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Name: Release notes IDEA StatiCa Concrete 20 - Introduction
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"value": "<p>The new version of IDEA StatiCa is here! It is the biggest implementation of customer feedback and wishes we have had in years. And that means something – IDEA StatiCa is used by over 3500 customers who share more than 4000 unique IDEA StatiCa projects <strong>every month</strong>. Version 20 comes with extending the existing functionality and mainly brings new features that change the approach to design and code-check of partially loaded areas of the concrete structures.</p>\n<p>Highlights of this version are:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Parametric templates of diaphragms</li>\n <li>Partially loaded areas</li>\n <li>UK National annex</li>\n</ul>\n<p>All of this with precise checks of concrete and reinforcement strength, stresses, and strains. Everything that the code requires, with results clearly visualized for a better understanding of the structural behavior.</p>\n<p>How did we get from number 10 to 20? The reason is simpler – align the numbering with year count.</p>\n<p>We hope you will enjoy all our new features and improvements and would love to hear your feedback anytime. </p>\n<p>Calculate yesterday’s estimates!</p>"
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Name: RN 20.0: New licensing system
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"value": "<p>The new online licensing system of IDEA StatiCa was implemented. It is account-based, which means that all you need to start IDEA StatiCa 20 is to insert your username (by default, an email) and password.</p>\n<p>Why?</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Our customers struggled with logistics related to license codes, license files, and dongles.</li>\n <li>IDEA StatiCa license could be fixed without the cooperation of the end-user (reactivation, etc.).</li>\n <li>Our customers had to deploy the network license on their servers.</li>\n <li>Company license could not be easily shared with employees on the road or on home-office</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The new online licensing system of IDEA StatiCa solves all these issues and much more. Everything is provided in a robust and secure IDEA StatiCa cloud for which users need only one thing to access – their username (by default, an email) and password.</p>\n<p>How does the online license work?</p>\n<ul>\n <li>IDEA StatiCa installation regularly checks with IDEA StatiCa license server to update the license and verify product configuration.</li>\n <li>IDEA StatiCa users do not have to be online all the time. The license will work for 72 hours without an internet connection. After that, connecting to the licensing server is necessary.</li>\n <li>Admins, as well as end-users, can view/edit the license via IDEA StatiCa Customer portal, an online backend with their licensing data</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c8f006aa-3cbf-49ef-805e-29bcb6893935\" data-image-id=\"c8f006aa-3cbf-49ef-805e-29bcb6893935\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d8b04196-671e-45f1-9afb-05c2873bc09b/Sign%20in%20box.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"c8f006aa-3cbf-49ef-805e-29bcb6893935\" data-image-id=\"c8f006aa-3cbf-49ef-805e-29bcb6893935\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>How to setup IDEA StatiCa version 20</h4>\n<ul>\n <li>Every customer of IDEA StatiCa has a primary email address in our system (confirmed in a past order)</li>\n <li>With the release of version 20, IDEA StatiCa will send Admin credentials to this email. The license will have entitlements based on purchased products and seats.</li>\n <li>Admins can then add and remove other users in the organization</li>\n <li>Every user in the organization can consume only selected type of IDEA StatiCa products</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"883b3bdf-6d94-49a8-9745-83c822e8a756\" data-image-id=\"883b3bdf-6d94-49a8-9745-83c822e8a756\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9fde4043-99d8-4344-8a4a-da9264ff87c5/License%20manager.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"883b3bdf-6d94-49a8-9745-83c822e8a756\" data-image-id=\"883b3bdf-6d94-49a8-9745-83c822e8a756\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>IDEA StatiCa license manager</em></p>\n<h4>Migration disclaimer</h4>\n<ul>\n <li>IDEA StatiCa 20 has only one way to license and launch – the new online licensing system.</li>\n <li>The old licensing systems (Eleckey, HASP) of versions up to 10.1 remains unchanged and functional. Lifetime entitlements (now called \"Perpetual\") will work indefinitely, but their technical support will be terminated on <strong>30. 6. 2021</strong>. After this date, license resets, reactivations, and other licensing support will not be provided anymore. Kindly make sure that your organization migrates to version 20 as soon as possible.</li>\n</ul>"
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Name: RN 20.0: Parametric diaphragms templates
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Name: Partially loaded areas
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"value": "<h2>Reinforcement in Partially Loaded Area</h2>\n<p>You can design the reinforcement in the partially loaded area in a more effective way since version 20.1. The reinforcing bars are part of the CSFM model, and the bond between concrete and bars is treated as perfect. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3ab51e56-2e14-40b7-9f70-7ee929f7adeb\" data-image-id=\"3ab51e56-2e14-40b7-9f70-7ee929f7adeb\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f589881a-d9fc-4105-a625-e64020697db3/Partially%20loaded%20areas-reinf.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"3ab51e56-2e14-40b7-9f70-7ee929f7adeb\" data-image-id=\"3ab51e56-2e14-40b7-9f70-7ee929f7adeb\" alt=\"partially loaded areas with reinforcement\"></figure>\n<h2>About Partially Loaded Area</h2>\n<p>This feature is suitable mainly for precast and bridge structural engineers who are dealing with significant reactions in the bearings or concentrated prestressed forces from the tendons in the beams. The benefit is hidden beyond non - conservative design, saving material and money.</p>\n<p>We have figured out how to deal with triaxial stress in partially loaded areas. In these areas crushing of concrete is allowed, and the resistance of concrete in compression can be raised due to transverse confinement according to valid standards (Eurocode). The increase of the resistance can be up to 3 times the cylinder strength of concrete.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b72f7533-5eae-4ccc-8386-af616f712ff6\" data-image-id=\"b72f7533-5eae-4ccc-8386-af616f712ff6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/25769cf9-c38a-4738-860c-948de6a17400/Partially%20loaded%20area%201.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"b72f7533-5eae-4ccc-8386-af616f712ff6\" data-image-id=\"b72f7533-5eae-4ccc-8386-af616f712ff6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The partially loaded area can be found on every structure. Some typical examples are bridge diaphragms with an area above the bearings, areas under the anchor, or concentrated load on the edge of the wall. Partially loaded areas are designed according to the requirements of the Eurocode and simultaneously are restrained by model geometry (openings, thickness, edges, abrupt change of cross-section).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"db666445-daab-4bbd-8f4c-dd0917b61eba\" data-image-id=\"db666445-daab-4bbd-8f4c-dd0917b61eba\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/88696c5a-2fa2-4f08-b3d7-2ae565699c02/Partially%20loaded%20area%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"db666445-daab-4bbd-8f4c-dd0917b61eba\" data-image-id=\"db666445-daab-4bbd-8f4c-dd0917b61eba\" alt=\"Triaxial stress is covered by new feature, which artificially increase the area of the cone and cover this effect.\"></figure>\n<p>The increase of concrete resistance can be considered if the confinement is kept. Due to this condition, reinforcement bars are automatically added to pass the condition regarding confinement and Eurocode provision.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"802e353e-22eb-4418-a1c6-c7c47e4f890c\" data-image-id=\"802e353e-22eb-4418-a1c6-c7c47e4f890c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7fecad0b-e34f-415a-86ce-0b5ddf1b674c/Partially%20loaded%20area%20cone.png\" data-asset-id=\"802e353e-22eb-4418-a1c6-c7c47e4f890c\" data-image-id=\"802e353e-22eb-4418-a1c6-c7c47e4f890c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>This functionality guarantees that models are getting converge and simultaneously comply with design criteria for valid standards (Eurocode). The implemented method is independent of the finite element mesh. <strong>The bearing capacity is increased with</strong> the <strong>changing of the concrete area. The consequence of this state is constant stress along with the height of a cone. </strong>Dispersed fictitious struts affect artificially the stiffness of the cone and correctly redistribute the transverse stress, which appears in this area. The density of each dispersed strut is increased to the direction of the applied load.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"62cc432f-b87c-4de2-b8ca-afd16981510a\" data-image-id=\"62cc432f-b87c-4de2-b8ca-afd16981510a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2a98ab65-1aab-4c54-839b-25a89481479e/Dispersed%20fictitious%20struts.png\" data-asset-id=\"62cc432f-b87c-4de2-b8ca-afd16981510a\" data-image-id=\"62cc432f-b87c-4de2-b8ca-afd16981510a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Known limitations come out from the standards valid in Eurocode.</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Cones cannot coincide</li>\n <li>The area A<sub>c1</sub> and A<sub>c0 </sub>lie on the resultant of the acting force</li>\n</ul>\n<p><br></p>"
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"value": "<h2>Wall</h2>\n<p>The wall is the most general entity that can be defined in your model. There are various cases for which you can use this detail. Now, it's time to explain how. </p>\n<p>First, let's talk about the shape of the element. The wall's shape can be defined as:</p>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Rectangular</strong> </li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>Using this option, all you need to do is to set the element's width, height, thickness, and, if necessary, offset in X direction related to the top left and right corner.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\" data-image-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ac646772-fed5-4840-b262-a991fa509a69/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_rectangular.png\" data-asset-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\" data-image-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Polygon</strong></li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>If you need a more complex topology, the Polygon shape is the way. The geometry can be defined by selecting the Edit shape button in the data window, and then in the wizard using coordinates in X and Z directions related to the global coordinate system. You can add new rows, or delete the existing ones using the right-click into the coordinates table.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\" data-image-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e0275f69-8357-43ba-9450-059d706dff03/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_polygon.png\" data-asset-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\" data-image-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Import DXF</strong> </li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>In case of having a complex shape of the structure or already finished drawings, you can use the import from the DXF file functionality to have the geometry defined quickly. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\" data-image-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bbd926e9-959c-4818-b415-41974097b044/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_DXF1.png\" data-asset-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\" data-image-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Simply click on the Import DXF button, pick the file from your storage, and start selecting the structure's outline. It can be done by choosing the lines individually in the main graphic window, or just a single line and then clicking the Consecutive button from the top ribbon.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\" data-image-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1b2da944-b95d-4d91-8505-211030166867/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_DXF2.png\" data-asset-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\" data-image-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>In the wizard, you can use the full potential of the functionalities in the top ribbon - it is possible to change the units, distinguish three planes - XY, XZ, and YZ in which the drawing is done, set some tolerance and discretization of curved lines, entities numbers, and add openings directly. On top of that, when you make a mistake, you can undo the steps, and clear the selection.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\" data-image-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7282d9d1-51b6-4bb6-b73c-82c5aef23010/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_DXF3.png\" data-asset-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\" data-image-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Moreover, you can even import the geometry together with the reinforcement!</p>\n<p>Now, let's sum up the most important information you need to know for proper wall element definition.</p>\n<ul>\n <li>All types of <a data-item-id=\"5a121972-f384-4f14-8788-9da298e1aae1\" href=\"\"><strong>supports</strong></a> and <strong>transfer devices</strong> can be used for this geometry type.</li>\n <li>It is not possible to add a <a data-item-id=\"aa1a5fc8-a069-4196-9c2e-cde472068193\" href=\"\"><strong>trimmed end</strong></a> of the wall, the structure must be defined as a whole. </li>\n <li>All types of <strong>openings</strong> can be applied.</li>\n <li>And last but not least, the wall entity must have a constant <strong>thickness</strong>.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The whole model can be made up of several separate elements. The software will automatically connect them. The joint between the walls must be free of gaps. Moreover, it is possible to define different thicknesses for each wall element used in the project. See the example in the image below.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\" data-image-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3ce7dc88-9f5e-4dfe-b64d-11dc718b63d7/RC-D_03_01.png\" data-asset-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\" data-image-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Beam</h2>\n<p>This element can be used for various types of beams. It is up to you whether you need to model and analyze the whole beam or just want to focus on a specific area - discontinuity region using the trimmed end option.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\" data-image-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/87a7e44f-524e-4533-b313-482d7ac74b91/QRC-D_03%20Beam_whole%20beam.png\" data-asset-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\" data-image-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Example of a whole saddle beam with openings</em></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Let's say you have already designed and checked the reinforcement in the B-regions, and you want to focus on the discontinuity regions of the beam only, so you won't spend additional time modeling the whole beam. No problem! In this case, it is recommended to model the trimmed beam.</p>\n<p>The beam can be trimmed at:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Beginning</strong></li>\n <li><strong>End</strong></li>\n <li>Or <strong>both</strong> the beginning and end at the same time</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\" data-image-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3e601d9e-4dd4-4bfb-aa41-0f8aff99588e/QRC-D_03%20Beam_trimmed%20end.png\" data-asset-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\" data-image-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Example of a beam with the trimmed end</em></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>When modeling a beam, you can select one of the pre-defined <a data-item-id=\"5cff133b-460c-4bf2-94c2-3957a7b88e47\" href=\"\">cross-sections</a> from the library.