The costs are updated in real-time according to manufacturing operations used in the design.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cf1d5615-88aa-41c8-9238-6f9a554d31e9\" data-image-id=\"cf1d5615-88aa-41c8-9238-6f9a554d31e9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e6899abc-8188-4b4c-9804-f840c0415a20/cost%20estimate.png\" data-asset-id=\"cf1d5615-88aa-41c8-9238-6f9a554d31e9\" data-image-id=\"cf1d5615-88aa-41c8-9238-6f9a554d31e9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The currency can be set according to your local preferences again in Settings. </p>\n<p>If you want your cost estimation to be a part of your final report, no problem with that. Just choose this possibility in the report project item settings. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"49b0f2a3-0cec-40cd-acc9-398563b3ca55\" data-image-id=\"49b0f2a3-0cec-40cd-acc9-398563b3ca55\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1e456d36-8017-4016-bf33-b746e81ced0d/Cost%20estimation%204.png\" data-asset-id=\"49b0f2a3-0cec-40cd-acc9-398563b3ca55\" data-image-id=\"49b0f2a3-0cec-40cd-acc9-398563b3ca55\" alt=\"Report (Cost estimation)\"></figure>\n<h3>See how it works</h3>\n<p>Watch the webinar recording part where our colleague Ryan introduces the Cost estimation feature. </p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"ccabf64c_35f4_011b_3eb8_d719b4b17611\"></object>\n<h2>Put the new version to the test</h2>\n<p>Cost estimation is definitely not the only improvement brought by the new IDEA StatiCa version 20.1 introduced at the beginning of October. Find the complete overview of new features and improvements for steel connection design condensed in our <a data-item-id=\"28c5e551-7dcf-4aed-93a1-97e001d6f3bc\" href=\"\">Release notes</a>.</p>\n<p>The best way to get to know all of them is to try them on your own. Just <a data-item-id=\"0dff6482-3e17-4ca2-bb66-b4abc6a8dde4\" href=\"\">download the new version</a> and ask for your free 14-day trial. </p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"b19285f2_4b1d_01ee_1a4e_c7dcf71f6680\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>Let me introduce you <strong>5 of the most recent shortcuts in the connection designing workflow </strong>you can use to spare some precious time.</p>\n<h2>#1 BIM-links</h2>\n<p>The BIM interconnections between calculation FEA structural software and model detailing CAD applications are well known. You can use global structure geometry, boundary conditions, material and cross-section properties from one software and use it in the other.</p>\n<p>But what about the assessment of the member connections?</p>\n<p>There are several connection-detailing applications, which made it possible to model a 3D model of every connection down to the smallest detail. But when you want to check whether everything works as it should, you had to model a separate calculation model with a high degree of inaccuracy.</p>\n<p>It can be history now!</p>\n<p>There is no faster way to assess any complex steel structure connection and create the code-check report. With the use of the BIM-link feature developed and implemented in IDEA StatiCa products, you can avoid duplication of work.</p>\n<p>It takes no more than three basic steps:</p>\n<ol>\n <li>Export the connection from your CAD app into IDEA StatiCa Connection. You can simply use the 3D model you already detailed in the CAD application.</li>\n <li>Export the loading from your FEA app into IDEA StatiCa Connection, where you apply node internal forces already calculated in your global calculation model.</li>\n <li>You finally mix both these inputs in IDEA StatiCa and you are will be able to check everything you are interested in.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Of course, sometimes you have to optimize the connection after the first attempt, but with the ‘synchronize’ function the iteration process feels more like fun than the work.</p>\n<p>Okay - maybe it’s not fun for long if you still have to do this checking for several joints one after another. That’s why the ‘bulk selection’ was created! With this feature, you can select several connections at once and assess them automatically. Our <a data-item-id=\"57d37a52-71c7-4b49-8a98-df21117d0e44\" href=\"\">blog post - Bulk selection</a> deals with this topic in further detail.</p>\n<p>It’s a dream come true for everyone involved in structural connections! This type of semi-automatic workflow is beneficial especially for persons responsible for the connection design, assessment and calculation code-checks.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c9562519-5211-43fd-be7f-1250f2256d6f\" data-image-id=\"c9562519-5211-43fd-be7f-1250f2256d6f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4116a35a-d28e-4e45-879b-844f4f1996a2/BIM-links_03.png\" data-asset-id=\"c9562519-5211-43fd-be7f-1250f2256d6f\" data-image-id=\"c9562519-5211-43fd-be7f-1250f2256d6f\" alt=\"BIM\"></figure>\n<p>There is plenty of different software used by Engineers. And accordingly, you can find plenty of tutorials describing their connection with IDEA StatiCa. <a data-item-id=\"222de7bd-bfbc-5601-9021-26e5b4a3e0a4\" href=\"\">Tutorial - How to combine Tekla and SAP</a> belongs among the most popular ones.</p>\n<p>As BIM links are crucial for efficient workflow, there is neverending progress in feature development for even better usage for Engineers. That's why it is good to go through one of our recent webinars - <a data-item-id=\"2d19ed52-e2a0-46e1-a262-f4a52ae62025\" href=\"\">The latest features of CAD BIM links</a> - not to miss any new widget.</p>\n<h2>#2 Use prepared templates</h2>\n<p>You don’t have to invent the wheel again, and again, and again...</p>\n<p>Although every structure is unique in some way, it’s very probable that the kind of connection you’re going to design was already constructed by someone before.</p>\n<h3>Starting wizard</h3>\n<p>In many cases, starting wizard screen templates can do most of the modelling work for you. Just after starting the software, you can find over 250 templates waiting just for final optimization.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ee34428b-59f1-48e5-a0d6-82318c74a0bc\" data-image-id=\"ee34428b-59f1-48e5-a0d6-82318c74a0bc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/6150087e-ef56-4020-ae6a-3b98b88af8ea/initial%20template.png\" data-asset-id=\"ee34428b-59f1-48e5-a0d6-82318c74a0bc\" data-image-id=\"ee34428b-59f1-48e5-a0d6-82318c74a0bc\" alt=\"template\"></figure>\n<p>For an introduction to these templates, look at our blog post about the <a data-item-id=\"c6fcb894-3dfa-48d1-a36c-1c48cc3886cc\" href=\"\">New wizard templates</a>.</p>\n<h3>Right-click (dynamic) templates</h3>\n<p>A great feature of dynamic templates is activated by the right mouse button. It’s like saying to the app: ‘ok, and now connect these two members together, please’, but much faster. By a few mouse-clicks, you create and several modelling operations at once.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8c783e08-f626-4d4b-957a-40cbed224667\" data-image-id=\"8c783e08-f626-4d4b-957a-40cbed224667\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/671e87de-63bc-4295-9d5f-3ecde54ee030/dynamic%20template.png\" data-asset-id=\"8c783e08-f626-4d4b-957a-40cbed224667\" data-image-id=\"8c783e08-f626-4d4b-957a-40cbed224667\" alt=\"template\"></figure>\n<p>Getting familiar with the <strong>Right mouse button</strong> features is highly recommended as they include the most useful and most needed functions. </p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"db2ba897_ed2c_01dc_f5cb_67f3a23bd105\"></object>\n<h3>Pre-design</h3>\n<p>This progressive feature creates the connections according to the pre-defined parameters - basically set up on the percentage of the member’s cross-section resistance.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3d035d23-ca5d-4534-9494-d8bf3a90b167\" data-image-id=\"3d035d23-ca5d-4534-9494-d8bf3a90b167\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1e75d2bc-c410-460a-abdb-05c37df0dee1/pre-design%20settings_02.png\" data-asset-id=\"3d035d23-ca5d-4534-9494-d8bf3a90b167\" data-image-id=\"3d035d23-ca5d-4534-9494-d8bf3a90b167\" alt=\"pre design\"></figure>\n<p>Once you discover and use this function, you won't stop using it. Get to it right now via our article dedicated to <a data-item-id=\"668f9fb3-5a55-4d20-bdd2-4b12f9a62d36\" href=\"\">Pre-design</a>. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ba70a8a5-0b57-45ac-ba7f-960016d620af\" data-image-id=\"ba70a8a5-0b57-45ac-ba7f-960016d620af\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c1bb2590-4744-4aab-bd1c-63b160972545/pre-design_02.png\" data-asset-id=\"ba70a8a5-0b57-45ac-ba7f-960016d620af\" data-image-id=\"ba70a8a5-0b57-45ac-ba7f-960016d620af\" alt=\"pre-design\"></figure>\n<h3>User templates</h3>\n<p>It’s quite common that every Structural engineer or Construction company has its own specific style in which the steel connections are designed and manufactured. These specifics vary depending on the region and customs. That’s why it’s not possible to create one bunch of connections serving all the users equally. </p>\n<p>But it is possible (and highly recommended) for all users to work with templates created on their own. This function is covered by the Template manager. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bf57d3f5-f176-4f62-934f-1beb81dadc5f\" data-image-id=\"bf57d3f5-f176-4f62-934f-1beb81dadc5f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/664a94be-3973-4cfa-84a7-ca2491b434fb/user%20template_02.png\" data-asset-id=\"bf57d3f5-f176-4f62-934f-1beb81dadc5f\" data-image-id=\"bf57d3f5-f176-4f62-934f-1beb81dadc5f\" alt=\"template\"></figure>\n<p>Here you can store and manage connection templates just according to your habits and needs. How to save them and re-use them is discussed in our <a data-item-id=\"eb5ed311-0f6d-55c8-af67-aef19c91bcde\" href=\"\">webinar - Templates and sharing</a>.