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\" data-image-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/98d2b093-7fb0-45e5-853e-2acc3873864b/QRC-D_03%20Beam_cross-sections.png\" data-asset-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\" data-image-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The beam is defined as a 2D element. The cross-section of the beam is used only to set the proper thicknesses. </p>\n<p>Let's check the summary for beam elements:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>All types of <a data-item-id=\"50ed723b-9b87-4870-a69f-e05b5a8a8150\" href=\"\"><strong>supports</strong></a> and <strong>transfer devices</strong> can be used for this geometry type.</li>\n <li>The beam can be <a data-item-id=\"7e9198c1-d161-5c59-9e9b-aed2c2a00408\" href=\"\"><strong>trimmed</strong></a><strong> </strong>at the beginning, end, or both the beginning and end. </li>\n <li>All types of <strong>openings</strong> can be applied.</li>\n <li>The structure can have <strong>haunches</strong> - just select the checkbox in the data window and set the parameters.</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\" data-image-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/04bf59e2-fa45-49eb-b136-7ad3e7c88be3/RC-D_03_02.png\" data-asset-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\" data-image-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Knee joint</h2>\n<p>A knee joint is a type of frame joint - basically the most commonly used D-region. Sometimes, they can be underestimated in the design. However, it is important to pay attention to them. And it can be easy when you have a powerful tool such as the IDEA StatiCa Detail application. </p>\n<p>What's important to know?</p>\n<ul>\n <li>As in the beam element case, also the knee joint is defined using a <a data-item-id=\"5cff133b-460c-4bf2-94c2-3957a7b88e47\" href=\"\"><strong>cross-section</strong></a> selected from the library. </li>\n <li>Compared to wall and beam types, you can't set supports. Only the usage of <a data-item-id=\"aa1a5fc8-a069-4196-9c2e-cde472068193\" href=\"\"><strong>trimmed</strong></a> or <strong>free ends</strong> is allowed in this case. Nevertheless, all types of load transferring devices can be applied to the structure.</li>\n <li>All types of <strong>openings</strong> can be applied.</li>\n <li>The structure can have <strong>haunches</strong> - just select the checkbox in the data window and set the parameters. On top of that, the members can be <strong>inclined</strong> by the wanted angle. </li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\" data-image-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/34573afb-190b-430c-b7bb-01d268959bb0/RC-D_03_03.png\" data-asset-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\" data-image-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The geometry of the knee joint may vary. In the Detail app, you can select from three options to define the most suitable one.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\" data-image-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/74ac2f16-df31-4471-8ef0-3b05a412f654/QRC-D_03%20Knee%20joint_joint%20type.png\" data-asset-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\" data-image-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>To see it in the action, check the image below. These three structures were created by using the same settings, only with different joint types.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\" data-image-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f261ebd1-7854-4d18-808c-6acfc4334d6b/RC-D_03_04.png\" data-asset-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\" data-image-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Cross joint</h2>\n<p>This option is identical to the knee joint. For the characteristics, see the previous paragraph.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\" data-image-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4bb40a71-3067-4cf2-8aa5-71024ddeb7c6/RC-D_03_05.png\" data-asset-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\" data-image-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>There are two types of Cross joints - prismatic beam or prismatic column. The difference is shown in the image below. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\" data-image-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/87cc88dc-5366-4e2c-b264-8cd1619eaeb0/RC-D_03_06.png\" data-asset-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\" data-image-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Diaphragm</h2>\n<p>Diaphragms are exactly the same as walls in terms of the element's definition. For more information, please see the Wall paragraph.</p>\n<p>There are three ways to define the shape:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Two-way bridge </li>\n <li>Highway bridge </li>\n <li>And General - by polyline or imported from the DXF file</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\" data-image-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/87d19f2d-5c10-4531-97a5-0e36f138587b/QRC-D_03%20Diaphragm_types.png\" data-asset-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\" data-image-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>It is important to mention that these details (subregions) can be divided into two groups. The difference between them is in the element's thickness definition:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Walls and Diaphragms - constant thickness </li>\n <li>Beams and Joints - thickness defined by a cross-section</li>\n</ul>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Please be aware that all geometry types mentioned above are in the software considered as 2D elements, thus can transfer only in plane loads, and out of plane forces must be neglected.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n46c56442_ec49_010d_69d5_cea1d05d7dcd\"></object>"
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"value": "<h2>1 New project</h2>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\" data-image-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ae7cb3f1-214d-417c-8224-b6d703b9c794/1_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\" data-image-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Start a <a data-item-id=\"9b7994e5-6207-43cf-9f97-a754d0362241\" href=\"\"><strong>New</strong></a> project in <a data-item-id=\"a0e85d28-23e6-4006-94d6-f334c2be9b67\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Detail</a>.</p>\n<p>In the first step, select the desired class and topology, you can then define the design code (choose <strong>EN</strong>) as well as the concrete grade and cover (use concrete<strong> C30/37</strong> and cover <strong>30 mm</strong>). You can change your choice of material (or add another one) later, nevertheless, the design code can be chosen only in this first step of the project.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\" data-image-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a5663589-fde9-42df-a943-40fbf4014345/1_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\" data-image-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>2 Geometry</h2>\n<p>Start the definition of geometry by changing the cross-section of the <strong>Member</strong> <strong>M1</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\" data-image-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bf1fbecd-1f2e-40cf-9b46-28d0595bb46d/2_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\" data-image-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Define the <strong>I shape with haunched flanges</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\" data-image-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ce99c108-ec5b-430d-800e-5b9edb6f0c27/2_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\" data-image-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Change the width of the flanges and the height of the beam.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\" data-image-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9839e7bd-5471-4883-a4c1-e28609fb85d7/2_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\" data-image-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The <a data-item-id=\"865804fb-a8ac-42df-9ddd-e05404a48c9d\" href=\"\"><strong>opening</strong></a> is enlarged and shifted to the center of the beam.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\" data-image-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/17810c5a-140d-4372-946e-e540cad41f7d/2_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\" data-image-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Read more about the geometry definition in <a data-item-id=\"d687ccdc-e898-489c-91cf-c4d935406d36\" href=\"\"><strong>Geometry types in Detail</strong></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>3 Load effects</h2>\n<p>Let us now define the <strong>Load</strong> of the detail. You can see that two load cases were already automatically created. Change the content of the load cases a little bit.</p>\n<p>For <strong>LC1</strong> (permanent load), change the <strong>Internal forces</strong> so that you input the values of shear force and bending moment at the point of the opening. In <strong>Load Impulses</strong>, keep the value of line load to <strong>-10 kN/m</strong> in global Z-.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\" data-image-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1773c0ed-07fd-440a-9c65-6f322ad14e20/3_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\" data-image-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Similarly, change the values of <strong>Internal forces</strong> for <strong>LC2</strong> (variable load). In <strong>Load impulses</strong>, change the value to <strong>-5 kN/m</strong> in global Z-direction.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\" data-image-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1ed3197b-d918-489b-8613-8fc59e89e9fd/3_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\" data-image-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Three nonlinear combinations were already defined: C1 stands for ULS checks. C2 is a quasi-permanent and C3 a characteristic load combination, both defined for SLS code checks. You can define new combinations if required, there are three types of combinations available for SLS code checks: characteristic, frequent and quasi-permanent. You can select which checks shall be performed for each combination and the partial coefficients for the combination rules can be adjusted as well. In our case we use the predefined combinations.</p>\n<p>The calculations will be performed only for the checked items. Right now we leave all three combinations (C1, C2 and C3) selected.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\" data-image-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e5376849-76d4-498e-953f-fef18b8306dc/3_6.png\" data-asset-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\" data-image-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Learn more about internal forces in <a data-item-id=\"38cbe005-0e1e-4d75-ae8a-2ef9dcee4c2b\" href=\"\">General description of Load impulses in Detail application</a></li>\n <li>Learn more about load impulses in <a data-item-id=\"05ba912c-dc0b-4a2f-9763-099001bbb052\" href=\"\">Internal forces and equilibrium in Detail application</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>4 Reinforcement</h2>\n<p>Once the load has been defined, you can proceed to input the <strong>Reinforcement</strong>. You will use the items created by the template.</p>\n<p>You can change the diameter of stirrups and adjust their distances (the first value corresponds to the distance of the first stirrup from the edge, the other stirrups will be distributed in distances given by the second value).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\" data-image-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e73ef6fa-d511-47c2-b10c-c010ded36316/4_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\" data-image-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Reduce the diameter of bars of reinforcement <strong>RO1</strong> around the opening and the number of layers of horizontal/vertical and diagonal bars. Change the distance between horizontal/vertical bars and also adjust the length of the diagonal bars and anchoring of horizontal/vertical bars.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\" data-image-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/327fd926-94d2-48d3-b417-68f8de3030fc/4_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\" data-image-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The operation <strong>GB1</strong> includes a group of bars at the bottom face of the beam. Change the diameter of bars.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\" data-image-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/605263be-1f0b-480f-9810-a9e18e7f6db2/4_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\" data-image-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Master your reinforcing skills by reading <a data-item-id=\"6fa5f6f4-dd62-4a8b-a85b-77dc223d2e05\" href=\"\">Reinforcement definition in the Detail application</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>5 Calculation and Check</h2>\n<p>Proceed to calculate the project. Continue to <strong>Check</strong> Tab and press the <strong>Calculate</strong> button in the top ribbon.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\" data-image-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5bfb0f66-41ac-4b88-8c00-e7708211994b/5_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\" data-image-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>At the top left of the screen, you can see the overview of all the code checks and the status of the checks (passed/failed).</p>\n<p>In the table on the right, all the detailed results and the amount of permanent and variable load applied can be found. At the moment, the resulting strength check of the concrete in ULS is presented. In the <strong>Results</strong> toolbar, the limit value for the diagram can be changed. Change the value so that only the concrete in compression over <strong>-2 MPa</strong> is marked red.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\" data-image-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2b213a23-c573-4a41-815a-4e8ba256beac/1.png\" data-asset-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\" data-image-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>You can display all the code checks using the buttons in the <strong>Code-check results</strong> toolbar. In the <strong>Summary</strong>, the main results for ULS/SLS are presented. Click for instance on the line in <strong>ULS/Anchorage length</strong> to display the utilization of the bond between concrete and reinforcement (with the most critical spot marked in the figure).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\" data-image-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7ae29cba-2d39-4d59-aa42-d270c02da894/2.png\" data-asset-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\" data-image-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>We open the SLS results by selecting a SLS Combination, e.g. C2 or C3.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\" data-image-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/59cbb2a8-dfb3-4f3e-9bd3-e2991a85a5f0/3.png\" data-asset-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\" data-image-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>To open the detailed results of ULS, click <strong>Strength</strong> in Code-check results. 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You can select any bar of reinforcement to see its results of analysis and code check.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\" data-image-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d3cbd0bc-46fd-4d9c-8776-d71d9eb4bd21/5.png\" data-asset-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\" data-image-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>More info about ULS results can be found in <a data-item-id=\"dfd7d908-843b-4d1e-8f66-26343a9bf3ff\" href=\"\">General description of ULS results in Detail application</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>The detailed results of SLS can be found under <strong>Stress limitation, </strong><a data-item-id=\"ea994302-6f97-4068-818f-19f6666fdb27\" href=\"\"><strong>Crack</strong></a><strong> width</strong> and <strong>Deflection</strong>. For the Stress limitation state, the stress in concrete is checked for both C2 and C3 combinations, while the check of reinforcement is applied only for the combination C3.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"657ab157-7e89-4488-aff6-aeb6e402a3ba\" data-image-id=\"657ab157-7e89-4488-aff6-aeb6e402a3ba\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5fe709e5-124b-4c6a-949f-1720f1e7eb80/6.png\" data-asset-id=\"657ab157-7e89-4488-aff6-aeb6e402a3ba\" data-image-id=\"657ab157-7e89-4488-aff6-aeb6e402a3ba\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Calculated <strong>Crack width</strong>s can be displayed by clicking the corresponding icon. The calculated values are compared to the limit value w_{st,lim} which can be edited in the top ribbon.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\" data-image-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a9405f9f-0e01-4e76-ad1c-ae7df7d478c8/7.png\" data-asset-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\" data-image-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>More info about SLS results can be found in <a data-item-id=\"9e7e995c-6e74-422f-af6e-88a8d7fe047f\" href=\"\">General description of SLS results in Detail application</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>6 Report</h2>\n<p>At last, go to the <strong>Report </strong>Tab. IDEA StatiCa offers a fully customizable report to print out or save in an editable format.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"07b2a2d9-31e0-4f6e-ad3c-660419aa72aa\" data-image-id=\"07b2a2d9-31e0-4f6e-ad3c-660419aa72aa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/6d0a57ef-98c6-4dd9-8077-b3103cbfd075/8.png\" data-asset-id=\"07b2a2d9-31e0-4f6e-ad3c-660419aa72aa\" data-image-id=\"07b2a2d9-31e0-4f6e-ad3c-660419aa72aa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2e3559ac-8f4b-47ce-ad68-1a79a58db745\" data-image-id=\"2e3559ac-8f4b-47ce-ad68-1a79a58db745\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b5212488-59ca-4a61-a429-b45cecbb29a5/6_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"2e3559ac-8f4b-47ce-ad68-1a79a58db745\" data-image-id=\"2e3559ac-8f4b-47ce-ad68-1a79a58db745\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>You have designed, optimized, and code-checked the part of the <a data-item-id=\"77764ea2-7c2a-5b80-820b-8f3db5624600\" href=\"\">beam with an opening</a>.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"beam_with_an_opening_b2933a1\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"campus_cta\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n06189af4_92d9_014b_d1b5_bbc055bf0ffc\"></object>"
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"value": "<h4>Reinforced concrete wall or deep beams full code-check? No problem!</h4>\n<p>The aim of the webinar is to present how to code-check a <strong>general-shape deep beam</strong> in <strong>IDEA StatiCa Detail</strong> in connection with results from the FEA application in minutes. We will show the workflow on an example of a residential concrete building – exporting the geometry, creating the submodel in IDEA StatiCa Detail, applying the <strong>correct loads</strong>, design of the reinforcement, and the final code-check for both <strong>ultimate and serviceability limit</strong> <strong>states</strong>.</p>\n<p>Try it on your own - get the <a data-item-id=\"0c872071-6a3f-4b99-8cd4-66440db9cc0d\" href=\"\">free Trial license</a> and follow the step-by-step tutorial on <a data-item-id=\"1dc3667d-ddd6-5483-8b97-e7b69923fef7\" href=\"\">Concrete wall</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2a799851-47a8-48ba-a994-6142976c5204\" data-image-id=\"2a799851-47a8-48ba-a994-6142976c5204\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/177694cc-5c91-42cb-b88c-568f900670fe/Code-check%20of%20walls%20and%20deep%20beams.png\" data-asset-id=\"2a799851-47a8-48ba-a994-6142976c5204\" data-image-id=\"2a799851-47a8-48ba-a994-6142976c5204\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>The ultimate solution for concrete details and structural parts</h4>\n<p>Common 3D FEA software considers the linear behavior of concrete. Design and code-checks of reinforcement are limited, especially for the <strong>serviceability limit state</strong> which may lead to the development of <strong>excessive cracks</strong>. All of that is covered within the <a data-item-id=\"42ce7f6b-6491-4224-a01e-c4c0072ed1cd\" href=\"\">CSFM-based</a> application IDEA StatiCa Detail. Now, all engineers can efficiently design and code-check walls or deep beams of any shape and many more.</p>\n<p>If you want to see more of <strong>IDEA StatiCa Detail </strong>in action, there are two other recorded webinars to watch:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"1300fb1c-8e32-47f3-8b21-0e8e77e1f238\" href=\"\">How to design a prestressed beam with openings easily?</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"73d449cf-610e-5c7c-9e8c-da8093630d24\" href=\"\">Cast in situ wall – Ruzomberok (Slovakia)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Or browse our Support center for <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center-tutorials?product=concrete&label=detail\" title=\"IDEA StatiCa Detail\">tutorials</a> and read the <a data-item-id=\"0000c94c-b603-48c4-8d31-bc56d7c95886\" href=\"\">theoretical background.</a></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<h3>Webinar recording</h3>"
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"value": "<p><br></p>\n<p>The theoretical background is based on COMPATIBLE STRESS FIELD DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE<br>\n(Kaufmann et al., 2020)</p>\n<h1>Structural design of concrete discontinuities in IDEA StatiCa Detail</h1>\n<h2>Introduction to the CSFM method</h2>\n<p><a href=\"#general-introduction\">General introduction for the structural design of concrete details</a><br>\n<a href=\"#main-assumptions-and-limitations\">Main assumptions and limitations</a><br>\n<a href=\"#design-tools-for-reinforcement\">Design tools for reinforcement</a></p>\n<h2>Analysis model of IDEA StatiCa Detail</h2>\n<p><a href=\"#introduction-to-finite-element-implementation\">Introduction to finite element implementation</a><br>\n<a href=\"#supports-and-load-transmitting-components\">Supports and load transmitting components</a><br>\n<a href=\"#load-transfer-at-trimmed-ends-of-beams\">Load transfer at trimmed ends of beams</a><br>\n<a href=\"#geometric-modification-of-cross-sections\">Geometric modification of cross-sections</a><br>\n<a href=\"#finite-element-types\">Finite element types</a><br>\n<a href=\"#meshing\">Meshing</a><br>\n<a href=\"#solution-method-and-load-control-algorithm\">Solution method and load-control algorithm</a><br>\n<a href=\"#presentation-of-results\">Presentation of results</a></p>\n<h2>Model verification</h2>\n<p><a href=\"#limit-states-and-crack-width-calculation\">Limit states, crack width calculation, and Tension stiffening</a></p>\n<h3>Structural verifications according to EUROCODE</h3>\n<p>- <a href=\"#material-models-en\">Material models (EN)</a><br>\n- <a href=\"#safety-factors\">Safety factors</a><br>\n- <a href=\"#ultimate-limit-state-analysis\">Ultimate limit state analysis</a><br>\n- <a href=\"#partially-loaded-areas\">Partially loaded areas (PLA)<br>\n</a>- <a href=\"#serviceability-limit-state-analysis\">Serviceability limit state analysis</a></p>\n<h3>Structural verifications according to ACI 318-19</h3>\n<p>- <a href=\"#material-models-aci\">Material models (ACI)</a><br>\n- <a href=\"#strength-reduction-and-load-factors\">Strength reduction and load factors</a><br>\n- <a href=\"#strength-verifications\">Strength verifications</a><br>\n- <a href=\"#bearing-and-anchorage-zones-partially-loaded-areas\">Bearing and anchorage zones - Partially loaded areas<br>\n</a>- <a href=\"#serviceability-verifications\">Serviceability verifications</a></p>\n<h3>Structural verifications according to AS 3600</h3>\n<p>- <a href=\"#material-models-aus\">Material models (AUS)</a><br>\n- <a href=\"#stress-reduction-and-load-factors\">Stress reduction and load factors</a><br>\n- <a href=\"#strength-and-anchorage-verifications\">Strength and anchorage verifications</a><a href=\"#bearing-and-anchorage-zones-partially-loaded-areas\"><br>\n</a>- <a href=\"#serviceability-checks\">Serviceability checks</a></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><a href=\"#prestressing-in-detail-model-description\">Prestressing in Detail - Model description</a></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<h1>Introduction to the CSFM method</h1>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n8161827f_4fd0_019b_30ec_1aacffee82a8\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___general\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n387365f7_e3d9_01aa_e886_972961a26e65\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___main_assumptions_a\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n0a84f631_ea9b_013c_03cc_539ce65deca6\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___general___reinforc\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>Analysis model of IDEA StatiCa Detail</h1>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n89f4de7a_1d1c_0124_366a_02fface0ceb4\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___general___finite_e\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"e688ad2c_cf9f_01bc_f232_0e8775f4ea76\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___supports_and_load_\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n7c119da7_a9d0_01c7_1ed2_863545949b9d\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___load_transfer_at_t\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n91eb67de_a4e3_0116_4e1d_a5d40a51a9f5\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___geometric_modifica\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n0f9ca641_709c_01f7_e9e9_8bc2ba8a3caa\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___finite_element_typ\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n733ffebb_6b50_0162_851a_23e757287ac5\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___meshing\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n9cb31166_8318_01ab_9863_1f3f0c142b7d\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___solution_method_an\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"dcdd3559_e216_01a8_796d_905a8bf8dfa4\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___presentation_of_re\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>Model verification</h1>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n86f24311_5115_0178_6257_893251992815\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___general___verifica\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>Structural verifications according to Eurocode</h1>\n<p>Assessment of the structure using CSFM is performed by two different analyses: one for serviceability, and one for ultimate limit state load combinations. The serviceability analysis assumes that the ultimate behavior of the element is satisfactory, and the yield conditions of the material will not be reached at serviceability load levels. This approach enables the use of simplified constitutive models (with a linear branch of concrete stress-strain diagram) for serviceability analysis to enhance numerical stability and calculation speed.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n14632137_15ba_01af_c5f2_f8806b7af7d5\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___material_models__e\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n2a996bb1_7427_0141_697a_2f4649d9bbbc\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___safety_factors\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n7d7fbadc_7f26_0159_2acd_a508ea63d72e\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___ultimate_limit_sta\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"ff6e634b_31f7_01aa_ae97_3cc277823534\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___partially_loaded_a\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"d1ef4528_2e76_010d_453d_fb29f1bbf92c\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___serviceability_lim\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>Structural verifications according to ACI 318-19</h1>\n<p>Assessment of the structure using the CSFM is performed by two different analyses: one for serviceability, and one for strength load combinations. The serviceability analysis assumes that the behavior under factored loads is satisfactory, and the yield conditions of the material will not be reached at serviceability load levels. This approach enables the use of simplified constitutive models (with a linear branch of concrete stress-strain diagram) for serviceability analysis to enhance numerical stability and calculation speed.</p>\n<p>CSFM is in accordance with ACI 318-19, chapter 6.8.1.1. In order for the CSFM to meet the requirements from ACI 318-19 Section 6.8.1.2, a lot of verification testing was done at various universities. Individual articles summarizing the results of verification and validation can be found at the following link.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center-verifications?label=detail\">Verifications: Detail 2D</a></li>\n</ul>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n290d9d15_842c_016f_16ed_e82b056aedaa\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___material_models__a\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n8db66791_e455_015f_0225_68cb060469a3\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___factors___aci\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n5518b5db_9a75_0114_3040_d88e8b8b7a97\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___strength_analysis_\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n6f82b2c2_dd71_0110_ff39_352e28b1afb8\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___bearing_and_anchor\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n9a0db098_ea3e_012f_f7c6_b8b8582f3e9a\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___serviceability_ver\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>Structural verifications according to Australian standard AS 3600 (2018)</h1>\n<p>Assessment of the structure using the CSFM is performed by two different analyses: one for serviceability, and one for strength load combinations. The serviceability analysis assumes that the behavior under factored loads is satisfactory, and the yield conditions of the material will not be reached at serviceability load levels. This approach enables the use of simplified constitutive models (with a linear branch of concrete stress-strain diagram) for serviceability analysis to enhance numerical stability and calculation speed.</p>\n<p>The CSFM is a structural analysis method that satisfies the general rules in Chapters 6.1.1 and 6.1.2 and is defined as (f) non-linear stress analysis in Chapter 6.1.3 - further in Chapter 6.6. </p>\n<p>The analysis by CSFM takes into account all relevant non-linear and inelastic effects (except shrinkage) defined in 6.6.3. </p>\n<p>In order to satisfy the requirements in Sections 6.6.4 and 6.6.5 - more can be found in AS3600:2018 Sup 1:2022 Section C6.6 - verification and validations of the method were done at various universities. Individual articles summarizing the results of verification and validation can be found at the following link.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center-verifications?label=detail\">Verifications: Detail 2D</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Since IDEA StatiCa Detail is a practical design program, factored characteristic compressive cylinder strength at 28 days <em>f'</em><em><sub>c</sub></em> is used for calculations, as is described in the next chapter.