</p>\n<h3>Sample projects</h3>\n<p>Dozens of connection design project samples are <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center-sample-projects?product=steel\">available in the Support Center</a>, and we are adding more of them continuously. Pinned, bolted, or welded connections, dogbones, beams, base plates, anchors, whatever you need... </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c5414e0e-a3d8-4fc3-8679-47e5eb2822e1\" data-image-id=\"c5414e0e-a3d8-4fc3-8679-47e5eb2822e1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/24b39ff0-cbf0-48e4-afcc-0e3705185d45/Sampe%20projects.png\" data-asset-id=\"c5414e0e-a3d8-4fc3-8679-47e5eb2822e1\" data-image-id=\"c5414e0e-a3d8-4fc3-8679-47e5eb2822e1\" alt=\"sample projects\"></figure>\n<p>There is nothing more for you to do just to find the one most appropriate to your design, download it, and adjust it to your own project. <strong>Simple, straightforward, free.</strong> The <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/all?category=sample_project\">Sample projects</a> category is a great type of content, where you can find new inspiration and also the overview of IDEA StatiCa apps capabilities presented on the real-world practical use.</p>\n<h2>#3 Support center</h2>\n<p>Often the significant part of the designing time is spent on looking for appropriate information related to the particular structure, code requirements or specifics of the design. This could be the crucial time-saving: reliable information source (without a lengthy search in design manual books or several different internet resources).</p>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center\">Support center</a> is a complex quality information source - it contains tons of information dedicated to connection design. And with a robust and sophisticated search algorithm, you get the best results suiting your needs.</p>\n<p>One word and you get plenty of useful resource materials.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bcc6c3e2-34cb-46e9-882d-ca692f65a15e\" data-image-id=\"bcc6c3e2-34cb-46e9-882d-ca692f65a15e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/49a5c22e-f825-4865-8de1-4cfff10c1f55/Support%20center_02.png\" data-asset-id=\"bcc6c3e2-34cb-46e9-882d-ca692f65a15e\" data-image-id=\"bcc6c3e2-34cb-46e9-882d-ca692f65a15e\" alt=\"support center\"></figure>\n<p>As all of us have different preferences of sources, you can choose a form of information suiting your actual needs. Information is provided in various forms. </p>\n<p>Just see, how much content related to <strong>connection design</strong> is available just for you (data by Feb, 2021):</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/all?product=connection_design&category=webinar\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">69 webinars</a>,</li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/all?product=connection_design&category=webinar\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">34 tutorials and BIM link tutorials</a>,</li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/all?product=connection_design&category=knowledgebase_article&category=faq\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">over 200 knowledge base articles</a>,</li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/all?product=connection_design&category=verification_example&category=scientific_article\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">80 verification articles and examples</a>,</li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/sample-projects-for-steel-connection-design\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">50 sample projects </a></li>\n <li>and many more.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>#4 Project Viewer</h2>\n<p>One of the fastest ways to communicate your ideas about the connection design is to show your 3D model to your business partners on the cloud through the web browser (see e.g. <a data-item-id=\"5b39bcd0-4f5e-463d-9ef7-b6dd5cdf58ee\" href=\"\">blog post - Project Viewer</a>).</p>\n<p>The advantages of this type of communication are quite obvious:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>your business partner doesn’t need to have the IDEA StatiCa application purchased or installed,</li>\n <li>an internet connection and web browser are the only necessities,</li>\n <li>it’s costless for both sides,</li>\n <li>no need to export the 3D model into 2D drawings through third-party software, while the viewer can export it directly to the general DWG format.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>#5 GitHub IDEA Open Model</h2>\n<p>If you use your own calculating FEA application or you model your connections in your own CAD software, you can still use the strength and advantages of IDEA StatiCa products. Our developers prepared an application programming interface (API) for interconnection between various software via the IDEA Open Model (IOM).</p>\n<p>And what’s the main advantage of the implementation of this feature?</p>\n<p>You can still use your own software you already paid for as well as IDEA StatiCa products – both software independently. But then you have to do some work twice.</p>\n<p>Or you can implement the IDEA Open Model and start using the advantage of direct import-export interconnections and avoid the necessity to model everything twice.</p>\n<p>You can find all the necessary details in our <a data-item-id=\"f38cae61-35a0-50a4-8bf6-e729d2901cb4\" href=\"\">blog post - IDEA Open Model</a> dedicated to this topic or directly on <a href=\"https://github.com/idea-statica\">GitHub web page</a>.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"untitled_content_item_a1697b4\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>To define the loads, you can use one of these five options:</p>\n<ol>\n <li><a href=\"#manual_input_table\">Manual input into the table</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"#manual_input_spreadsheet\">Manual input from a spreadsheet</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"#automatic_import_checkbot\">Automatic import using the BIM link (IDEA StatiCa Checkbot)</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"#load_transfer\">Load transfer from one Connection project to another</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"#percentage_load\">Percentage load based on the capacity of the cross-section</a></li>\n</ol>\n<p>Now, let's have a look at each of the options on the list.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"cf19f04b_c138_0105_15eb_b05f3c529aba\"></object>\n<h2>1. Manual input into the table</h2>\n<p>This is the basic and straightforward procedure: In the table of loads, you can load members by the set of six internal forces. </p>\n<p>Based on the selected \"Loads in equilibrium\" option, the table of unbalanced forces is displayed at the bottom. (Note: When the option is OFF, you cannot apply load on the supported member. For more, go to <a data-item-id=\"f32270b7-97ff-5d81-94b7-35e6b51c7dde\" href=\"\">Equilibrium and supporting member</a>.)</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7d2f3aad-9708-49aa-b79d-6ce1b60f5188\" data-image-id=\"7d2f3aad-9708-49aa-b79d-6ce1b60f5188\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a057a28e-1b23-4520-9835-293a9495f08a/Load%201.png\" data-asset-id=\"7d2f3aad-9708-49aa-b79d-6ce1b60f5188\" data-image-id=\"7d2f3aad-9708-49aa-b79d-6ce1b60f5188\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Different actions are available in the top ribbon, above the load table, or in the right-mouse-button menu. You can define several load cases, copy or delete the existing ones or unselect some load cases for the analysis (these will not be evaluated). </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"05c7d640-2173-4624-93fc-412284df6398\" data-image-id=\"05c7d640-2173-4624-93fc-412284df6398\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e208c1ea-d452-485c-bbf0-e1eb2e725b57/Load%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"05c7d640-2173-4624-93fc-412284df6398\" data-image-id=\"05c7d640-2173-4624-93fc-412284df6398\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>To display the diagram of the bending moment on the selected member, switch the view mode to <strong>Wireframe </strong>(right top corner of the 3D scene) and select the member in the load table. The red load in the scene represents the load in the support (reactions). </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"542bb31c-b99f-4d11-94f8-341f9e352be9\" data-image-id=\"542bb31c-b99f-4d11-94f8-341f9e352be9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/66b57ca3-a0bb-41e1-b614-1c677b84c045/Load%203.png\" data-asset-id=\"542bb31c-b99f-4d11-94f8-341f9e352be9\" data-image-id=\"542bb31c-b99f-4d11-94f8-341f9e352be9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Based on the selected model type, the corresponding cells in the load table are \"locked\" (preventing input). See more in the <a data-item-id=\"ac982d36-e45a-5d9f-93f8-344206647dc4\" href=\"\">How to model one bolt connection (Model type)</a> article. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"16d418dc-b1de-4b0a-94b9-fc79a9455a4b\" data-image-id=\"16d418dc-b1de-4b0a-94b9-fc79a9455a4b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ca5527b0-5084-4c61-afd5-6500cc0c0e31/Model%20type%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"16d418dc-b1de-4b0a-94b9-fc79a9455a4b\" data-image-id=\"16d418dc-b1de-4b0a-94b9-fc79a9455a4b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>To switch the units, see <a data-item-id=\"832da2a8-6d89-4598-84c5-dfc30515c634\" href=\"\">How to change units in IDEA StatiCa Connection</a>.</p>\n<p>Make sure you set the forces in the correct position together with the corresponding members' model types. Read the <a data-item-id=\"a25875d5-40c2-5ae8-8919-18016fad28ff\" href=\"\">How to define correct load position (Forces in)</a> article to understand the problem.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"c3723ce5_fe45_010e_167c_a220d30cddc9\"></object>\n<h2>2. Manual input from a spreadsheet</h2>\n<p>To save time or transfer the load from another source file (it can be your global analysis model or just another IDEA StatiCa Connection model), there is an option to input the load values of the table in bulk from a spreadsheet. Use the <strong>XLS Import</strong> button in the top ribbon.