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n93622323_5a16_0121_3cab_de1e1f0fd677\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___material_models__a_b7035a6\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n126c047e_65e6_0169_94ce_c74e41c5ca7c\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___stress_reduction_a\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"abcd9332_ed6f_0156_c6e9_2b18784bffe3\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___strength_analysis__8bc3bfe\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"ff7c0163_1239_012b_43da_91da8d3dfbcd\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___serviceability_ver_77b5f2c\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>Prestressing - model description</h1>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"c1b068bd_e046_0151_e774_bd083e4cceca\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"prestressing_in_detail___model_description__body_\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"e7385921_c260_01af_098b_dcd12e427a3a\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>References</h1>\n<p>ACI Committee 318. 2019. <em>Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary</em>. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Alvarez, Manuel. 1998. <em>Einfluss des Verbundverhaltens auf das Verformungsvermögen von Stahlbeton</em>. IBK Bericht 236. Basel: Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion, ETH Zurich, Birkhäuser Verlag.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Beeby, A. W. 1979. “The Prediction of Crack Widths in Hardened Concrete.” <em>The Structural Engineer</em> 57A (1): 9–17.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Broms, Bengt B. 1965. “Crack Width and Crack Spacing In Reinforced Concrete Members.” <em>ACI Journal Proceedings</em> 62 (10): 1237–56. https://doi.org/10.14359/7742.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Burns, C.. 2012. “Serviceability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Members Based on the Tension Chord Model.” IBK Report Nr. 342, Zurich, Switzerland: ETH Zurich.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Crisfield, M. A. 1997. <em>Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Structures</em>. Wiley.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2015. <em>1 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings</em>. Brussels: CEN, 2005.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Fernández Ruiz, M., and A. Muttoni. 2007. “On Development of Suitable Stress Fields for Structural Concrete.” <em>ACI Structural Journal</em> 104 (4): 495–502.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Kaufmann, W., J. Mata-Falcón, M. Weber, T. Galkovski, D. Thong Tran, J. Kabelac, M. Konecny, J. Navratil, M. Cihal, and P. Komarkova. 2020. “<em>Compatible Stress Field Design Of Structural Concrete</em>. Berlin, Germany.”AZ Druck und Datentechnik GmbH, ISBN 978-3-906916-95-8.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Kaufmann, W., and P. Marti. 1998. “Structural Concrete: Cracked Membrane Model.” <em>Journal of Structural Engineering</em> 124 (12): 1467–75. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:12(1467).</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Kaufmann, W.. 1998. “Strength and Deformations of Structural Concrete Subjected to In-Plane Shear and Normal Forces.” Doctoral dissertation, Basel: Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion, ETH Zürich. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7612-4.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Konečný, M., J. Kabeláč, and J. Navrátil. 2017. <em>Use of Topology Optimization in Concrete Reinforcement Design</em>. 24. Czech Concrete Days (2017). ČBS ČSSI. https://resources.ideastatica.com/Content/06_Detail/Verification/Articles/Topology_optimization_US.pdf.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Marti, P. 1985. “Truss Models in Detailing.” <em>Concrete International</em> 7 (12): 66–73.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Marti, P. 2013. <em>Theory of Structures: Fundamentals, Framed Structures, Plates and Shells</em>. First edition. Berlin, Germany: Wiley Ernst & Sohn.</p>\n<p>http://sfx.ethz.ch/sfx_locater?sid=ALEPH:EBI01&genre=book&isbn=9783433029916.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Marti, P., M.Alvarez, W. Kaufmann, and V. Sigrist. 1998. “Tension Chord Model for Structural Concrete.” <em>Structural Engineering International</em> 8 (4): 287–298.</p>\n<p>https://doi.org/10.2749/101686698780488875.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Mata-Falcón, J. 2015. “Serviceability and Ultimate Behaviour of Dapped-End Beams (In Spanish: Estudio Del Comportamiento En Servicio y Rotura de Los Apoyos a Media Madera).” PhD thesis, Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Meier, H. 1983. “Berücksichtigung Des Wirklichkeitsnahen Werkstoffverhaltens Beim Standsicherheitsnachweis Turmartiger Stahlbetonbauwerke.” Institut für Massivbau, Universität Stuttgart.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Navrátil, J., P. Ševčík, L. Michalčík, P. Foltyn, and J. Kabeláč. 2017. <em>A Solution for Walls and Details of Concrete Structures</em>. 24. Czech Concrete Days.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Schlaich, J., K. Schäfer, and M. Jennewein. 1987a. “Toward a Consistent Design of Structural Concrete.” <em>PCI Journal</em> 32 (3): 74–150.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Standards Australia. 2018. <em>Concrete Structures (AS 3600:2018)</em>. Sydney, NSW: Standards Australia.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Standards Australia. 2022. <em>Concrete Structures – Commentary (Supplement 1 to AS 3600:2018)</em>. Sydney, NSW: Standards Australia.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Vecchio, F.J., and M.P. Collins. 1986. “The Modified Compression Field Theory for Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Shear.” <em>ACI Journal</em> 83 (2): 219–31.</p>"
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"value": "<p>You will find out how to apply boundary conditions in the application IDEA StatiCa Detail which uses the <a data-item-id=\"86ad7678-0f7f-452a-8e0d-376ea5797b27\" href=\"\">CSFM (Compatible stress field method)</a>. There are five types of supports, let's find out what are they for.</p>\n<h2>Supports in IDEA StatiCa Detail</h2>\n<h4>Point Distributed Support</h4>\n<p>The first type of support is <strong>point distributed support</strong> which is defined on the edge or within an area of the model where the reaction is distributed. Due to distribution, the stress is not concentrated at one point but distributed over an area. No abrupt changes of stress occur. This type of support is perfect where rotation is enabled, and the stress distribution is uniform under the support, especially <strong>elastomeric</strong> and <strong>pot bridge bearings</strong>. Check out the functionality of <a data-item-id=\"bc5b5556-856a-4f0d-8f32-c4e2de75e237\" href=\"\">partially loaded areas</a> which is compatible only with point-distributed support.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\" data-image-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/76438042-0256-4eee-b9c3-96cc482f48ad/Point%20distributed%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\" data-image-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\" alt=\"Point distributed support\"></figure>\n<h4>Bearing Plate Support</h4>\n<p>The second type of support is called <strong>bearing plate support</strong>. A point reaction is transferred to the model via a steel plate where the plate is not checked, and it serves as a reaction transfer device. The steel plate prevents the occurrence of cracks in concrete and deforms. The dimensions of the plate may affect the results significantly. This kind of support is perfect for structures where a real steel plate is, such as <strong>roller bridge bearing</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\" data-image-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d5dca6f7-506e-49ea-9248-00bd2856aa32/Bearing%20plate%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\" data-image-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\" alt=\"Bearing plate support\"></figure>\n<h4>Line Support</h4>\n<p>The third type of support, which can be considered as universal or more general than these two previous ones, is called <strong>line support</strong>. It acts as a <strong>group of spring supports within a defined length</strong> on the edge or area of the model. Spring stiffness is either default (corresponding to the structure stiffness above the support) or defined by the user. There is a possibility of modeling non-linear support acting in compression only. This kind of support is perfect for any support which does not fit to assumptions of the first two supports (point distributed, bearing plate), especially line supports and spring supports of the piles acting in compression only.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\" data-image-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/41b6a0e5-80c3-4712-bf5b-3fa1cc373c2c/Line%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\" data-image-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\" alt=\"Line support\"></figure>\n<h4>Hanging Support</h4>\n<p>The fourth type of support is the <strong>hanging support</strong>. The support applied at the hanging is converted, according to the rotation, to the supports acting in the axes of each hanging branch, applied at the point where the hanging branches enter the concrete. The part of the hanging protruding from the concrete is not checked. The utilization of such support is quite obvious – precast concrete <strong>lifting anchor system</strong>, especially the site operational loop made from reinforcing steel. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\" data-image-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d68c0c7a-0f69-467d-b9bc-52e66cfa8c7c/Hanging%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\" data-image-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\" alt=\"Hanging support\"></figure>\n<h4>Patch Support</h4>\n<p>The fifth type of support in IDEA StatiCa Detail is <strong>patch support</strong>. It is a point support with a specific area through which the reaction is transferred to the model. The reaction is applied directly to reinforcement, explicitly specified (otherwise, it is applied to a concrete). The utilization of such support is quite obvious – <strong>precast concrete lifting anchor system</strong>, especially steel plate welded to reinforcement, basically all kinds of lifting anchor systems fastened (welded) to reinforcement or supported the anchor against it. Another use of this support is the modeling of the bearing of the ledge beam (indirect support system).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\" data-image-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f6e72c10-0612-4ceb-b2fb-98d198e75fd1/Patch%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\" data-image-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\" alt=\"Patch support\"></figure>\n<p><strong>For a more demonstrative explanation, check the webinar, where all the types of support are explained one by one:</strong></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"cdd07ef9_c42d_01a5_1459_805b95cfbe50\"></object>\n<h2> Tip for advanced users</h2>\n<p>In the previous article, we covered the basic types of supports applicable in IDEA StatiCa Detail. However, it may happen that for specific structures, these basic types are not sufficient.</p>\n<p>We have prepared an article focusing on specific, more advanced topics relevant to anchors, bridge bearings, etc.: <a data-item-id=\"1d52ff19-b6b3-5290-905a-178825f7cdc1\" href=\"\">Supports in IDEA StatiCa Detail - Advanced Topics</a></p>"
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"value": "<p><strong>Compatible Stress Field Method </strong>(CSFM) is an innovative method implemented in IDEA StatiCa Concrete used for the design of reinforced concrete structures. Let’s take a look behind the scenes of our software and see for yourselves that there is no need to be afraid of using CSFM calculations in your projects. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\" data-image-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7fd8d041-20d1-40a8-9a71-eb9cdce27155/7.png\" data-asset-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\" data-image-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Fig: a) Wall with openings b) Shear wall c) Beam with dapped ends and openings d) Bridge pier e) Bridge diaphragm </em></p>\n<p>See the <strong>introduction video about CSFM and IDEA StatiCa Detail</strong>:</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n9cf4be9e_1a16_013b_08ac_786b868df709\"></object>\n<p>CSFM offers much more than just ULS checks. The advanced state of the method is based on <strong>modified compression field theory</strong>, implementation of <strong>tension stiffening</strong>, and distinguishing between stabilized or non-stabilized cracking; hence we <strong>perform SLS checks</strong> of the concrete member. Thus, we can observe <strong>crack width</strong>, <strong>deformation</strong>, and <strong>stresses</strong> corresponding to SLS combinations.</p>\n<p>Watch the recording of a webinar where the theory behind the CSFM was explained in detail. </p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n4a95bf6f_e0a2_0145_b0f4_e9fe78b96928\"></object>\n<p>If you are interested in the method itself, see some more resources:</p>\n<p><strong>Article summarizing the principles</strong> of the method: <a data-item-id=\"eaab962d-ba44-4ee0-8fa7-45193c9f52b5\" href=\"\">CSFM explained</a></p>\n<p><strong>Extensive theoretical background</strong> where you will find in detail the material methods used, how the model is built and meshed, and how the individual values are calculated: <a data-item-id=\"0000c94c-b603-48c4-8d31-bc56d7c95886\" href=\"\">Theoretical Background</a></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>The method (CSFM) is implemented in <a data-item-id=\"4d79cdf4-c6ee-47e8-b4f2-58f4281194bf\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Detail</a>.</p>\n<p><br></p>"
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"value": "<p>Il CSFM (<em>Compatible stress field method</em>), è un metodo per progettare e verificare i dettagli in calcestruzzo (come mensole, teste di pali, travi con aperture, estremità scassate, ecc. I dettagli possono essere creati passo dopo passo utilizzando le entità o possono essere importati da un riferimento DXF, e il modello viene automaticamente trasferito al modello di analisi dal CSFM. I risultati, in base al codice, sono forniti.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9739b6d6-2cbc-4745-a590-4a85f7e1862f\" data-image-id=\"9739b6d6-2cbc-4745-a590-4a85f7e1862f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/dc56c80f-67f3-481d-a2c8-26dacc258bb2/csfm%20explained%20%281%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"9739b6d6-2cbc-4745-a590-4a85f7e1862f\" data-image-id=\"9739b6d6-2cbc-4745-a590-4a85f7e1862f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Il metodo è <strong>riassunto</strong> brevemente e tutti i <strong>principi essenziali</strong> sono spiegati nell'articolo seguente. Si troverà anche un confronto con il metodo dei puntoni e dei legami e con il metodo dei campi di sollecitazione e come si relazionano tra loro.</p>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"eaab962d-ba44-4ee0-8fa7-45193c9f52b5\" href=\"\">Spiegazioni sul CSFM</a></p>\n<p>Per ottenere informazioni complete e teoria, puoi scegliere una delle seguenti fonti:</p>\n<p>1. <strong>Lezione online</strong> del Prof. Kaufmann dell'ETH:</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n1543fee3_6abc_011a_43f1_669ba3c2182a\"></object>\n<p>2. Il <strong>background teorico</strong> scritto dal nostro team:</p>\n<p>Per saperne di più sulla CSFM, consultate il nostro <a data-item-id=\"0000c94c-b603-48c4-8d31-bc56d7c95886\" href=\"\">Background teorico</a>.</p>\n<p>Se vuoi vedere l'<strong>uso pratico</strong>, vai su <a data-item-id=\"ebaacf5d-a42f-4212-8530-4a798a6bffe0\" href=\"\">Casi di studio</a> o <a data-item-id=\"6960cf43-a5d3-4169-8fd0-59b3574b7a36\" href=\"\">Progetti campione</a>, dove potete scaricare i modelli e vedere voi stessi quali risultati può offrirvi <a data-item-id=\"4d79cdf4-c6ee-47e8-b4f2-58f4281194bf\" href=\"\">IDEA Statica Detail</a>.</p>"
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"value": "I risultati di IDEA StatiCa Detail e del metodo CSFM nel suo solutore sono stati convalidati dal team guidato dal Prof. Walter Kaufmann del Politecnico di Zurigo. Gli esempi più importanti di verifica e validazione sono stati pubblicati nel libro Compatible stress field design of structural concrete"