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b0bdeb04-45c9-41cd-8f4a-97b8207e9997\" data-image-id=\"b0bdeb04-45c9-41cd-8f4a-97b8207e9997\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b21bb9e8-28c4-45a1-a883-c013396a481e/Load%204.png\" data-asset-id=\"b0bdeb04-45c9-41cd-8f4a-97b8207e9997\" data-image-id=\"b0bdeb04-45c9-41cd-8f4a-97b8207e9997\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>In the figure, the Excel table consists of three load cases. Simply <strong>copy + paste</strong> the values (CRTL+C and CTRL+V).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7b1bd5ba-bcb1-4056-a0d8-7fa0a2e0c441\" data-image-id=\"7b1bd5ba-bcb1-4056-a0d8-7fa0a2e0c441\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/41f5be3f-578c-4f67-bd37-d40c85307534/Load%205.png\" data-asset-id=\"7b1bd5ba-bcb1-4056-a0d8-7fa0a2e0c441\" data-image-id=\"7b1bd5ba-bcb1-4056-a0d8-7fa0a2e0c441\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The values are automatically divided into three load cases. Ensure that the order of lines you are transferring corresponds exactly to the order of members in the Connection table of loads. You can <strong>rearrange</strong> the table using the arrows on the right. To avoid the first empty load case, use the <strong>Replace existing loads</strong> option.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"67fd8d57-6022-4512-b6ad-cd6f8de1fa4f\" data-image-id=\"67fd8d57-6022-4512-b6ad-cd6f8de1fa4f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9be3f133-c77a-4e35-bbfb-4e6da2b1c591/Load%206.png\" data-asset-id=\"67fd8d57-6022-4512-b6ad-cd6f8de1fa4f\" data-image-id=\"67fd8d57-6022-4512-b6ad-cd6f8de1fa4f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Once you confirm by OK, three load cases are created. The zero values in the table of unbalanced forces confirm that the import was done correctly. See also <a data-item-id=\"0a4c97f6-c58f-5ef2-8fe4-89943e9c4fdb\" href=\"\">How to import load effects from Excel sheet</a>.</p>\n<p>For a large set of load effects, consider using the <a data-item-id=\"f1af1623-b7a3-4b77-8562-18cddae30194\" href=\"\">Load Extreme Selection</a> function.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"60ae4962-7fb3-48fb-af03-b9e10cc2c5d4\" data-image-id=\"60ae4962-7fb3-48fb-af03-b9e10cc2c5d4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c11b4686-30a1-4b96-9847-b30392c94ba8/Load%207.png\" data-asset-id=\"60ae4962-7fb3-48fb-af03-b9e10cc2c5d4\" data-image-id=\"60ae4962-7fb3-48fb-af03-b9e10cc2c5d4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>To transfer the load from one IDEA StatiCa Connection model to another, you can also export the values into a table using the <strong>XLS Export</strong> button in the top ribbon. The load effects are saved as a CSV file. Nevertheless, there is also an easier way described in section 4 (Load transfer from one Connection project to another).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"77501ba5-0343-4a9e-812e-2c5cb06296bb\" data-image-id=\"77501ba5-0343-4a9e-812e-2c5cb06296bb\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b67e22df-fa31-4834-a0d9-9215e22d5f89/Load%208.png\" data-asset-id=\"77501ba5-0343-4a9e-812e-2c5cb06296bb\" data-image-id=\"77501ba5-0343-4a9e-812e-2c5cb06296bb\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"e5a2f174_fb20_01ff_9a86_4e88fd53d99d\"></object>\n<h2>3. Automatic import using the BIM link (IDEA StatiCa Checkbot)</h2>\n<p>BIM workflow is the essential functionality of IDEA StatiCa Connection. By using the BIM link, internal forces from all load combinations and load cases are imported at once. To make an easy and smooth transfer of not only the loads but also all the members and cross-sections, we have developed <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/bim-links\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IDEA StatiCa Checkbot</a>, an application enabling IDEA StatiCa Connection to seamlessly incorporate itself into the overall BIM process.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n45676c68_f083_0153_d416_9d104326cf55\"></object>\n<p>Please see the full functionality of <a data-item-id=\"4074acd5-0f5f-40f9-aa70-ac1ff373919d\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Checkbot in the dedicated article</a> or learn how to use it together with your FEA/CAD application in one of <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center-tutorials?label=checkbot\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">many of our tutorials</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4c8075e7-bfee-4b68-99b6-e70f346e703b\" data-image-id=\"4c8075e7-bfee-4b68-99b6-e70f346e703b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/059861ec-187c-4545-b669-8027a4db8013/Checkbot%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"4c8075e7-bfee-4b68-99b6-e70f346e703b\" data-image-id=\"4c8075e7-bfee-4b68-99b6-e70f346e703b\" alt=\"IDEA StatiCa Checkbot v 21.1\"></figure>\n<p>If you are not sure whether we are linked to the application you work with, please visit our <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/bim-integrations\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Supported integrations</a> site. Read more about the topic also in the <a data-item-id=\"765fe9a2-8335-43d4-b39f-1644fa998def\" href=\"\">BIM – The answer to all our (structural engineering) prayers?</a> blogpost. </p>\n<p>The unbalanced forces when importing the load using the BIM link are discussed in the <a data-item-id=\"ff3dbaee-d843-5143-b29c-de5620fc3d7d\" href=\"\">Unbalanced forces from BIM link import</a> article.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n72bc50e3_1627_01a7_81d1_db4e6f82ca8e\"></object>\n<h2>4. Load transfer from one Connection project to another</h2>\n<p>This is another option for transferring the load from one IDEA StatiCa Connection model to another. This may be useful, especially when you have a CAD model with designed connections and a structural model in an FEA program. In such a case, you can merge the loads from the FEA-exported connection model with your CAD-exported connection model and you are ready to run the analysis.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a48c7c30-afec-49a4-9411-5ebf0dc77b78\" data-image-id=\"a48c7c30-afec-49a4-9411-5ebf0dc77b78\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ab22f3e6-4cc8-4690-8877-0aef4ba1d3c2/How%20to%20combine%20Tekla%20Structures%20and%20SAP2000%20for%20steel%20connection%20design.png\" data-asset-id=\"a48c7c30-afec-49a4-9411-5ebf0dc77b78\" data-image-id=\"a48c7c30-afec-49a4-9411-5ebf0dc77b78\" alt=\"A step-by-step tutorial showing how to use the IDEA Code-check manager to import a 3D joint model from Tekla Structures and merge it with internal forces imported from a SAP2000. Structural design of welded and bolted steel connections.\"></figure>\n<p>Press the <strong>Connection Import</strong> button on the top ribbon.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cd93283f-5665-4d3c-a7ad-5d48a9cebac2\" data-image-id=\"cd93283f-5665-4d3c-a7ad-5d48a9cebac2\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1e09c965-7742-4bfa-a075-fb406f5798e8/Load%209.png\" data-asset-id=\"cd93283f-5665-4d3c-a7ad-5d48a9cebac2\" data-image-id=\"cd93283f-5665-4d3c-a7ad-5d48a9cebac2\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Then select the .ideacon file you want to import the load from.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c4383328-4cee-4b5f-bcd0-de31fd1a6ccf\" data-image-id=\"c4383328-4cee-4b5f-bcd0-de31fd1a6ccf\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f4762ada-0bc1-4251-8d11-b5c0ef816b91/Load%2010.png\" data-asset-id=\"c4383328-4cee-4b5f-bcd0-de31fd1a6ccf\" data-image-id=\"c4383328-4cee-4b5f-bcd0-de31fd1a6ccf\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>All the load cases are transferred to your new connection model.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3e181139-6f63-4555-9ba0-84d19b33401d\" data-image-id=\"3e181139-6f63-4555-9ba0-84d19b33401d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a92e2f7f-f726-46c3-8156-35e50cbecc8e/Load%2011.png\" data-asset-id=\"3e181139-6f63-4555-9ba0-84d19b33401d\" data-image-id=\"3e181139-6f63-4555-9ba0-84d19b33401d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>See the recording of our <a data-item-id=\"f49107c3-7d30-45ad-b171-60b3ca12a47c\" href=\"\">Tackling IDEA StatiCa Connection - BIM links</a> webinar, where the load transfer from one .ideacon file to another by the Connection Import function is explained to combine the Tekla and SAP2000 models. </p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"a0d09f15_0d95_0185_1713_ceed76a1886b\"></object>\n<p>The combined workflow is also described in our <a data-item-id=\"222de7bd-bfbc-5601-9021-26e5b4a3e0a4\" href=\"\">How to combine Tekla Structures and SAP2000</a> tutorial.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n0bcf50bc_61be_011c_a70c_5798f3fd78d8\"></object>\n<h2>5. Percentage load based on the capacity of the cross-section</h2>\n<p>This is a simple option for inputting the load effects: The members can be loaded by a defined percentage of the capacity of its cross-section. The setting of loads as a percentage of cross-section capacity is meant mainly as a simple tool. Setting loads in equilibrium is preferred.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2d1a91c7-5b2e-4310-b830-4b6f90947117\" data-image-id=\"2d1a91c7-5b2e-4310-b830-4b6f90947117\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9859cf4e-cb1a-411e-8406-39cf7de55279/Percentage%20loading%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"2d1a91c7-5b2e-4310-b830-4b6f90947117\" data-image-id=\"2d1a91c7-5b2e-4310-b830-4b6f90947117\" alt=\"Percentage loading\"></figure>\n<p>Read more about this feature in the dedicated <a data-item-id=\"b92caa67-b0b1-4a16-a385-8f4926f916b2\" href=\"\">Percentage loading</a> article.</p>"
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"value": "<p>The new version brings an improved algorithm for calculating the bolt spacing (<em>p</em><sub>1</sub>; <em>p</em><sub>2</sub>), end (<em>e</em><sub>1</sub>), and edge (<em>e</em><sub>2</sub>) <strong>distances for the Eurocode bearing check</strong>. This improvement is mostly relevant for general plate geometries, plates with openings, cutouts, etc.</p>\n<p>The algorithm reads the real direction of the resulting shear force vector in a given bolt and then calculates the distances needed for the bearing check.</p>\n<p>The end (<em>e</em><sub>1</sub>) and edge (<em>e</em><sub>2</sub>) distances are determined by dividing the plate contour into three segments. The \"end segment\" is indicated by a 60° range in the direction of the force vector. The \"edge segments\" are defined by two 65° ranges perpendicular to the force vector. The shortest distance between a bolt and an edge in the relevant segment is then taken as an end, or edge distance.</p>\n<p>The algorithm evaluates all plates connected by the bolt—the connecting plates (e.g., a splice plate), the member plates (e.g., a top flange), and the shortest distance is used.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" data-image-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c166c28a-3f8f-4d50-99ba-857ed9b01e6c/Bolt%20bearing%20distances%201.png\" data-asset-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" data-image-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" alt=\"Bolt bearing distances (EN)\"></figure>\n<p>The spacing distances between bolt holes (p1; p2) are determined by virtually enlarging the surrounding bolt holes by half their diameter, then drawing two lines in the direction and perpendicular to the shear force vector. When these lines intersect with virtually enlarged bolt holes, then the distances to these bolts are considered as <em>p</em><sub>1</sub> and <em>p</em><sub>2</sub> in the calculation.</p>\n<p>If the lines don't intersect with the visually closest bolt (even though the line misses the bolt closely), this bolt is neglected. If the lines don't intersect with any bolt, an infinite value is used.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" data-image-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b8152921-f220-412f-81de-8c8c83d7e2c2/Bolt%20bearing%20distances%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" data-image-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" alt=\"Bolt bearing distances (EN)\"></figure>\n<p>Available in <strong>Expert </strong>and <strong>Enhanced </strong>editions.</p>"
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"value": "<h3>Bolts</h3>\n<p>The initial stiffness and design resistance of bolts in shear are in <a data-item-id=\"06158daa-1491-4e83-ac34-4964bd5a3c63\" href=\"\">CBFEM</a> modeled according to Cl. 3.6 and 6.3.2 in EN 1993-1-8. The spring representing bearing and tension has a bi-linear force-deformation behavior with an initial stiffness and design resistance according to Cl. 3.6 and 6.3.2 in EN 1993-1-8.</p>\n<p>Design tension resistance of bolt (EN 1993-1-8 – Table 3.4):</p>\n<p>\\[ F_{t,Rd}=0.9 f_{ub} A_s / \\gamma_{M2} \\]</p>\n<p>Design punching shear resistance of bolt head or nut (EN 1993-1-8 – Table 3.4):</p>\n<p>\\[ B_{p,Rd} = 0.6 \\pi d_m t_p f_u / \\gamma_{M2} \\]</p>\n<p>Design shear resistance per one shear plane (EN 1993-1-8 – Table 3.4):</p>\n<p>\\[ F_{v,Rd} = \\alpha_v f_{ub} A_s / \\gamma_{M2} \\]</p>\n<p>Design shear resistance can be multiplied by reduction factor <em>β</em><sub>p</sub> if packing is present (EN 1993-1-8 – Cl. 3.6.1. (12)), and this option is selected in Code setup.</p>\n<p>Design bearing resistance of plate (EN 1993-1-8 – Table 3.4):</p>\n<p>\\( F_{b,Rd} = k_1 \\alpha_b f_u d t / \\gamma_{M2} \\) for standard holes</p>\n<p>\\( F_{b,Rd} = 0.6 k_1 \\alpha_b f_u d t / \\gamma_{M2} \\) for slotted holes</p>\n<p>Utilization in tension [%]:</p>\n<p>\\[ Ut_t = \\frac{F_{t,Ed}}{\\min (F_{t,Rd},\\, B_{p,Rd})} \\]</p>\n<p>Utilization in shear [%]:</p>\n<p>\\[ Ut_s = \\frac{F_{v,Ed}}{\\min (F_{v,Rd},\\, F_{b,Rd})} \\]</p>\n<p>Interaction in shear and tension [%]:</p>\n<p>\\[ Ut_{ts}=\\frac{F_{v,Ed}}{F_{v,Rd}}+\\frac{F_{t,Ed}}{1.4 F_{t,Rd}} \\]</p>\n<p>where:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><em>A</em><sub>s</sub> – tensile stress area of the bolt</li>\n <li><em>f</em><sub>ub</sub> – ultimate tensile strength of the bolt</li>\n <li><em>d</em><sub>m</sub> – mean of the across points and across flats dimensions of the bolt head or the nut, whichever is smaller</li>\n <li><em>d</em> – bolt diameter</li>\n <li><em>t</em><sub>p</sub> – plate thickness under the bolt head/nut</li>\n <li><em>f</em><sub>u</sub> – ultimate steel strength</li>\n <li><em>α</em><sub>v</sub> = 0.6 for grades 4.6, 5.6, 8.8 and 0.5 for grades 4.8, 5.8, 6.8, 10.9</li>\n <li>\\( k_1 = \\min \\left \\{2.8 \\frac{e_2}{d_0}-1.7, \\, 1.4 \\frac{p_2}{d_0}-1.7, \\, 2.5 \\right \\} \\) – factor from Table 3.4</li>\n <li>\\(\\alpha_b = 1.0\\) if the bearing check with \\(\\alpha_b\\) is deactivated in Code setup; if the check is activated, the value of <em>α</em><sub>b</sub> is determined according to EN 1993-1-8 – Table 3.4: \\( \\alpha_b = \\min \\left \\{ \\alpha_d, \\, \\frac{f_{ub}}{f_u}, \\, 1.0 \\right \\} \\)</li>\n <li>\\(\\alpha_d = \\min \\left \\{ \\frac{e_1}{3 d_0}, \\, \\frac{p_1}{3 d_0}-\\frac{1}{4} \\right \\} \\)</li>\n <li><em>e</em><sub>1</sub>, <em>e</em><sub>2</sub> – edge distances in the direction of the load and perpendicular to the load</li>\n <li><em>p</em><sub>1</sub>, <em>p</em><sub>2</sub> – bolt pitches in the direction of the load and perpendicular to the load</li>\n <li><em>F</em><sub>t,Ed</sub> – design tensile force in bolt</li>\n <li><em>F</em><sub>v,Ed</sub> – design shear force in bolt</li>\n <li><em>γ</em><sub>M2</sub> – safety factor (EN 1993-1-8 – Table 2.1; editable in Code setup)</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"de7215de-898d-4c3b-bd97-fa57ff69311e\" data-image-id=\"de7215de-898d-4c3b-bd97-fa57ff69311e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a7118264-bc51-467c-af9b-09b310aea86a/Bolt_check.png\" data-asset-id=\"de7215de-898d-4c3b-bd97-fa57ff69311e\" data-image-id=\"de7215de-898d-4c3b-bd97-fa57ff69311e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Edge distances used for bolt bearing resistance must be relevant for general plate geometries, plates with openings, cutouts, etc.</p>\n<p>The algorithm reads the real direction of the resulting shear force vector in a given bolt and then calculates the distances needed for the bearing check.</p>\n<p>The end (<em>e</em><sub>1</sub>) and edge (<em>e</em><sub>2</sub>) distances are determined by dividing the plate contour into three segments. The \"end segment\" is indicated by a 60° range in the direction of the force vector. The \"edge segments\" are defined by two 65° ranges perpendicular to the force vector. The shortest distance between a bolt and an edge in the relevant segment is then taken as an end, or edge distance.</p>\n<p>The algorithm evaluates all plates connected by the bolt—the connecting plates (e.g., a splice plate), the member plates (e.g., a top flange), and the shortest distance is used.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" data-image-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c166c28a-3f8f-4d50-99ba-857ed9b01e6c/Bolt%20bearing%20distances%201.png\" data-asset-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" data-image-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" alt=\"Bolt bearing distances (EN)\"></figure>\n<p>The spacing distances between bolt holes (p1; p2) are determined by virtually enlarging the surrounding bolt holes by half their diameter, then drawing two lines in the direction and perpendicular to the shear force vector. When these lines intersect with virtually enlarged bolt holes, then the distances to these bolts are considered as <em>p</em><sub>1</sub> and <em>p</em><sub>2</sub> in the calculation.</p>\n<p>If the lines don't intersect with the visually closest bolt (even though the line misses the bolt closely), this bolt is neglected. If the lines don't intersect with any bolt, an infinite value is used.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" data-image-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b8152921-f220-412f-81de-8c8c83d7e2c2/Bolt%20bearing%20distances%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" data-image-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" alt=\"Bolt bearing distances (EN)\"></figure>\n<h4>Bolts connecting thin-walled plates</h4>\n<p>Bolts connecting plates thinner than 3 mm, the provisions of EN 1993-1-3, Table 8.4 are used instead. </p>\n<p><strong>Bearing resistance:</strong></p>\n<p>\\[F_{b,Rd}=2.5\\cdot \\alpha_b \\cdot k_t \\cdot f_u \\cdot d \\cdot t /\\gamma_{M2}\\]</p>\n<p>where:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>\\( \\alpha_b=\\min \\left \\{ 1.0, e_1/(3d) \\right \\} \\)</li>\n <li>\\(k_t = (0.8 t+1.5)/2.5 \\) for 0.75 mm \\(\\le t \\le\\) 1.25 mm; \\( k_t=1.0 \\) for \\(t>1.25\\) mm</li>\n <li>\\(f_u\\) – ultimate strength of the connected plate</li>\n <li>\\(d\\) – bolt diameter</li>\n <li>\\(t\\) – thickness of the connected plate</li>\n <li>\\(\\gamma_{M2}\\) – partial safety factor for connections editable in Code setup; by default \\(\\gamma_{M2}=1.25\\)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Shear resistance, tension resistance, interaction of tension and shear, and punching shear resistance are determined according to EN 1993-1-8 – the same way as bolts connecting plates with a thickness higher than 3 mm.</p>\n<p><strong>Range of validity:</strong></p>\n<p>\\[e_1 \\ge 1.0 d_0 \\]</p>\n<p>\\[p_1 \\ge 3 d_0 \\]</p>\n<p>\\[e_2 \\ge 1.5 d_0 \\]</p>\n<p>\\[p_2 \\ge 3 d_0 \\]</p>\n<p>\\[ f_u \\le 550 \\textrm{ MPa} \\]</p>\n<p>\\[3 \\textrm{ mm} > t \\ge 0.75 \\textrm{ mm} \\]</p>\n<p>Minimum bolt size: M6 – checked as \\(d \\ge 6\\) mm</p>\n<p>Bolt strength grades: 4.6 – 10.9 – checked as \\(f_u \\le 1000\\) MPa</p>\n<p>The bolts will be marked as failing if they are outside the range of validity.