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"value": "<p>Questa pubblicazione presenta i principi e la validazione del <strong>Compatible Stress Field Method (CSFM)</strong>.</p>\n<p>Questo nuovo metodo può essere utilizzato per la progettazione e la valutazione di qualsiasi struttura in calcestruzzo soggetta a carichi in piano ed è particolarmente adatto per il dimensionamento di \"regioni di discontinuità\", come mensole, travi profonde, pareti con aperture, estremità di travi tagliate e angoli del telaio. Il CSFM rappresenta un significativo passo avanti per la pratica dell'ingegneria strutturale, in quanto consente di verificare efficacemente tutte le disposizioni del codice di progettazione, compresi gli aspetti di funzionalità, carico-deformazione e capacità di deformazione, anche per le membrature in calcestruzzo con geometria complessa. Il metodo si basa sull'analisi agli elementi finiti e utilizza solo i parametri di base dei materiali impiegati nella progettazione standard del calcestruzzo strutturale.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"428fd7cc-55be-430b-b478-a32e674105be\" data-image-id=\"428fd7cc-55be-430b-b478-a32e674105be\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bb6950c3-dc66-45e5-b3fe-43dfe57f7918/CSFM%20-%20design%20tools.png\" data-asset-id=\"428fd7cc-55be-430b-b478-a32e674105be\" data-image-id=\"428fd7cc-55be-430b-b478-a32e674105be\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Vengono presentati e discussi i risultati del CSFM per una serie di esempi di verifica, durante i quali viene trattata anche l'influenza dei parametri principali del metodo e dei modelli sottostanti. I risultati sono confrontati con un'ampia gamma di soluzioni analitiche, disposizioni del codice di progettazione e risultati sperimentali, e mostrano un buon accordo con tutti.</p>\n<h4>Ascolta l'autore mentre parla del metodo CSFM</h4>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"untitled_content_item_eb331e6\"></object>\n<h2>Team di autori</h2>\n<p>Prof. Dr. Walter Kaufmann, Dr. Jaime Mata-Falcón, Dr. Marius Weber, Tena Galkovski, Duc Thong Tran, Dr. Jaromir Kabelac, Michael Konecny, Ass. Prof. Dr. Jaroslav Navratil, Michal Cihal, Petra Komarkova</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9b1c8f09-47f6-4693-b6bd-48dbb34c3d20\" data-image-id=\"9b1c8f09-47f6-4693-b6bd-48dbb34c3d20\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5ffb9625-f94e-4eba-a2b6-d721f8399241/ETH%20Zurich%20logo.png\" data-asset-id=\"9b1c8f09-47f6-4693-b6bd-48dbb34c3d20\" data-image-id=\"9b1c8f09-47f6-4693-b6bd-48dbb34c3d20\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Politecnico di Zurigo, Istituto di ingegneria strutturale</em></p>\n<h2>Informazioni sul Prof. Dr. Walter Kaufmann</h2>\n<p>Walter Kaufmann è titolare della cattedra di Ingegneria strutturale (strutture in calcestruzzo e progettazione di ponti) presso il Politecnico di Zurigo. È presidente della Commissione svizzera per il codice del calcestruzzo ed è ricercatore principale presso il Centro nazionale svizzero di competenza per la ricerca (NCCR) sulla fabbricazione digitale. La sua ricerca si concentra sulle strutture innovative, sulla capacità di carico e di deformazione delle strutture in calcestruzzo, sulla valutazione della sicurezza strutturale delle strutture esistenti e sui metodi di fabbricazione digitale.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"478e3e10-7415-41cb-9eaf-525455c49df7\" data-image-id=\"478e3e10-7415-41cb-9eaf-525455c49df7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f9a70452-c086-43c1-a82b-8b12de808aa8/Kaufmann_Passfoto_small.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"478e3e10-7415-41cb-9eaf-525455c49df7\" data-image-id=\"478e3e10-7415-41cb-9eaf-525455c49df7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Si è laureato al Politecnico di Zurigo nel 1992 (dipl. Bau-Ing.) e nel 1998 (Dr. sc. techn.). Prima di entrare al Politecnico di Zurigo nel 2014, è stato attivo nell'industria per oltre 15 anni, lavorando principalmente in Spagna e Svizzera. In questo periodo ha diretto numerosi progetti di ingegneria strutturale per edifici e ponti, ha partecipato con successo a molti concorsi di progettazione di ponti ed è stato coinvolto in un gran numero di perizie.</p>\n<h2>Fonte</h2>\n<p>KAUFMANN, Walter, et al.<br>\n<em>Progettazione compatibile del campo di sollecitazione del calcestruzzo strutturale</em><br>\nETH Zurigo, 2020<br>\nISBN 978-3-906916-95-8 stampa<br>\n158 pagine</p>\n<h2>Acquista l'ebook online</h2>\n<p><a href=\"https://payhip.com/b/DP6N\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Acquista la versione ebook (PDF) online su Payhip</strong></a><strong>.</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Prezzo: 60 EUR + IVA</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Studenti: 18 EUR + IVA (</strong><a data-item-id=\"80574849-cb65-4360-a14b-06b69684c0cb\" href=\"\"><strong>contattateci</strong></a><strong> per un buono sconto del 70%)</strong></p>\n<h2>Contenuto del libro</h2>\n<p>Qui potete vedere l'<a data-asset-id=\"1e766820-377b-44bf-9161-1a38f8ebbc10\" href=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4969f485-61b0-48fe-8d7a-3cc76b1fd85d/table%20of%20contents.pdf\">indice dei contenuti</a> che mostra la gamma di esempi testati. Tutti i risultati mostrano una correlazione molto stretta con i dati confrontati.</p>"
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"value": "<h2>Reinforcement in Partially Loaded Area</h2>\n<p>You can design the reinforcement in the partially loaded area in a more effective way since version 20.1. The reinforcing bars are part of the CSFM model, and the bond between concrete and bars is treated as perfect. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3ab51e56-2e14-40b7-9f70-7ee929f7adeb\" data-image-id=\"3ab51e56-2e14-40b7-9f70-7ee929f7adeb\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f589881a-d9fc-4105-a625-e64020697db3/Partially%20loaded%20areas-reinf.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"3ab51e56-2e14-40b7-9f70-7ee929f7adeb\" data-image-id=\"3ab51e56-2e14-40b7-9f70-7ee929f7adeb\" alt=\"partially loaded areas with reinforcement\"></figure>\n<h2>About Partially Loaded Area</h2>\n<p>This feature is suitable mainly for precast and bridge structural engineers who are dealing with significant reactions in the bearings or concentrated prestressed forces from the tendons in the beams. The benefit is hidden beyond non - conservative design, saving material and money.</p>\n<p>We have figured out how to deal with triaxial stress in partially loaded areas. In these areas crushing of concrete is allowed, and the resistance of concrete in compression can be raised due to transverse confinement according to valid standards (Eurocode). The increase of the resistance can be up to 3 times the cylinder strength of concrete.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b72f7533-5eae-4ccc-8386-af616f712ff6\" data-image-id=\"b72f7533-5eae-4ccc-8386-af616f712ff6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/25769cf9-c38a-4738-860c-948de6a17400/Partially%20loaded%20area%201.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"b72f7533-5eae-4ccc-8386-af616f712ff6\" data-image-id=\"b72f7533-5eae-4ccc-8386-af616f712ff6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The partially loaded area can be found on every structure. Some typical examples are bridge diaphragms with an area above the bearings, areas under the anchor, or concentrated load on the edge of the wall. Partially loaded areas are designed according to the requirements of the Eurocode and simultaneously are restrained by model geometry (openings, thickness, edges, abrupt change of cross-section).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"db666445-daab-4bbd-8f4c-dd0917b61eba\" data-image-id=\"db666445-daab-4bbd-8f4c-dd0917b61eba\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/88696c5a-2fa2-4f08-b3d7-2ae565699c02/Partially%20loaded%20area%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"db666445-daab-4bbd-8f4c-dd0917b61eba\" data-image-id=\"db666445-daab-4bbd-8f4c-dd0917b61eba\" alt=\"Triaxial stress is covered by new feature, which artificially increase the area of the cone and cover this effect.\"></figure>\n<p>The increase of concrete resistance can be considered if the confinement is kept. Due to this condition, reinforcement bars are automatically added to pass the condition regarding confinement and Eurocode provision.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"802e353e-22eb-4418-a1c6-c7c47e4f890c\" data-image-id=\"802e353e-22eb-4418-a1c6-c7c47e4f890c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7fecad0b-e34f-415a-86ce-0b5ddf1b674c/Partially%20loaded%20area%20cone.png\" data-asset-id=\"802e353e-22eb-4418-a1c6-c7c47e4f890c\" data-image-id=\"802e353e-22eb-4418-a1c6-c7c47e4f890c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>This functionality guarantees that models are getting converge and simultaneously comply with design criteria for valid standards (Eurocode). The implemented method is independent of the finite element mesh. <strong>The bearing capacity is increased with</strong> the <strong>changing of the concrete area. The consequence of this state is constant stress along with the height of a cone. </strong>Dispersed fictitious struts affect artificially the stiffness of the cone and correctly redistribute the transverse stress, which appears in this area. The density of each dispersed strut is increased to the direction of the applied load.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"62cc432f-b87c-4de2-b8ca-afd16981510a\" data-image-id=\"62cc432f-b87c-4de2-b8ca-afd16981510a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2a98ab65-1aab-4c54-839b-25a89481479e/Dispersed%20fictitious%20struts.png\" data-asset-id=\"62cc432f-b87c-4de2-b8ca-afd16981510a\" data-image-id=\"62cc432f-b87c-4de2-b8ca-afd16981510a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Known limitations come out from the standards valid in Eurocode.</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Cones cannot coincide</li>\n <li>The area A<sub>c1</sub> and A<sub>c0 </sub>lie on the resultant of the acting force</li>\n</ul>\n<p><br></p>"
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"value": "<h2>Wall</h2>\n<p>The wall is the most general entity that can be defined in your model. There are various cases for which you can use this detail. Now, it's time to explain how. </p>\n<p>First, let's talk about the shape of the element. The wall's shape can be defined as:</p>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Rectangular</strong> </li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>Using this option, all you need to do is to set the element's width, height, thickness, and, if necessary, offset in X direction related to the top left and right corner.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\" data-image-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ac646772-fed5-4840-b262-a991fa509a69/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_rectangular.png\" data-asset-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\" data-image-id=\"b151040d-4d6d-4e20-a297-670e3af4cd71\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Polygon</strong></li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>If you need a more complex topology, the Polygon shape is the way. The geometry can be defined by selecting the Edit shape button in the data window, and then in the wizard using coordinates in X and Z directions related to the global coordinate system. You can add new rows, or delete the existing ones using the right-click into the coordinates table.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\" data-image-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e0275f69-8357-43ba-9450-059d706dff03/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_polygon.png\" data-asset-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\" data-image-id=\"9a09f87a-31c4-4c32-a44d-2b30d868869d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li><strong>Import DXF</strong> </li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>In case of having a complex shape of the structure or already finished drawings, you can use the import from the DXF file functionality to have the geometry defined quickly. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\" data-image-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bbd926e9-959c-4818-b415-41974097b044/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_DXF1.png\" data-asset-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\" data-image-id=\"d33c995d-190c-43f5-9dfb-589a025b24b7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Simply click on the Import DXF button, pick the file from your storage, and start selecting the structure's outline. It can be done by choosing the lines individually in the main graphic window, or just a single line and then clicking the Consecutive button from the top ribbon.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\" data-image-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1b2da944-b95d-4d91-8505-211030166867/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_DXF2.png\" data-asset-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\" data-image-id=\"b6fe80b6-3a1d-434b-a35e-4635c8362f1c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>In the wizard, you can use the full potential of the functionalities in the top ribbon - it is possible to change the units, distinguish three planes - XY, XZ, and YZ in which the drawing is done, set some tolerance and discretization of curved lines, entities numbers, and add openings directly. On top of that, when you make a mistake, you can undo the steps, and clear the selection.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\" data-image-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7282d9d1-51b6-4bb6-b73c-82c5aef23010/QRC-D_03%20Wall_shape_DXF3.png\" data-asset-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\" data-image-id=\"bc162bb5-9685-4cba-b26b-60417fccf05b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Moreover, you can even import the geometry together with the reinforcement!</p>\n<p>Now, let's sum up the most important information you need to know for proper wall element definition.</p>\n<ul>\n <li>All types of <a data-item-id=\"5a121972-f384-4f14-8788-9da298e1aae1\" href=\"\"><strong>supports</strong></a> and <strong>transfer devices</strong> can be used for this geometry type.</li>\n <li>It is not possible to add a <a data-item-id=\"aa1a5fc8-a069-4196-9c2e-cde472068193\" href=\"\"><strong>trimmed end</strong></a> of the wall, the structure must be defined as a whole. </li>\n <li>All types of <strong>openings</strong> can be applied.</li>\n <li>And last but not least, the wall entity must have a constant <strong>thickness</strong>.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The whole model can be made up of several separate elements. The software will automatically connect them. The joint between the walls must be free of gaps. Moreover, it is possible to define different thicknesses for each wall element used in the project. See the example in the image below.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\" data-image-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3ce7dc88-9f5e-4dfe-b64d-11dc718b63d7/RC-D_03_01.png\" data-asset-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\" data-image-id=\"025d3df2-ffe0-4c71-9bde-f5837421ae1a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Beam</h2>\n<p>This element can be used for various types of beams. It is up to you whether you need to model and analyze the whole beam or just want to focus on a specific area - discontinuity region using the trimmed end option.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\" data-image-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/87a7e44f-524e-4533-b313-482d7ac74b91/QRC-D_03%20Beam_whole%20beam.png\" data-asset-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\" data-image-id=\"9bd9525d-f0b9-477c-97b6-b7d1ab6365a3\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Example of a whole saddle beam with openings</em></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Let's say you have already designed and checked the reinforcement in the B-regions, and you want to focus on the discontinuity regions of the beam only, so you won't spend additional time modeling the whole beam. No problem! In this case, it is recommended to model the trimmed beam.