</p>\n<h3>Preloaded bolts</h3>\n<p>Design slip resistance per bolt grade 8.8 or 10.9 (EN 1993-1-8, Cl. 3.9 – Equation 3.8):</p>\n<p>\\[ F_{s,Rd} =\\frac{k_s n \\mu (F_{p,C} - 0.8 F_{t,Ed})}{\\gamma_{M3}} \\]</p>\n<p>The preload (EN 1993-1-8 – Equation 3.7)</p>\n<p><em>F</em><sub>p,C</sub> = 0.7 <em>f</em><sub>ub</sub> <em>A</em><sub>s</sub></p>\n<p>The preloading force factor 0.7 can be modified in Code setup.</p>\n<p>Utilization [%]:</p>\n<p>\\[ Ut_s = \\frac{V}{F_{s,Rd}} \\]</p>\n<p>where:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><em>A</em><sub>s</sub> – tensile stress area of the bolt</li>\n <li><em>f</em><sub>ub</sub> – ultimate tensile strength</li>\n <li><em>k</em><sub>s</sub> – a coefficient (EN 1993-1-8 – Table 3.6; <em>k</em><sub>s</sub> = 1 for normal round holes, <em>k</em><sub>s</sub> = 0.63 for slotted holes)</li>\n <li><em>μ</em> – slip factor editable in Code setup (EN 1993-1-8 – Table 3.7)</li>\n <li><em>n</em> – number of the friction surfaces. Check is calculated for each friction surface separately</li>\n <li><em>γ</em><sub>M3</sub> – safety factor (EN 1993-1-8 – Table 2.1; editable in Code setup – recommended values are 1.25 for ultimate limit state and 1.1 for serviceability limit state design)</li>\n <li><em>V</em> – design shear force in bolt</li>\n <li><em>F</em><sub>t,Ed</sub> – design tensile force in bolt</li>\n</ul>\n<p>If slip of preloaded bolts is checked for serviceability limit state, they should be afterward switched to \"bearing – tension/shear interaction\" and checked for the ultimate limit state.</p>\n<h3>Fire design</h3>\n<p>Preloaded bolts are assumed to slip, so that the checks of bearing bolts and preloaded bolts are the same.</p>\n<p>Checks at fire and at ambient temperature are both performed and the minimum is selected as a design load resistance.</p>\n<p>At elevated temperature, bolts are checked according to EN 1993-1-2, Annex D. Note that the area reduced by threads is always used in shear check according to D1.1.1. </p>\n<h3>Detailing</h3>\n<p>Detailing checks of bolts are performed if the option is selected in Code setup. Dimensions from bolt center to plate edges and between bolts are checked. Edge distance <em>e</em> = 1.2 and spacing between bolts <em>p</em> = 2.2 are recommended in Table 3.3 in EN 1993-1-8. User can modify both values in Code setup.</p>\n<p>Minimum plate thickness of plates connected by bolts is checked. Plate thickness must be higher than 0.75 mm according to EN 1993-1-3 – Table 8.4.</p>\n<p>Information is issued if ductility and rotation capacity requirements for bolted connection in tension according to EN 1993-1-8 – 6.4.2 are not met. If bolt is loaded predominantly in tension, the thinner connected plate should satisfy:</p>\n<p>\\[t \\le 0,36d \\sqrt{\\frac{f_{ub}}{f_y}}\\]</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>The default sizes of bolt assemblies are according to EN ISO 4014 – Hexagon bolt heads, EN ISO 4032 – Hexagon regular nuts, and EN ISO 7089 – Plain washers – Normal series – Product grade A. </p>"
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"value": "<p>The position of the connected member within the operation Connecting plates has been changed in version 20.1. This has been done due to the whole model assembly in the application Connection and further development in interoperability with the application Member.</p>\n<p>In version 20.0 and older, the connected member was shifted when the Connecting plate operation was applied so that the member axis was centered with the tongue plate, while the connecting plate was centered with the axis of the bearing member.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"31956cc7-445d-472f-ab9f-a24279bf8eac\" data-image-id=\"31956cc7-445d-472f-ab9f-a24279bf8eac\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/796cec62-7a0f-44c7-b383-8aa440179c1a/Connecting%20plate%20eccentricity%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"31956cc7-445d-472f-ab9f-a24279bf8eac\" data-image-id=\"31956cc7-445d-472f-ab9f-a24279bf8eac\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>In version 20.1 and newer, the connected member is no longer shifted in order to keep its position, which means the connecting plate is now shifted and no longer centered with the axis of the bearing member.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"553c5d95-e086-4623-8cc8-06b6ca9bbeb4\" data-image-id=\"553c5d95-e086-4623-8cc8-06b6ca9bbeb4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4c4e5a3c-9dbd-42ce-9d98-f5edbdda5b05/Connecting%20plate%20eccentricity%201.png\" data-asset-id=\"553c5d95-e086-4623-8cc8-06b6ca9bbeb4\" data-image-id=\"553c5d95-e086-4623-8cc8-06b6ca9bbeb4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Any configuration can be achieved by changing the Plate eccentricity parameter as well as the required offset of the diagonal member.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"17a379e9-b676-4bb2-ba38-9ba56d35482c\" data-image-id=\"17a379e9-b676-4bb2-ba38-9ba56d35482c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b589a701-beca-49c4-ad97-63b85063daad/Connecting%20plate%20eccentricity%203.png\" data-asset-id=\"17a379e9-b676-4bb2-ba38-9ba56d35482c\" data-image-id=\"17a379e9-b676-4bb2-ba38-9ba56d35482c\" alt=\"\"></figure>"
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"value": "<p>This article shows how to model an inclined tubular member connected by a connecting plate to the base plate, which is anchored to the concrete block. This is a typical anchoring of a bracing member.</p>\n<p>1. Create a general stiffening plate to form the base plate.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"36e8806e-c4f0-4066-8823-89dbac282e7c\" data-image-id=\"36e8806e-c4f0-4066-8823-89dbac282e7c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e1797fb2-fe31-4e44-aeec-2e49695473fe/1-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"36e8806e-c4f0-4066-8823-89dbac282e7c\" data-image-id=\"36e8806e-c4f0-4066-8823-89dbac282e7c\" alt=\"How to model footing with connecting plate\"></figure>\n<p>2. Define general anchors with the operation Bolt grid to anchor the base plate to the concrete block</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"08105116-f1e3-4d85-8b84-e2ef7a868103\" data-image-id=\"08105116-f1e3-4d85-8b84-e2ef7a868103\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/cb4329fb-0bd2-4323-b2e2-05a760da5e80/2-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"08105116-f1e3-4d85-8b84-e2ef7a868103\" data-image-id=\"08105116-f1e3-4d85-8b84-e2ef7a868103\" alt=\"How to model footing with connecting plate\"></figure>\n<p>3. Add another general stiffening plate into the right position to create a rib passing through the tube adn weld it to the base plate.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9c508d86-be3f-44c8-83a6-259353cbca80\" data-image-id=\"9c508d86-be3f-44c8-83a6-259353cbca80\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/837c511c-f6e9-4822-a339-cf3b6f1392fd/3-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"9c508d86-be3f-44c8-83a6-259353cbca80\" data-image-id=\"9c508d86-be3f-44c8-83a6-259353cbca80\" alt=\"How to model footing with connecting plate\"></figure>\n<p>4. Add the connecting plate manufacturing operation and adjust its properties so that it produces two bolts. The plates are shaped in the Editor to a rounded shape.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"42524397-a12c-43f2-90e6-9a50a83d26e5\" data-image-id=\"42524397-a12c-43f2-90e6-9a50a83d26e5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a330c1d7-47ae-468b-b3a7-f5b58c61b9c8/4-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"42524397-a12c-43f2-90e6-9a50a83d26e5\" data-image-id=\"42524397-a12c-43f2-90e6-9a50a83d26e5\" alt=\"How to model footing with connecting plate\"></figure>\n<p>5. The footing with a connecting plate is ready to be calculated. To simulate the bracing member transferring normal and shear force only, switch the <a data-item-id=\"ac982d36-e45a-5d9f-93f8-344206647dc4\" href=\"\">model type</a> to N-Vy-Vz.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ad9cc9e2-609b-4e85-b1b5-f0d0e6eaf741\" data-image-id=\"ad9cc9e2-609b-4e85-b1b5-f0d0e6eaf741\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/8296f75b-ae48-4ae8-a14f-ea63631dde84/0-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"ad9cc9e2-609b-4e85-b1b5-f0d0e6eaf741\" data-image-id=\"ad9cc9e2-609b-4e85-b1b5-f0d0e6eaf741\" alt=\"How to model footing with connecting plate\"></figure>\n<p>See details in the recorded video.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"f42af944_8353_0145_c212_2f9efd3a39c9\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>IВ IDEA StatiCa можно очень просто редактировать форму пластин, с помощью которых создаётся модель узла (рёбра жёсткости, уширения и т.д.). </p>\n<p>В случае, если вам нужно изменить форму какой-нибудь пластины в узле, это проще всего сделать именно в Редакторе пластин. Здесь доступны различные операции: закругления, смещения, скосы, фаски и т.д.</p>\n<p>Для этого просто выделите монтажную операцию с нужной пластиной и запустите <strong>Редактор </strong>из окна её свойств:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"21801c40-ddb6-4110-8725-3005f7d552d9\" data-image-id=\"21801c40-ddb6-4110-8725-3005f7d552d9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2a9f47fc-539e-408f-97f7-37ede908c31d/edit_shape_1-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"21801c40-ddb6-4110-8725-3005f7d552d9\" data-image-id=\"21801c40-ddb6-4110-8725-3005f7d552d9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Кликните на одной из операций и введите нужное свойство. Например, как на рисунке ниже. Нажмите <strong>Принять (Применить), </strong>и изменения сразу же будут отправлены в модель.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1a73e9da-a288-4ab1-94c4-1b51b7425dd3\" data-image-id=\"1a73e9da-a288-4ab1-94c4-1b51b7425dd3\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ba71273b-9f44-46a9-b4d6-32b9e4310284/edit_shape_2-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"1a73e9da-a288-4ab1-94c4-1b51b7425dd3\" data-image-id=\"1a73e9da-a288-4ab1-94c4-1b51b7425dd3\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Посмотрите запись нашего вебинара, на котором была рассмотрена данная функция:</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n93b3d2a9_8588_01ad_0f76_ce86c9c25173\"></object>\n<p><br></p>"
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"value": "<p>The Code-check manager (CCM) for BIM links was improved by the possibility to select multiple joints of the global model in one go. This is feature is available for both CAD and FEA applications.</p>\n<p>In CAD apps, you will find a new button while in FEA apps, this feature works by selecting multiple joints in the global model and selecting the Connection/Member button in CCM.</p>\n<h2>Bulk selection in FEA software</h2>\n<p>In the FEA software select individual nodes one by one or drag over multiple nodes and select them as a bulk. Then click the <strong>Connection </strong>or <strong>Member </strong>button in CCM to import the data.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cef1fddb-6668-4742-b824-2bb67c1a99c2\" data-image-id=\"cef1fddb-6668-4742-b824-2bb67c1a99c2\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/726d8942-c761-4270-90e8-7f9691c972ac/BIMselection2.png\" data-asset-id=\"cef1fddb-6668-4742-b824-2bb67c1a99c2\" data-image-id=\"cef1fddb-6668-4742-b824-2bb67c1a99c2\" alt=\"Connections imported from Robot Structural Analysis by multiple selection feature\"></figure>\n<p>You can also use the <strong>Synchronize all </strong>function, after changing parameters in the structural model (e.g. load combination, a cross-section of a beam) to upload the new data to all the joints on the list while keeping the previously created design.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e9760022-8172-4b1c-9b61-4bddad5cb758\" data-image-id=\"e9760022-8172-4b1c-9b61-4bddad5cb758\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/214c4fd1-89f5-4eaa-8bf3-3e86f8b5c4ba/Code-check%20manager%20commands%2001.png\" data-asset-id=\"e9760022-8172-4b1c-9b61-4bddad5cb758\" data-image-id=\"e9760022-8172-4b1c-9b61-4bddad5cb758\" alt=\"Code-check manager commands\"></figure>\n<h2>Bulk selection in CAD software</h2>\n<p>For the CAD software, there are two buttons in the CCM - the <strong>Bulk </strong>and <strong>One</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5f292c23-1131-4144-a1cb-86758f269e34\" data-image-id=\"5f292c23-1131-4144-a1cb-86758f269e34\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2db3d858-7cf7-4963-b3f5-f90a1212dc7c/CCM%20Bulk%20selection.png\" data-asset-id=\"5f292c23-1131-4144-a1cb-86758f269e34\" data-image-id=\"5f292c23-1131-4144-a1cb-86758f269e34\" alt=\"Bulk selection\"></figure>\n<p>For <strong>One</strong> selection<strong> </strong>you need to process three steps - pick the node, select the members, and select the connection items, while hitting the spacebar to confirm each step.</p>\n<p>For <strong>Bulk</strong> selection drag over a part of the structure in the CAD model and hit the spacebar. </p>\n<p>The Bearing Member is chosen automatically using the selection algorithm (e.g. first a column is chosen). The node position is picked automatically in the cross-section center of gravity at the end of the ended bearing member or in the middle of the continuous member.</p>\n<p>Currently, the only way to change the automated selection it is to use the <strong>One </strong>selection instead, then it will be the first member selected.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n1672ccbd_5a64_01ca_f324_fc5344baea3e\"></object>\n<p>Find information about the BIM links limitations in related articles below this page or search in the Support center.</p>\n<p>Available in <strong>Expert </strong>and <strong>Enhanced </strong>edition.</p>"
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"value": "<h2>Общие рекомендации</h2>\n<p>Пожалуйста, обратите внимание на то, что элементы в IDEA StatiCa Connection - это просто стержни с сечением, к которым могут быть приложены нагрузки. Другие элементы задаются иначе, например, элементами усиления или набором из нескольких пластин. Об этих правилах стоит помнить при выполнении трёх этапов по импорту:</p>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li>Первый шаг. Выбирается точка, которая представляет собой <strong>узел </strong>соединения. </li>\n <li>Второй шаг. Выбираются <strong>элементы </strong>(к которым будут приложены нагрузки). </li>\n <li>Третий шаг. Выделяются <strong>все остальные части узла</strong> – пластины, болты, сварные швы и, самое важное, элементы, к которым не будут прикладываться нагрузки (корневые части стыков, элементы усиления и так далее).</li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>Всегда перед импортом проверяйте, чтобы между пластинами и элементами в модели Tekla не было зазоров, а также наличие и расположение сварных швов и их параметры.</p>\n<h2>Сечения и профили</h2>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa Connection позволяет импортировать огромный набор профилей из Tekla Structures. Процедура поддерживает следующие сечения:</p>\n<table><tbody>\n <tr><td>Тип сечения</td><td>Tekla - параметрический ввод</td><td>Tekla - ввод из базы данных</td></tr>\n <tr><td>I</td><td>X</td><td>X</td></tr>\n <tr><td>U</td><td>-</td><td>X</td></tr>\n <tr><td>L</td><td> X</td><td>X</td></tr>\n <tr><td>Круглые трубы</td><td>X</td><td>X</td></tr>\n <tr><td>Прямоугольные трубы</td><td>X</td><td>X</td></tr>\n <tr><td>Прямоугольные пластины</td><td>X</td><td>-</td></tr>\n <tr><td>Холодногнутые C-профили</td><td>X</td><td>X</td></tr>\n</tbody></table>\n<p>Под параметрическим вводом имеются в виду пользовательские размеры профилей заданного типа. Ввод из базы данных - встроенные профили из библиотеки Tekla.</p>\n<p>В процессе импорта в базе данных IDEA StatiCa Connection подпирается подходящее сечение и выбирается наиболее похожий профиль. Если соответствие не найдено, то откроется таблица сопоставления, где пользователь может сам выбрать нужный профиль из библиотек IDEA StatiCa.</p>\n<p>Сварные и составные профили не поддерживаются.</p>\n<p>При импорте следует также уделять внимание параметрам библиотеки сечений, так как в Tekla Structures не содержится информации о закруглениях прокатных профилей. Недостающие значение задаются из базы данных IDEA StatiCa Connection.</p>\n<h2>Сквозные отверстия и вырезы</h2>\n<ul>\n <li>Отверстия и вырезы в пластинах поддерживаются и импортируются. </li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9e8fb15a-136d-44f5-9cc9-34776b3a5620\" data-image-id=\"9e8fb15a-136d-44f5-9cc9-34776b3a5620\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/463ab80f-7ed2-44a0-8a02-74addc1533ed/C_KB_Tips%20and%20limitations%20for%20exporting%20from%20Tekla%20Structures_1_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"9e8fb15a-136d-44f5-9cc9-34776b3a5620\" data-image-id=\"9e8fb15a-136d-44f5-9cc9-34776b3a5620\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"50c8d68d-d76f-48b1-ae32-f7078a3c891e\" data-image-id=\"50c8d68d-d76f-48b1-ae32-f7078a3c891e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/073a3e22-474d-4667-8bc0-6f370c4b653e/C_KB_Tips%20and%20limitations%20for%20exporting%20from%20Tekla%20Structures_1_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"50c8d68d-d76f-48b1-ae32-f7078a3c891e\" data-image-id=\"50c8d68d-d76f-48b1-ae32-f7078a3c891e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p> Сварные швы в элементах с подрезкой не поддерживаются. Если сварку требуется задать, то это лучше сделать вручную в IDEA StatiCa Connection.</p>\n<h2>Сварные швы</h2>\n<p>Сварные швы импортируются в IDEA StatiCa Connection, однако, рекомендуется использование опции AROUND для сварных швов как наиболее подходящую.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"335ff8ac-244b-4a5c-9ebf-62bb42aa5d31\" data-image-id=\"335ff8ac-244b-4a5c-9ebf-62bb42aa5d31\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9ce99341-c5c8-46f4-87cc-9595aa613155/C_KB_Tips%20and%20limitations%20for%20exporting%20from%20Tekla%20Structures_1_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"335ff8ac-244b-4a5c-9ebf-62bb42aa5d31\" data-image-id=\"335ff8ac-244b-4a5c-9ebf-62bb42aa5d31\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>К сожалению, программа не способна распознавать некоторые сварные швы, поэтому рекомендуется проверять их наличие после импорта в IDEA StatiCa Connection. Если сварной шов не был импортирован, то лучше добавить его для каждой соединяемой пластины в Tekla.</p>\n<h2>Стыки и корневые элементы</h2>\n<p>Импорт стыков поддерживается, их выбор должен осуществляться на третьем этапе импорта вместе со всеми деталями узла (пластины, болты, сварка) – “Выберите части соединения”.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"74c8bfeb-8a8e-4d24-8313-8a202370549d\" data-image-id=\"74c8bfeb-8a8e-4d24-8313-8a202370549d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b0765647-e7a6-438e-b554-e1c6f534dde5/C_KB_Tips%20and%20limitations%20for%20exporting%20from%20Tekla%20Structures_1_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"74c8bfeb-8a8e-4d24-8313-8a202370549d\" data-image-id=\"74c8bfeb-8a8e-4d24-8313-8a202370549d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Анкеровка</h2>\n<p>Импорт анкеров не предусмотрен. В качестве возможного решения вы можете вручную добавлять опорную пластину в IDEA StatiCa Connection сразу после импорта.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1119019f-3347-474a-9daa-7a201259f209\" data-image-id=\"1119019f-3347-474a-9daa-7a201259f209\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/869e0c7c-8e36-45b7-98af-9cc69b8527e6/C_KB_Tips%20and%20limitations%20for%20exporting%20from%20Tekla%20Structures_1_5.png\" data-asset-id=\"1119019f-3347-474a-9daa-7a201259f209\" data-image-id=\"1119019f-3347-474a-9daa-7a201259f209\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Стержни в соединительных планках</h2>\n<p>Стержень, привариваемый к соединительной пластине, импортируется без сварных швов. Они могут быть добавлены в IDEA StatiCa Connection, но с помощью простой операции со сваркой. Соединительная пластина должна быть удалена и заменена новой монтажной операцией \"Соединительная пластина\", назначенная этому стержню и существующей фасонке.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0cf819d2-ed0c-4f9d-878d-e467a1f15931\" data-image-id=\"0cf819d2-ed0c-4f9d-878d-e467a1f15931\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3948ea17-14f4-4220-8ebc-2d0d06650dda/Known%20limitations%20for%20Tekla%20Structures.png\" data-asset-id=\"0cf819d2-ed0c-4f9d-878d-e467a1f15931\" data-image-id=\"0cf819d2-ed0c-4f9d-878d-e467a1f15931\" alt=\"\"></figure>"