</p>\n<p>The beam can be trimmed at:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Beginning</strong></li>\n <li><strong>End</strong></li>\n <li>Or <strong>both</strong> the beginning and end at the same time</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\" data-image-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3e601d9e-4dd4-4bfb-aa41-0f8aff99588e/QRC-D_03%20Beam_trimmed%20end.png\" data-asset-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\" data-image-id=\"99f9f30d-cc57-4dea-981c-f8d76092acbc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Example of a beam with the trimmed end</em></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>When modeling a beam, you can select one of the pre-defined <a data-item-id=\"5cff133b-460c-4bf2-94c2-3957a7b88e47\" href=\"\">cross-sections</a> from the library.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\" data-image-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/98d2b093-7fb0-45e5-853e-2acc3873864b/QRC-D_03%20Beam_cross-sections.png\" data-asset-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\" data-image-id=\"55bb8184-6fc9-4567-81af-fca818c4f5b7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The beam is defined as a 2D element. The cross-section of the beam is used only to set the proper thicknesses. </p>\n<p>Let's check the summary for beam elements:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>All types of <a data-item-id=\"50ed723b-9b87-4870-a69f-e05b5a8a8150\" href=\"\"><strong>supports</strong></a> and <strong>transfer devices</strong> can be used for this geometry type.</li>\n <li>The beam can be <a data-item-id=\"7e9198c1-d161-5c59-9e9b-aed2c2a00408\" href=\"\"><strong>trimmed</strong></a><strong> </strong>at the beginning, end, or both the beginning and end. </li>\n <li>All types of <strong>openings</strong> can be applied.</li>\n <li>The structure can have <strong>haunches</strong> - just select the checkbox in the data window and set the parameters.</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\" data-image-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/04bf59e2-fa45-49eb-b136-7ad3e7c88be3/RC-D_03_02.png\" data-asset-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\" data-image-id=\"d721402b-14ac-4807-aef2-f668dd9f3166\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Knee joint</h2>\n<p>A knee joint is a type of frame joint - basically the most commonly used D-region. Sometimes, they can be underestimated in the design. However, it is important to pay attention to them. And it can be easy when you have a powerful tool such as the IDEA StatiCa Detail application. </p>\n<p>What's important to know?</p>\n<ul>\n <li>As in the beam element case, also the knee joint is defined using a <a data-item-id=\"5cff133b-460c-4bf2-94c2-3957a7b88e47\" href=\"\"><strong>cross-section</strong></a> selected from the library. </li>\n <li>Compared to wall and beam types, you can't set supports. Only the usage of <a data-item-id=\"aa1a5fc8-a069-4196-9c2e-cde472068193\" href=\"\"><strong>trimmed</strong></a> or <strong>free ends</strong> is allowed in this case. Nevertheless, all types of load transferring devices can be applied to the structure.</li>\n <li>All types of <strong>openings</strong> can be applied.</li>\n <li>The structure can have <strong>haunches</strong> - just select the checkbox in the data window and set the parameters. On top of that, the members can be <strong>inclined</strong> by the wanted angle. </li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\" data-image-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/34573afb-190b-430c-b7bb-01d268959bb0/RC-D_03_03.png\" data-asset-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\" data-image-id=\"2f0b6e92-12e9-4d0e-9ca1-694c0b540aae\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The geometry of the knee joint may vary. In the Detail app, you can select from three options to define the most suitable one.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\" data-image-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/74ac2f16-df31-4471-8ef0-3b05a412f654/QRC-D_03%20Knee%20joint_joint%20type.png\" data-asset-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\" data-image-id=\"c5edd940-03b8-45d5-b727-8c7519191be0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>To see it in the action, check the image below. These three structures were created by using the same settings, only with different joint types.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\" data-image-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f261ebd1-7854-4d18-808c-6acfc4334d6b/RC-D_03_04.png\" data-asset-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\" data-image-id=\"7c4d9fea-76b9-4de6-9399-7946e1351c95\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Cross joint</h2>\n<p>This option is identical to the knee joint. For the characteristics, see the previous paragraph.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\" data-image-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4bb40a71-3067-4cf2-8aa5-71024ddeb7c6/RC-D_03_05.png\" data-asset-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\" data-image-id=\"e4670a1e-0b30-4707-b708-7858eb147bae\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>There are two types of Cross joints - prismatic beam or prismatic column. The difference is shown in the image below. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\" data-image-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/87cc88dc-5366-4e2c-b264-8cd1619eaeb0/RC-D_03_06.png\" data-asset-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\" data-image-id=\"a10dccd9-755e-4463-ab21-21803ae67e73\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Diaphragm</h2>\n<p>Diaphragms are exactly the same as walls in terms of the element's definition. For more information, please see the Wall paragraph.</p>\n<p>There are three ways to define the shape:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Two-way bridge </li>\n <li>Highway bridge </li>\n <li>And General - by polyline or imported from the DXF file</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\" data-image-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/87d19f2d-5c10-4531-97a5-0e36f138587b/QRC-D_03%20Diaphragm_types.png\" data-asset-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\" data-image-id=\"3c3913eb-ffb0-4e02-8ae8-59a315d449a5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>It is important to mention that these details (subregions) can be divided into two groups. 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"value": "<h2>1 New project</h2>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\" data-image-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ae7cb3f1-214d-417c-8224-b6d703b9c794/1_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\" data-image-id=\"b228b018-7410-488d-a190-39a90b700fca\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Start a <a data-item-id=\"9b7994e5-6207-43cf-9f97-a754d0362241\" href=\"\"><strong>New</strong></a> project in <a data-item-id=\"a0e85d28-23e6-4006-94d6-f334c2be9b67\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Detail</a>.</p>\n<p>In the first step, select the desired class and topology, you can then define the design code (choose <strong>EN</strong>) as well as the concrete grade and cover (use concrete<strong> C30/37</strong> and cover <strong>30 mm</strong>). You can change your choice of material (or add another one) later, nevertheless, the design code can be chosen only in this first step of the project.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\" data-image-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a5663589-fde9-42df-a943-40fbf4014345/1_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\" data-image-id=\"0b678e22-8ff7-4917-882c-e71da7e23c97\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>2 Geometry</h2>\n<p>Start the definition of geometry by changing the cross-section of the <strong>Member</strong> <strong>M1</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\" data-image-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bf1fbecd-1f2e-40cf-9b46-28d0595bb46d/2_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\" data-image-id=\"1c000a6d-7f43-42bc-b164-23c720978712\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Define the <strong>I shape with haunched flanges</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\" data-image-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ce99c108-ec5b-430d-800e-5b9edb6f0c27/2_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\" data-image-id=\"c31546e4-0b63-45de-85df-6626a6ddfea4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Change the width of the flanges and the height of the beam.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\" data-image-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9839e7bd-5471-4883-a4c1-e28609fb85d7/2_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\" data-image-id=\"1f596505-cab1-46b0-9633-1c168b12f29b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The <a data-item-id=\"865804fb-a8ac-42df-9ddd-e05404a48c9d\" href=\"\"><strong>opening</strong></a> is enlarged and shifted to the center of the beam.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\" data-image-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/17810c5a-140d-4372-946e-e540cad41f7d/2_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\" data-image-id=\"0a2d95bf-6ddf-4177-a0c9-d2ee8a68eec4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Read more about the geometry definition in <a data-item-id=\"d687ccdc-e898-489c-91cf-c4d935406d36\" href=\"\"><strong>Geometry types in Detail</strong></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>3 Load effects</h2>\n<p>Let us now define the <strong>Load</strong> of the detail. You can see that two load cases were already automatically created. Change the content of the load cases a little bit.</p>\n<p>For <strong>LC1</strong> (permanent load), change the <strong>Internal forces</strong> so that you input the values of shear force and bending moment at the point of the opening. In <strong>Load Impulses</strong>, keep the value of line load to <strong>-10 kN/m</strong> in global Z-.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\" data-image-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1773c0ed-07fd-440a-9c65-6f322ad14e20/3_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\" data-image-id=\"58c23394-f525-4def-b435-61566cc335a9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Similarly, change the values of <strong>Internal forces</strong> for <strong>LC2</strong> (variable load). In <strong>Load impulses</strong>, change the value to <strong>-5 kN/m</strong> in global Z-direction.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\" data-image-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1ed3197b-d918-489b-8613-8fc59e89e9fd/3_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\" data-image-id=\"1204edbd-1741-4f5a-beea-26a61c2f5722\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Three nonlinear combinations were already defined: C1 stands for ULS checks. C2 is a quasi-permanent and C3 a characteristic load combination, both defined for SLS code checks. You can define new combinations if required, there are three types of combinations available for SLS code checks: characteristic, frequent and quasi-permanent. You can select which checks shall be performed for each combination and the partial coefficients for the combination rules can be adjusted as well. In our case we use the predefined combinations.</p>\n<p>The calculations will be performed only for the checked items. Right now we leave all three combinations (C1, C2 and C3) selected.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\" data-image-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e5376849-76d4-498e-953f-fef18b8306dc/3_6.png\" data-asset-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\" data-image-id=\"05026937-915b-4619-9d3b-df0063ec00b5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Learn more about internal forces in <a data-item-id=\"38cbe005-0e1e-4d75-ae8a-2ef9dcee4c2b\" href=\"\">General description of Load impulses in Detail application</a></li>\n <li>Learn more about load impulses in <a data-item-id=\"05ba912c-dc0b-4a2f-9763-099001bbb052\" href=\"\">Internal forces and equilibrium in Detail application</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>4 Reinforcement</h2>\n<p>Once the load has been defined, you can proceed to input the <strong>Reinforcement</strong>. You will use the items created by the template.</p>\n<p>You can change the diameter of stirrups and adjust their distances (the first value corresponds to the distance of the first stirrup from the edge, the other stirrups will be distributed in distances given by the second value).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\" data-image-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e73ef6fa-d511-47c2-b10c-c010ded36316/4_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\" data-image-id=\"80475315-55d1-4a6d-962c-fbbf5a47a15b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Reduce the diameter of bars of reinforcement <strong>RO1</strong> around the opening and the number of layers of horizontal/vertical and diagonal bars. Change the distance between horizontal/vertical bars and also adjust the length of the diagonal bars and anchoring of horizontal/vertical bars.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\" data-image-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/327fd926-94d2-48d3-b417-68f8de3030fc/4_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\" data-image-id=\"52fa5a28-71ee-4ee4-80ee-58c09c778f11\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The operation <strong>GB1</strong> includes a group of bars at the bottom face of the beam. Change the diameter of bars.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\" data-image-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/605263be-1f0b-480f-9810-a9e18e7f6db2/4_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\" data-image-id=\"12dc786c-f420-4bbc-afee-83b9c0e742d0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Master your reinforcing skills by reading <a data-item-id=\"6fa5f6f4-dd62-4a8b-a85b-77dc223d2e05\" href=\"\">Reinforcement definition in the Detail application</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>5 Calculation and Check</h2>\n<p>Proceed to calculate the project. Continue to <strong>Check</strong> Tab and press the <strong>Calculate</strong> button in the top ribbon.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\" data-image-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5bfb0f66-41ac-4b88-8c00-e7708211994b/5_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\" data-image-id=\"9069ec11-c781-4e87-b152-9670ed6cc3f1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>At the top left of the screen, you can see the overview of all the code checks and the status of the checks (passed/failed).</p>\n<p>In the table on the right, all the detailed results and the amount of permanent and variable load applied can be found. At the moment, the resulting strength check of the concrete in ULS is presented. In the <strong>Results</strong> toolbar, the limit value for the diagram can be changed. Change the value so that only the concrete in compression over <strong>-2 MPa</strong> is marked red.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\" data-image-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2b213a23-c573-4a41-815a-4e8ba256beac/1.png\" data-asset-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\" data-image-id=\"399e0a14-3878-4bab-b705-23a7f63ecce8\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>You can display all the code checks using the buttons in the <strong>Code-check results</strong> toolbar. In the <strong>Summary</strong>, the main results for ULS/SLS are presented. Click for instance on the line in <strong>ULS/Anchorage length</strong> to display the utilization of the bond between concrete and reinforcement (with the most critical spot marked in the figure).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\" data-image-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7ae29cba-2d39-4d59-aa42-d270c02da894/2.png\" data-asset-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\" data-image-id=\"d1582b74-b0b4-4e4e-9c1d-a7d7f0965965\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>We open the SLS results by selecting a SLS Combination, e.g. C2 or C3.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\" data-image-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/59cbb2a8-dfb3-4f3e-9bd3-e2991a85a5f0/3.png\" data-asset-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\" data-image-id=\"a150e9aa-f2fe-4548-bf86-64e0bb5c88e0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>To open the detailed results of ULS, click <strong>Strength</strong> in Code-check results. As noted above the table, C1 combination was used to check ULS.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d717738e-3f23-4f4e-99e8-0e6f86b8563c\" data-image-id=\"d717738e-3f23-4f4e-99e8-0e6f86b8563c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/aba8fc13-3fbe-47a8-a281-fe12c1d9f11b/4.png\" data-asset-id=\"d717738e-3f23-4f4e-99e8-0e6f86b8563c\" data-image-id=\"d717738e-3f23-4f4e-99e8-0e6f86b8563c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Again, you can display the results for <strong>Concrete</strong> and also for <strong>Reinforcement</strong> by selecting the corresponding tab above the table. You can select any bar of reinforcement to see its results of analysis and code check.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\" data-image-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d3cbd0bc-46fd-4d9c-8776-d71d9eb4bd21/5.png\" data-asset-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\" data-image-id=\"fe9f6f00-5d60-49e0-bfc0-74e28d6ceffc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>More info about ULS results can be found in <a data-item-id=\"dfd7d908-843b-4d1e-8f66-26343a9bf3ff\" href=\"\">General description of ULS results in Detail application</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>The detailed results of SLS can be found under <strong>Stress limitation, </strong><a data-item-id=\"ea994302-6f97-4068-818f-19f6666fdb27\" href=\"\"><strong>Crack</strong></a><strong> width</strong> and <strong>Deflection</strong>. For the Stress limitation state, the stress in concrete is checked for both C2 and C3 combinations, while the check of reinforcement is applied only for the combination C3.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"657ab157-7e89-4488-aff6-aeb6e402a3ba\" data-image-id=\"657ab157-7e89-4488-aff6-aeb6e402a3ba\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5fe709e5-124b-4c6a-949f-1720f1e7eb80/6.png\" data-asset-id=\"657ab157-7e89-4488-aff6-aeb6e402a3ba\" data-image-id=\"657ab157-7e89-4488-aff6-aeb6e402a3ba\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Calculated <strong>Crack width</strong>s can be displayed by clicking the corresponding icon. The calculated values are compared to the limit value w_{st,lim} which can be edited in the top ribbon.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\" data-image-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a9405f9f-0e01-4e76-ad1c-ae7df7d478c8/7.png\" data-asset-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\" data-image-id=\"b669b1ec-73dc-413d-8eaf-008ea0e2f387\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>More info about SLS results can be found in <a data-item-id=\"9e7e995c-6e74-422f-af6e-88a8d7fe047f\" href=\"\">General description of SLS results in Detail application</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>6 Report</h2>\n<p>At last, go to the <strong>Report </strong>Tab. IDEA StatiCa offers a fully customizable report to print out or save in an editable format.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"07b2a2d9-31e0-4f6e-ad3c-660419aa72aa\" data-image-id=\"07b2a2d9-31e0-4f6e-ad3c-660419aa72aa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/6d0a57ef-98c6-4dd9-8077-b3103cbfd075/8.png\" data-asset-id=\"07b2a2d9-31e0-4f6e-ad3c-660419aa72aa\" data-image-id=\"07b2a2d9-31e0-4f6e-ad3c-660419aa72aa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2e3559ac-8f4b-47ce-ad68-1a79a58db745\" data-image-id=\"2e3559ac-8f4b-47ce-ad68-1a79a58db745\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b5212488-59ca-4a61-a429-b45cecbb29a5/6_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"2e3559ac-8f4b-47ce-ad68-1a79a58db745\" data-image-id=\"2e3559ac-8f4b-47ce-ad68-1a79a58db745\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>You have designed, optimized, and code-checked the part of the <a data-item-id=\"77764ea2-7c2a-5b80-820b-8f3db5624600\" href=\"\">beam with an opening</a>.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"beam_with_an_opening_b2933a1\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"campus_cta\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n06189af4_92d9_014b_d1b5_bbc055bf0ffc\"></object>"
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"value": "<p><br></p>\n<p>The theoretical background is based on COMPATIBLE STRESS FIELD DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE<br>\n(Kaufmann et al., 2020)</p>\n<h1>Structural design of concrete discontinuities in IDEA StatiCa Detail</h1>\n<h2>Introduction to the CSFM method</h2>\n<p><a href=\"#general-introduction\">General introduction for the structural design of concrete details</a><br>\n<a href=\"#main-assumptions-and-limitations\">Main assumptions and limitations</a><br>\n<a href=\"#design-tools-for-reinforcement\">Design tools for reinforcement</a></p>\n<h2>Analysis model of IDEA StatiCa Detail</h2>\n<p><a href=\"#introduction-to-finite-element-implementation\">Introduction to finite element implementation</a><br>\n<a href=\"#supports-and-load-transmitting-components\">Supports and load transmitting components</a><br>\n<a href=\"#load-transfer-at-trimmed-ends-of-beams\">Load transfer at trimmed ends of beams</a><br>\n<a href=\"#geometric-modification-of-cross-sections\">Geometric modification of cross-sections</a><br>\n<a href=\"#finite-element-types\">Finite element types</a><br>\n<a href=\"#meshing\">Meshing</a><br>\n<a href=\"#solution-method-and-load-control-algorithm\">Solution method and load-control algorithm</a><br>\n<a href=\"#presentation-of-results\">Presentation of results</a></p>\n<h2>Model verification</h2>\n<p><a href=\"#limit-states-and-crack-width-calculation\">Limit states, crack width calculation, and Tension stiffening</a></p>\n<h3>Structural verifications according to EUROCODE</h3>\n<p>- <a href=\"#material-models-en\">Material models (EN)</a><br>\n- <a href=\"#safety-factors\">Safety factors</a><br>\n- <a href=\"#ultimate-limit-state-analysis\">Ultimate limit state analysis</a><br>\n- <a href=\"#partially-loaded-areas\">Partially loaded areas (PLA)<br>\n</a>- <a href=\"#serviceability-limit-state-analysis\">Serviceability limit state analysis</a></p>\n<h3>Structural verifications according to ACI 318-19</h3>\n<p>- <a href=\"#material-models-aci\">Material models (ACI)</a><br>\n- <a href=\"#strength-reduction-and-load-factors\">Strength reduction and load factors</a><br>\n- <a href=\"#strength-verifications\">Strength verifications</a><br>\n- <a href=\"#bearing-and-anchorage-zones-partially-loaded-areas\">Bearing and anchorage zones - 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The serviceability analysis assumes that the behavior under factored loads is satisfactory, and the yield conditions of the material will not be reached at serviceability load levels. This approach enables the use of simplified constitutive models (with a linear branch of concrete stress-strain diagram) for serviceability analysis to enhance numerical stability and calculation speed.</p>\n<p>CSFM is in accordance with ACI 318-19, chapter 6.8.1.1. In order for the CSFM to meet the requirements from ACI 318-19 Section 6.8.1.2, a lot of verification testing was done at various universities. Individual articles summarizing the results of verification and validation can be found at the following link.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center-verifications?label=detail\">Verifications: Detail 2D</a></li>\n</ul>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n290d9d15_842c_016f_16ed_e82b056aedaa\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___material_models__a\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n8db66791_e455_015f_0225_68cb060469a3\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___factors___aci\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n5518b5db_9a75_0114_3040_d88e8b8b7a97\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___strength_analysis_\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n6f82b2c2_dd71_0110_ff39_352e28b1afb8\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___bearing_and_anchor\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n9a0db098_ea3e_012f_f7c6_b8b8582f3e9a\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___serviceability_ver\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>Structural verifications according to Australian standard AS 3600 (2018)</h1>\n<p>Assessment of the structure using the CSFM is performed by two different analyses: one for serviceability, and one for strength load combinations. The serviceability analysis assumes that the behavior under factored loads is satisfactory, and the yield conditions of the material will not be reached at serviceability load levels. This approach enables the use of simplified constitutive models (with a linear branch of concrete stress-strain diagram) for serviceability analysis to enhance numerical stability and calculation speed.</p>\n<p>The CSFM is a structural analysis method that satisfies the general rules in Chapters 6.1.1 and 6.1.2 and is defined as (f) non-linear stress analysis in Chapter 6.1.3 - further in Chapter 6.6. </p>\n<p>The analysis by CSFM takes into account all relevant non-linear and inelastic effects (except shrinkage) defined in 6.6.3. </p>\n<p>In order to satisfy the requirements in Sections 6.6.4 and 6.6.5 - more can be found in AS3600:2018 Sup 1:2022 Section C6.6 - verification and validations of the method were done at various universities. Individual articles summarizing the results of verification and validation can be found at the following link.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center-verifications?label=detail\">Verifications: Detail 2D</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Since IDEA StatiCa Detail is a practical design program, factored characteristic compressive cylinder strength at 28 days <em>f'</em><em><sub>c</sub></em> is used for calculations, as is described in the next chapter.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n93622323_5a16_0121_3cab_de1e1f0fd677\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___material_models__a_b7035a6\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n126c047e_65e6_0169_94ce_c74e41c5ca7c\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___stress_reduction_a\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"abcd9332_ed6f_0156_c6e9_2b18784bffe3\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___strength_analysis__8bc3bfe\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"ff7c0163_1239_012b_43da_91da8d3dfbcd\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"theoretical_background_detail___serviceability_ver_77b5f2c\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>Prestressing - model description</h1>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"c1b068bd_e046_0151_e774_bd083e4cceca\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"prestressing_in_detail___model_description__body_\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"e7385921_c260_01af_098b_dcd12e427a3a\"></object>\n<h1><br></h1>\n<h1>References</h1>\n<p>ACI Committee 318. 2019. <em>Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-19) and Commentary</em>. Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Alvarez, Manuel. 1998. <em>Einfluss des Verbundverhaltens auf das Verformungsvermögen von Stahlbeton</em>. IBK Bericht 236. Basel: Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion, ETH Zurich, Birkhäuser Verlag.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Beeby, A. W. 1979. “The Prediction of Crack Widths in Hardened Concrete.” <em>The Structural Engineer</em> 57A (1): 9–17.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Broms, Bengt B. 1965. “Crack Width and Crack Spacing In Reinforced Concrete Members.” <em>ACI Journal Proceedings</em> 62 (10): 1237–56. https://doi.org/10.14359/7742.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Burns, C.. 2012. “Serviceability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Members Based on the Tension Chord Model.” IBK Report Nr. 342, Zurich, Switzerland: ETH Zurich.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Crisfield, M. A. 1997. <em>Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Structures</em>. Wiley.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>European Committee for Standardization (CEN). 2015. <em>1 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings</em>. Brussels: CEN, 2005.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Fernández Ruiz, M., and A. Muttoni. 2007. “On Development of Suitable Stress Fields for Structural Concrete.” <em>ACI Structural Journal</em> 104 (4): 495–502.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Kaufmann, W., J. Mata-Falcón, M. Weber, T. Galkovski, D. Thong Tran, J. Kabelac, M. Konecny, J. Navratil, M. Cihal, and P. Komarkova. 2020. “<em>Compatible Stress Field Design Of Structural Concrete</em>. Berlin, Germany.”AZ Druck und Datentechnik GmbH, ISBN 978-3-906916-95-8.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Kaufmann, W., and P. Marti. 1998. “Structural Concrete: Cracked Membrane Model.” <em>Journal of Structural Engineering</em> 124 (12): 1467–75. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:12(1467).</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Kaufmann, W.. 1998. “Strength and Deformations of Structural Concrete Subjected to In-Plane Shear and Normal Forces.” Doctoral dissertation, Basel: Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion, ETH Zürich. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7612-4.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Konečný, M., J. Kabeláč, and J. Navrátil. 2017. <em>Use of Topology Optimization in Concrete Reinforcement Design</em>. 24. Czech Concrete Days (2017). ČBS ČSSI. https://resources.ideastatica.com/Content/06_Detail/Verification/Articles/Topology_optimization_US.pdf.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Marti, P. 1985. “Truss Models in Detailing.” <em>Concrete International</em> 7 (12): 66–73.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Marti, P. 2013. <em>Theory of Structures: Fundamentals, Framed Structures, Plates and Shells</em>. First edition. Berlin, Germany: Wiley Ernst & Sohn.</p>\n<p>http://sfx.ethz.ch/sfx_locater?sid=ALEPH:EBI01&genre=book&isbn=9783433029916.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Marti, P., M.Alvarez, W. Kaufmann, and V. Sigrist. 1998. “Tension Chord Model for Structural Concrete.” <em>Structural Engineering International</em> 8 (4): 287–298.</p>\n<p>https://doi.org/10.2749/101686698780488875.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Mata-Falcón, J. 2015. “Serviceability and Ultimate Behaviour of Dapped-End Beams (In Spanish: Estudio Del Comportamiento En Servicio y Rotura de Los Apoyos a Media Madera).” PhD thesis, Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Meier, H. 1983. “Berücksichtigung Des Wirklichkeitsnahen Werkstoffverhaltens Beim Standsicherheitsnachweis Turmartiger Stahlbetonbauwerke.” Institut für Massivbau, Universität Stuttgart.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Navrátil, J., P. Ševčík, L. Michalčík, P. Foltyn, and J. Kabeláč. 2017. <em>A Solution for Walls and Details of Concrete Structures</em>. 24. Czech Concrete Days.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Schlaich, J., K. Schäfer, and M. Jennewein. 1987a. “Toward a Consistent Design of Structural Concrete.” <em>PCI Journal</em> 32 (3): 74–150.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Standards Australia. 2018. <em>Concrete Structures (AS 3600:2018)</em>. Sydney, NSW: Standards Australia.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Standards Australia. 2022. <em>Concrete Structures – Commentary (Supplement 1 to AS 3600:2018)</em>. Sydney, NSW: Standards Australia.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Vecchio, F.J., and M.P. Collins. 1986. “The Modified Compression Field Theory for Reinforced Concrete Elements Subjected to Shear.” <em>ACI Journal</em> 83 (2): 219–31.</p>"