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"value": "<h2>Общие рекомендации</h2>\n<ul>\n <li>Не забывайте, пожалуйста, что в IDEA StatiCa под элементами понимаются объекты, к которым прикладываются нагрузки. Все другие объекты моделируются иначе. Это правило соблюдается при импорте модели, который состоит из трёх этапов. На первом шаге отмечается сам узел. Элементы (к которым прикладываются нагрузки), выбираются на втором этапе. Затем, на третьем шаге, отмечаются все остальные объекты, входящие в узел – пластины, накладки, болты, сварные швы и, что самое главное, элементы, к которым нагрузки прикладываться НЕ будут (переходные участки, усиливающие элементы и т.д.).</li>\n <li>Лучший подход к конструированию узла – использовать макросы из меню Advance Steel Connection.</li>\n <li>Выбор узла – самый важный этап процедуры импорта. Наиболее удобный способ подготовить стальную конструкцию к импорту – переключиться на осевые линии элементов. Всегда обращайте внимание на пересечение этих линий – это поможет вам быстрее (и правильно) найти узел.</li>\n <li>Синхронизация (обновление данных) – сложный и комплексный процесс. Иногда при потере данных можно столкнуться с различными ситуациями, когда при изменении сечении балки пропадают данные о монтажных операциях (пример А). Переживать по этому поводу не стоит, эта проблема решается. Просто закройте IDEA StatiCa Connection и окно Code-check manager. После этого запустите плагин снова и запустите команду Синхронизация (Обновление). После этого данные будут восстановлены и все монтажные операции будут на месте (пример В). </li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bf501f6c-8e6e-4eb9-9423-a2cb3028714d\" data-image-id=\"bf501f6c-8e6e-4eb9-9423-a2cb3028714d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/baa6d572-204e-451f-a4ad-6e3ebb44cd00/CCMSynchronizace.png\" data-asset-id=\"bf501f6c-8e6e-4eb9-9423-a2cb3028714d\" data-image-id=\"bf501f6c-8e6e-4eb9-9423-a2cb3028714d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Отверстия и вырезы</h2>\n<h3>Подрезка с помощью отрицательного объёма</h3>\n<p>Подрезка элементов по отрицательным объёмам – самый простой способ создания вырезов и отверстий. Проще всего добавить в Advance Steel новый элемент (зёленая труба на картинке ниже). Этот элемент располагается так, что пересекает верхний пояс голубой балки, перпендикулярной ему. Вырез устраивается с помощью команды Element contour, UCS на панели инструментов Advance Steel. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"436bd8e3-4da1-4aaa-a3b3-7393fcc1f039\" data-image-id=\"436bd8e3-4da1-4aaa-a3b3-7393fcc1f039\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b848ae18-dbcf-4ffe-8ed9-67148c3d7ed6/Negative1.png\" data-asset-id=\"436bd8e3-4da1-4aaa-a3b3-7393fcc1f039\" data-image-id=\"436bd8e3-4da1-4aaa-a3b3-7393fcc1f039\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Вырез по контуру будет задан, и IDEA Connection сможет распознать его и импортировать. Подрезка элемента теперь является частью его свойств (данных) и будет импортирована даже в том случае, если вы не отметите её на третьем этапе выбора. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"fc6257bf-0d03-4b45-8958-011ea6443c7d\" data-image-id=\"fc6257bf-0d03-4b45-8958-011ea6443c7d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/97f3d0c4-09c7-4f77-8af7-8057d08b6156/Negative2.png\" data-asset-id=\"fc6257bf-0d03-4b45-8958-011ea6443c7d\" data-image-id=\"fc6257bf-0d03-4b45-8958-011ea6443c7d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Теперь зелёная труба больше не нужна, и её можно скрыть или вовсе удалить. </p>\n<h3>Другие известные способы</h3>\n<ul>\n <li>Отверстия в пластинах и элементах не поддерживаются (не импортируются в IDEA StatiCa Connection).<br>\nВозможное решение: импортировать узел целиком и добавить отверстие вручную <br>\nв IDEA StatiCa Connection.</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"58c22071-33ff-47f6-b339-f7b3a7bb3775\" data-image-id=\"58c22071-33ff-47f6-b339-f7b3a7bb3775\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bdbc4140-587f-46eb-8acc-6b8299bf808f/AS-holes.png\" data-asset-id=\"58c22071-33ff-47f6-b339-f7b3a7bb3775\" data-image-id=\"58c22071-33ff-47f6-b339-f7b3a7bb3775\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Вырезы в элементах поддерживаются, но не забывайте пользоваться для этого командой Element contour.</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"237439aa-4f56-4f82-9aec-aefd8073f5fb\" data-image-id=\"237439aa-4f56-4f82-9aec-aefd8073f5fb\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2d7bfcf6-74b6-44a8-a05f-61fcb973adec/AS-holes2.png\" data-asset-id=\"237439aa-4f56-4f82-9aec-aefd8073f5fb\" data-image-id=\"237439aa-4f56-4f82-9aec-aefd8073f5fb\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b2220d77-7d5e-4146-9498-aa547f55c41d\" data-image-id=\"b2220d77-7d5e-4146-9498-aa547f55c41d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5532e05b-dbc0-4826-a21a-75914f1fe4a6/AS-holes3.png\" data-asset-id=\"b2220d77-7d5e-4146-9498-aa547f55c41d\" data-image-id=\"b2220d77-7d5e-4146-9498-aa547f55c41d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Укорачивание и удлинение балок</h2>\n<p>В IDEA StatiCa центром соединения является узел. Длина элемента от узла определяется ограничивающей рамкой (автоматическое задание корректной длины элемента). В Advance Steel элементы следует укорачивать удлинять с помощью команды Shorten.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"25b15072-06c9-432d-95dc-d6de25bab227\" data-image-id=\"25b15072-06c9-432d-95dc-d6de25bab227\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/062e2d5f-6597-4daf-9aad-530b1a9d9447/AS-ext1.png\" data-asset-id=\"25b15072-06c9-432d-95dc-d6de25bab227\" data-image-id=\"25b15072-06c9-432d-95dc-d6de25bab227\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2eace842-a05f-43e5-9160-5bdf7c3da0e4\" data-image-id=\"2eace842-a05f-43e5-9160-5bdf7c3da0e4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/dbc0633f-4196-4111-94df-8ed3838e7e36/AS-ext2.png\" data-asset-id=\"2eace842-a05f-43e5-9160-5bdf7c3da0e4\" data-image-id=\"2eace842-a05f-43e5-9160-5bdf7c3da0e4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Welds</h2>\n<p>Сварные швы передаются на третьем этапе процедуры импорта. Если требуется добавить сварные швы в Advance Steel вручную, то рекомендуется делать это с помощью команды Weld point. Не забывайте о том, что шов следует располагать на средней грани свариваемой пластины.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0e0eb2ef-52eb-4ace-9b39-38d5b39e2325\" data-image-id=\"0e0eb2ef-52eb-4ace-9b39-38d5b39e2325\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5a2c74ec-1d94-48c5-aa24-82ab247dfa28/AS-welds.png\" data-asset-id=\"0e0eb2ef-52eb-4ace-9b39-38d5b39e2325\" data-image-id=\"0e0eb2ef-52eb-4ace-9b39-38d5b39e2325\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Из всего разнообразия сварных швов в Advance Steel IDEA StatiCa поддерживает следующие:</p>\n<table><tbody>\n <tr><td>Сварной шов в IDEA StatiCa </td><td>Сварной шов в Advance Steel </td></tr>\n <tr><td>С полным проваром</td><td>Flange Butt, DI, V with Counter, X, K, DY, K web, U, HU</td></tr>\n <tr><td>Тавровый</td><td>Bevel – Fillet, Fillet – Bevel, HY – Fillet, Fillet – HY, J- Fillet</td></tr>\n <tr><td>Угловой</td><td>Every other than specified above</td></tr>\n</tbody></table>\n<h2>Вуты</h2>\n<p>Рекомендуется моделировать вуты на элементах именно из пластин, а не элементами целиком.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6194797e-e64f-4f79-91ca-b47934ebbad5\" data-image-id=\"6194797e-e64f-4f79-91ca-b47934ebbad5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5e33563e-bbb4-4e58-98e1-689fac31b049/C_FAQ_TipsAS_8.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"6194797e-e64f-4f79-91ca-b47934ebbad5\" data-image-id=\"6194797e-e64f-4f79-91ca-b47934ebbad5\" alt=\"\"></figure>"
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"value": "<p>For now, the link works for a wide variety of connections/joints. However, please take into account yet unsupported functionality.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><strong>Limitation: </strong>Exporting a beam with a haunched end or another type of conical or other shaped beam ends is not possible.</p>\n<p><strong>Workaround: </strong> The haunch is neglected and can be modelled afterwards in IDEA StatiCa</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><strong>Limitation: </strong>Exporting a connection on a continuous member without an intermediate node doesn't work.</p>\n<p><strong>Workaround: </strong>Add the intermediate node using the command for members \"Divide Member Using n Intermediate Nodes\". The option \"Place/Create new nodes without dividing it\" to keep the member continuous will work only in RFEM 5. The Checkbot application can recognize only \"Standard\" node type, \"On Member\" or \"On Line\" node type will not be recognize. </p>\n<p>RFEM 6:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f291e677-37c7-481b-a2fc-02867c8c75e8\" data-image-id=\"f291e677-37c7-481b-a2fc-02867c8c75e8\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/fee9a5ea-db08-4864-b643-65765977e4b6/RFEM%206%20-%20continuous%20member.png\" data-asset-id=\"f291e677-37c7-481b-a2fc-02867c8c75e8\" data-image-id=\"f291e677-37c7-481b-a2fc-02867c8c75e8\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>RFEM 5:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"68813fa0-d60d-4baf-bf6c-183f155f51a7\" data-image-id=\"68813fa0-d60d-4baf-bf6c-183f155f51a7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ef9c77a9-4a6e-49a5-a462-b2aa720916bc/Known%20limitations%20for%20RFEMRSTAB2.png\" data-asset-id=\"68813fa0-d60d-4baf-bf6c-183f155f51a7\" data-image-id=\"68813fa0-d60d-4baf-bf6c-183f155f51a7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>Limitation: </strong>Export of a node when the display setting \"Sets of member\" is turned ON may lead to incorrect data transfer for some member cross-sections and import of extra members or an error message.</p>\n<p><strong>Workaround:</strong> Turn the \"Sets of member\" OFF and repeat the export of the node.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"986be1f1-4f26-4a39-bd2f-1e7fd4fca0cb\" data-image-id=\"986be1f1-4f26-4a39-bd2f-1e7fd4fca0cb\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/05800fab-d89d-46d2-be30-b766379f74ff/Known%20limitations%20for%20RFEMRSTAB.png\" data-asset-id=\"986be1f1-4f26-4a39-bd2f-1e7fd4fca0cb\" data-image-id=\"986be1f1-4f26-4a39-bd2f-1e7fd4fca0cb\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><strong>Limitation:</strong> Geometrical eccentricity – joint node is not in the central point.</p>\n<p><strong>Workaround:</strong> RFEM/RSTAB offers more ways of input of eccentricities. The eccentricity input using the Local x,y,z coordinates causes difficulties in transforming the data to IDEA StatiCa due to the variety of coordinate system options in RFEM/RSTAB. In case, please use the Global X,Y,Z coordinates eccentricity input instead.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c707e18d-6bfe-4597-81e6-7974ef0b48ec\" data-image-id=\"c707e18d-6bfe-4597-81e6-7974ef0b48ec\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f834b5e4-fd9a-49d8-bc96-af6be2e87686/Known%20limitations%20for%20RFEMRSTAB%2003.png\" data-asset-id=\"c707e18d-6bfe-4597-81e6-7974ef0b48ec\" data-image-id=\"c707e18d-6bfe-4597-81e6-7974ef0b48ec\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><strong>Limitation:</strong> The object \"Joint\" is not supported for the data transfer, and it blocks importing the geometry and loads import of connections to Checkbot.</p>\n<p><strong>Workaround:</strong> Delete the \"Joint\" objects, recalculate the model, and import the connections.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2c19a0b5-7721-4d37-8f66-68144c455392\" data-image-id=\"2c19a0b5-7721-4d37-8f66-68144c455392\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b9551614-662f-4920-b5a1-3b25eb615043/Known%20limitations%20for%20RFEMRSTAB%205.png\" data-asset-id=\"2c19a0b5-7721-4d37-8f66-68144c455392\" data-image-id=\"2c19a0b5-7721-4d37-8f66-68144c455392\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><strong>Limitation:</strong> Import of dynamic load cases and load combinations containing dynamic loads is not supported.</p>\n<p><strong>Workaround:</strong> Change the definition of the dynamic load cases in RFEM/RSTAB to standard load case with each direction of amplitudes separately or input the internal forces in IDEA StatiCa manually or using the XLS import.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"014e172e-315b-43b0-be69-869610fde527\" data-image-id=\"014e172e-315b-43b0-be69-869610fde527\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e9ef40d0-a0ad-4831-914e-6d66fe109750/Import%20of%20dynamic%20load%20cases%20from%20RFEMRSTAB%2001.png\" data-asset-id=\"014e172e-315b-43b0-be69-869610fde527\" data-image-id=\"014e172e-315b-43b0-be69-869610fde527\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><strong>Limitation:</strong> Import of non-standard LCS is not supported.</p>\n<p><strong>Workaround:</strong> Use only supported settings of Local Axes xyz. </p>\n<p>See the figure: </p>\n<ul>\n <li>green = supported settings</li>\n <li>red = unsupported settings</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cb88c9e9-84ea-40d3-9a77-01b604a0aa79\" data-image-id=\"cb88c9e9-84ea-40d3-9a77-01b604a0aa79\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/15bb82e1-81e8-4fc2-99fc-47197e8b12a2/RFEM_Known_limitation_LCS.png\" data-asset-id=\"cb88c9e9-84ea-40d3-9a77-01b604a0aa79\" data-image-id=\"cb88c9e9-84ea-40d3-9a77-01b604a0aa79\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><strong>Limitation of RFEM5/RSTAB8: </strong>Load cases assigned to various load groups for different Result Combinations.</p>\n<p>It means that in IDEA StatiCa each load case is assigned to only one load group for all combinations, while in Dlubal a load case can be assigned to a different group in different Result Combinations.</p>\n<p><strong>Workaround: </strong>For all Result Combinations, always assign load cases to the same load group. Alternatively, you can create exact combinations using \"Load Combinations\" tool. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8062f891-b118-4099-b0c8-d769ae073906\" data-image-id=\"8062f891-b118-4099-b0c8-d769ae073906\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/006edf4c-3a39-45e0-91ae-35fbedfcd857/Load%20groups_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"8062f891-b118-4099-b0c8-d769ae073906\" data-image-id=\"8062f891-b118-4099-b0c8-d769ae073906\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c73fc82a-a73c-4aac-8aed-b3842267f4be\" data-image-id=\"c73fc82a-a73c-4aac-8aed-b3842267f4be\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5d4a10fe-b64d-4af0-b109-fd62ba513ce0/Load%20groups_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"c73fc82a-a73c-4aac-8aed-b3842267f4be\" data-image-id=\"c73fc82a-a73c-4aac-8aed-b3842267f4be\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><strong>Limitation of RFEM5/RSTAB8: </strong>The effects of all load cases with the same name (i.e. listed multiple times in the result combination) are added together with the corresponding coefficient in Checkbot. This can lead to doubling of certain load cases (e.g. 1*LC7 +1*LC7=2*LC7) and cancellation of other load cases in combination (e.g. 1*LC9 -1*LC9= 0*LC9)! </p>\n<p><strong>Workaround: </strong> Do not use the same load cases in the same Result Combination more than once in RFEM or RSTAB. If you want to use the load group in RFEM and RSTAB and assign the same load case to a Result Combination once with positive and once with negative sign, do this differently with 2 independent Result Combinations or Load Combinations. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5d1eb8d2-a1b0-491f-96db-7c73a5abe946\" data-image-id=\"5d1eb8d2-a1b0-491f-96db-7c73a5abe946\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b2093d2e-5d70-459f-8b46-cac34dcb0812/Load%20cases%20with%20the%20same%20name.png\" data-asset-id=\"5d1eb8d2-a1b0-491f-96db-7c73a5abe946\" data-image-id=\"5d1eb8d2-a1b0-491f-96db-7c73a5abe946\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><strong>Limitation: </strong>Referencing other Result Combinations in Result Combinations is not supported for import into Checkbot. </p>\n<p><strong>Workaround: </strong>Add load cases to Result Combination instead of adding other Result Combination. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7f4f2489-78e8-410d-9db5-397764abde17\" data-image-id=\"7f4f2489-78e8-410d-9db5-397764abde17\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a5836832-109d-4023-881e-a20f4642c5da/Referencing%20RC%20to%20other%20RC.png\" data-asset-id=\"7f4f2489-78e8-410d-9db5-397764abde17\" data-image-id=\"7f4f2489-78e8-410d-9db5-397764abde17\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>Limitation:</strong> Internal forces are not imported into Checkbot if the corresponding result values are deactivated in the Result Table Manager.</p>\n<p><strong>Workaround: </strong>Open <strong>Results → Result Table Manager</strong> and activate the required values. Ensure that the following options are enabled:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Rows:</strong> Member starts, Internal points, Member ends</li>\n <li><strong>Columns:</strong> Internal forces, Internal moments</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4a9e576b-c9fc-49cc-803b-414716185f7c\" data-image-id=\"4a9e576b-c9fc-49cc-803b-414716185f7c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1bad7fd5-a6f1-4513-8469-80012602d7ff/RFEM%20-%20Result%20Table%20manager.png\" data-asset-id=\"4a9e576b-c9fc-49cc-803b-414716185f7c\" data-image-id=\"4a9e576b-c9fc-49cc-803b-414716185f7c\" alt=\"\"></figure>"
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"value": "<p>В настоящее время плагин работает для широкого диапазона узлов/соединений. Однако, не весь функционал может поддерживаться:</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Ограничение: Эксцентриситеты - Центр тяжести не назначается Главной точкой</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7cd949e3-7793-4351-b39c-ac469a619b8a\" data-image-id=\"7cd949e3-7793-4351-b39c-ac469a619b8a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/af8a6238-163c-46ce-aa8e-51cfc69de305/etabs-ecc-1.png\" data-asset-id=\"7cd949e3-7793-4351-b39c-ac469a619b8a\" data-image-id=\"7cd949e3-7793-4351-b39c-ac469a619b8a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cb21c6a5-369c-400c-8d46-d9f34febcf48\" data-image-id=\"cb21c6a5-369c-400c-8d46-d9f34febcf48\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c6528969-efca-405c-bbe8-39ca4c57749e/etabs-ecc-2.png\" data-asset-id=\"cb21c6a5-369c-400c-8d46-d9f34febcf48\" data-image-id=\"cb21c6a5-369c-400c-8d46-d9f34febcf48\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"95322beb-07e2-46b4-be20-48092b1578f8\" data-image-id=\"95322beb-07e2-46b4-be20-48092b1578f8\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/0ab6bf92-02b0-4d4e-89c2-c8aa2b3723dd/etabs-ecc-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"95322beb-07e2-46b4-be20-48092b1578f8\" data-image-id=\"95322beb-07e2-46b4-be20-48092b1578f8\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Решение: Импорт всего узла целиком и перенос элементов вручную в нужную позицию на заданный эксцентриситет.</p>\n<p><br></p>"
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