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"value": "<p>You will find out how to apply boundary conditions in the application IDEA StatiCa Detail which uses the <a data-item-id=\"86ad7678-0f7f-452a-8e0d-376ea5797b27\" href=\"\">CSFM (Compatible stress field method)</a>. There are five types of supports, let's find out what are they for.</p>\n<h2>Supports in IDEA StatiCa Detail</h2>\n<h4>Point Distributed Support</h4>\n<p>The first type of support is <strong>point distributed support</strong> which is defined on the edge or within an area of the model where the reaction is distributed. Due to distribution, the stress is not concentrated at one point but distributed over an area. No abrupt changes of stress occur. This type of support is perfect where rotation is enabled, and the stress distribution is uniform under the support, especially <strong>elastomeric</strong> and <strong>pot bridge bearings</strong>. Check out the functionality of <a data-item-id=\"bc5b5556-856a-4f0d-8f32-c4e2de75e237\" href=\"\">partially loaded areas</a> which is compatible only with point-distributed support.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\" data-image-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/76438042-0256-4eee-b9c3-96cc482f48ad/Point%20distributed%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\" data-image-id=\"8b1b6d29-5bae-44ec-992e-cef457d6e920\" alt=\"Point distributed support\"></figure>\n<h4>Bearing Plate Support</h4>\n<p>The second type of support is called <strong>bearing plate support</strong>. A point reaction is transferred to the model via a steel plate where the plate is not checked, and it serves as a reaction transfer device. The steel plate prevents the occurrence of cracks in concrete and deforms. The dimensions of the plate may affect the results significantly. This kind of support is perfect for structures where a real steel plate is, such as <strong>roller bridge bearing</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\" data-image-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d5dca6f7-506e-49ea-9248-00bd2856aa32/Bearing%20plate%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\" data-image-id=\"b685fe3c-ec08-4d5f-b2e1-415a3a23b3c0\" alt=\"Bearing plate support\"></figure>\n<h4>Line Support</h4>\n<p>The third type of support, which can be considered as universal or more general than these two previous ones, is called <strong>line support</strong>. It acts as a <strong>group of spring supports within a defined length</strong> on the edge or area of the model. Spring stiffness is either default (corresponding to the structure stiffness above the support) or defined by the user. There is a possibility of modeling non-linear support acting in compression only. This kind of support is perfect for any support which does not fit to assumptions of the first two supports (point distributed, bearing plate), especially line supports and spring supports of the piles acting in compression only.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\" data-image-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/41b6a0e5-80c3-4712-bf5b-3fa1cc373c2c/Line%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\" data-image-id=\"377ec61e-0181-42d6-b807-8551ef18e856\" alt=\"Line support\"></figure>\n<h4>Hanging Support</h4>\n<p>The fourth type of support is the <strong>hanging support</strong>. The support applied at the hanging is converted, according to the rotation, to the supports acting in the axes of each hanging branch, applied at the point where the hanging branches enter the concrete. The part of the hanging protruding from the concrete is not checked. The utilization of such support is quite obvious – precast concrete <strong>lifting anchor system</strong>, especially the site operational loop made from reinforcing steel. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\" data-image-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d68c0c7a-0f69-467d-b9bc-52e66cfa8c7c/Hanging%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\" data-image-id=\"22af22f4-8657-4453-9e4a-866083d1532b\" alt=\"Hanging support\"></figure>\n<h4>Patch Support</h4>\n<p>The fifth type of support in IDEA StatiCa Detail is <strong>patch support</strong>. It is a point support with a specific area through which the reaction is transferred to the model. The reaction is applied directly to reinforcement, explicitly specified (otherwise, it is applied to a concrete). The utilization of such support is quite obvious – <strong>precast concrete lifting anchor system</strong>, especially steel plate welded to reinforcement, basically all kinds of lifting anchor systems fastened (welded) to reinforcement or supported the anchor against it. Another use of this support is the modeling of the bearing of the ledge beam (indirect support system).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\" data-image-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f6e72c10-0612-4ceb-b2fb-98d198e75fd1/Patch%20support%20%28CSFM%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\" data-image-id=\"6e2f43a4-8c61-4552-a93e-8d8cb24ccb1e\" alt=\"Patch support\"></figure>\n<p><strong>For a more demonstrative explanation, check the webinar, where all the types of support are explained one by one:</strong></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"cdd07ef9_c42d_01a5_1459_805b95cfbe50\"></object>\n<h2> Tip for advanced users</h2>\n<p>In the previous article, we covered the basic types of supports applicable in IDEA StatiCa Detail. However, it may happen that for specific structures, these basic types are not sufficient.</p>\n<p>We have prepared an article focusing on specific, more advanced topics relevant to anchors, bridge bearings, etc.: <a data-item-id=\"1d52ff19-b6b3-5290-905a-178825f7cdc1\" href=\"\">Supports in IDEA StatiCa Detail - Advanced Topics</a></p>"
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"value": "<p><strong>Compatible Stress Field Method </strong>(CSFM) is an innovative method implemented in IDEA StatiCa Concrete used for the design of reinforced concrete structures. Let’s take a look behind the scenes of our software and see for yourselves that there is no need to be afraid of using CSFM calculations in your projects. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\" data-image-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7fd8d041-20d1-40a8-9a71-eb9cdce27155/7.png\" data-asset-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\" data-image-id=\"a7b3dcf1-10ed-4b44-99e3-f59b4bd2a7fe\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Fig: a) Wall with openings b) Shear wall c) Beam with dapped ends and openings d) Bridge pier e) Bridge diaphragm </em></p>\n<p>See the <strong>introduction video about CSFM and IDEA StatiCa Detail</strong>:</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n9cf4be9e_1a16_013b_08ac_786b868df709\"></object>\n<p>CSFM offers much more than just ULS checks. The advanced state of the method is based on <strong>modified compression field theory</strong>, implementation of <strong>tension stiffening</strong>, and distinguishing between stabilized or non-stabilized cracking; hence we <strong>perform SLS checks</strong> of the concrete member. Thus, we can observe <strong>crack width</strong>, <strong>deformation</strong>, and <strong>stresses</strong> corresponding to SLS combinations.</p>\n<p>Watch the recording of a webinar where the theory behind the CSFM was explained in detail. </p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n4a95bf6f_e0a2_0145_b0f4_e9fe78b96928\"></object>\n<p>If you are interested in the method itself, see some more resources:</p>\n<p><strong>Article summarizing the principles</strong> of the method: <a data-item-id=\"eaab962d-ba44-4ee0-8fa7-45193c9f52b5\" href=\"\">CSFM explained</a></p>\n<p><strong>Extensive theoretical background</strong> where you will find in detail the material methods used, how the model is built and meshed, and how the individual values are calculated: <a data-item-id=\"0000c94c-b603-48c4-8d31-bc56d7c95886\" href=\"\">Theoretical Background</a></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>The method (CSFM) is implemented in <a data-item-id=\"4d79cdf4-c6ee-47e8-b4f2-58f4281194bf\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Detail</a>.</p>\n<p><br></p>"
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"value": "<p>Il CSFM (<em>Compatible stress field method</em>), è un metodo per progettare e verificare i dettagli in calcestruzzo (come mensole, teste di pali, travi con aperture, estremità scassate, ecc. I dettagli possono essere creati passo dopo passo utilizzando le entità o possono essere importati da un riferimento DXF, e il modello viene automaticamente trasferito al modello di analisi dal CSFM. I risultati, in base al codice, sono forniti.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9739b6d6-2cbc-4745-a590-4a85f7e1862f\" data-image-id=\"9739b6d6-2cbc-4745-a590-4a85f7e1862f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/dc56c80f-67f3-481d-a2c8-26dacc258bb2/csfm%20explained%20%281%29.png\" data-asset-id=\"9739b6d6-2cbc-4745-a590-4a85f7e1862f\" data-image-id=\"9739b6d6-2cbc-4745-a590-4a85f7e1862f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Il metodo è <strong>riassunto</strong> brevemente e tutti i <strong>principi essenziali</strong> sono spiegati nell'articolo seguente. Si troverà anche un confronto con il metodo dei puntoni e dei legami e con il metodo dei campi di sollecitazione e come si relazionano tra loro.</p>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"eaab962d-ba44-4ee0-8fa7-45193c9f52b5\" href=\"\">Spiegazioni sul CSFM</a></p>\n<p>Per ottenere informazioni complete e teoria, puoi scegliere una delle seguenti fonti:</p>\n<p>1. <strong>Lezione online</strong> del Prof. Kaufmann dell'ETH:</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n1543fee3_6abc_011a_43f1_669ba3c2182a\"></object>\n<p>2. Il <strong>background teorico</strong> scritto dal nostro team:</p>\n<p>Per saperne di più sulla CSFM, consultate il nostro <a data-item-id=\"0000c94c-b603-48c4-8d31-bc56d7c95886\" href=\"\">Background teorico</a>.</p>\n<p>Se vuoi vedere l'<strong>uso pratico</strong>, vai su <a data-item-id=\"ebaacf5d-a42f-4212-8530-4a798a6bffe0\" href=\"\">Casi di studio</a> o <a data-item-id=\"6960cf43-a5d3-4169-8fd0-59b3574b7a36\" href=\"\">Progetti campione</a>, dove potete scaricare i modelli e vedere voi stessi quali risultati può offrirvi <a data-item-id=\"4d79cdf4-c6ee-47e8-b4f2-58f4281194bf\" href=\"\">IDEA Statica Detail</a>.</p>"
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"value": "<p>Questa pubblicazione presenta i principi e la validazione del <strong>Compatible Stress Field Method (CSFM)</strong>.</p>\n<p>Questo nuovo metodo può essere utilizzato per la progettazione e la valutazione di qualsiasi struttura in calcestruzzo soggetta a carichi in piano ed è particolarmente adatto per il dimensionamento di \"regioni di discontinuità\", come mensole, travi profonde, pareti con aperture, estremità di travi tagliate e angoli del telaio. Il CSFM rappresenta un significativo passo avanti per la pratica dell'ingegneria strutturale, in quanto consente di verificare efficacemente tutte le disposizioni del codice di progettazione, compresi gli aspetti di funzionalità, carico-deformazione e capacità di deformazione, anche per le membrature in calcestruzzo con geometria complessa. Il metodo si basa sull'analisi agli elementi finiti e utilizza solo i parametri di base dei materiali impiegati nella progettazione standard del calcestruzzo strutturale.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"428fd7cc-55be-430b-b478-a32e674105be\" data-image-id=\"428fd7cc-55be-430b-b478-a32e674105be\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bb6950c3-dc66-45e5-b3fe-43dfe57f7918/CSFM%20-%20design%20tools.png\" data-asset-id=\"428fd7cc-55be-430b-b478-a32e674105be\" data-image-id=\"428fd7cc-55be-430b-b478-a32e674105be\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Vengono presentati e discussi i risultati del CSFM per una serie di esempi di verifica, durante i quali viene trattata anche l'influenza dei parametri principali del metodo e dei modelli sottostanti. I risultati sono confrontati con un'ampia gamma di soluzioni analitiche, disposizioni del codice di progettazione e risultati sperimentali, e mostrano un buon accordo con tutti.</p>\n<h4>Ascolta l'autore mentre parla del metodo CSFM</h4>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"untitled_content_item_eb331e6\"></object>\n<h2>Team di autori</h2>\n<p>Prof. Dr. Walter Kaufmann, Dr. Jaime Mata-Falcón, Dr. Marius Weber, Tena Galkovski, Duc Thong Tran, Dr. Jaromir Kabelac, Michael Konecny, Ass. Prof. Dr. Jaroslav Navratil, Michal Cihal, Petra Komarkova</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9b1c8f09-47f6-4693-b6bd-48dbb34c3d20\" data-image-id=\"9b1c8f09-47f6-4693-b6bd-48dbb34c3d20\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5ffb9625-f94e-4eba-a2b6-d721f8399241/ETH%20Zurich%20logo.png\" data-asset-id=\"9b1c8f09-47f6-4693-b6bd-48dbb34c3d20\" data-image-id=\"9b1c8f09-47f6-4693-b6bd-48dbb34c3d20\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Politecnico di Zurigo, Istituto di ingegneria strutturale</em></p>\n<h2>Informazioni sul Prof. Dr. Walter Kaufmann</h2>\n<p>Walter Kaufmann è titolare della cattedra di Ingegneria strutturale (strutture in calcestruzzo e progettazione di ponti) presso il Politecnico di Zurigo. È presidente della Commissione svizzera per il codice del calcestruzzo ed è ricercatore principale presso il Centro nazionale svizzero di competenza per la ricerca (NCCR) sulla fabbricazione digitale. La sua ricerca si concentra sulle strutture innovative, sulla capacità di carico e di deformazione delle strutture in calcestruzzo, sulla valutazione della sicurezza strutturale delle strutture esistenti e sui metodi di fabbricazione digitale.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"478e3e10-7415-41cb-9eaf-525455c49df7\" data-image-id=\"478e3e10-7415-41cb-9eaf-525455c49df7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f9a70452-c086-43c1-a82b-8b12de808aa8/Kaufmann_Passfoto_small.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"478e3e10-7415-41cb-9eaf-525455c49df7\" data-image-id=\"478e3e10-7415-41cb-9eaf-525455c49df7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Si è laureato al Politecnico di Zurigo nel 1992 (dipl. Bau-Ing.) e nel 1998 (Dr. sc. techn.). Prima di entrare al Politecnico di Zurigo nel 2014, è stato attivo nell'industria per oltre 15 anni, lavorando principalmente in Spagna e Svizzera. In questo periodo ha diretto numerosi progetti di ingegneria strutturale per edifici e ponti, ha partecipato con successo a molti concorsi di progettazione di ponti ed è stato coinvolto in un gran numero di perizie.</p>\n<h2>Fonte</h2>\n<p>KAUFMANN, Walter, et al.<br>\n<em>Progettazione compatibile del campo di sollecitazione del calcestruzzo strutturale</em><br>\nETH Zurigo, 2020<br>\nISBN 978-3-906916-95-8 stampa<br>\n158 pagine</p>\n<h2>Acquista l'ebook online</h2>\n<p><a href=\"https://payhip.com/b/DP6N\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Acquista la versione ebook (PDF) online su Payhip</strong></a><strong>.</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Prezzo: 60 EUR + IVA</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Studenti: 18 EUR + IVA (</strong><a data-item-id=\"80574849-cb65-4360-a14b-06b69684c0cb\" href=\"\"><strong>contattateci</strong></a><strong> per un buono sconto del 70%)</strong></p>\n<h2>Contenuto del libro</h2>\n<p>Qui potete vedere l'<a data-asset-id=\"1e766820-377b-44bf-9161-1a38f8ebbc10\" href=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4969f485-61b0-48fe-8d7a-3cc76b1fd85d/table%20of%20contents.pdf\">indice dei contenuti</a> che mostra la gamma di esempi testati. Tutti i risultati mostrano una correlazione molto stretta con i dati confrontati.</p>"
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"value": "<p>Release 20.1 brings a new application for Concrete design - Concrete Member BETA. Model, reinforce, and code-check a critical concrete member in minutes. </p>\n<h2>Geometry</h2>\n<p>Thanks to our new application, the user can easily design and assess spatial reinforced concrete structures consisted of 1-D elements, <strong>beams</strong> and <strong>columns</strong>. In the future, it will be possible to analyze structural 3-D members of any topology.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d1af910f-dd63-4e10-a160-680ff55b49a6\" data-image-id=\"d1af910f-dd63-4e10-a160-680ff55b49a6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c0124ac5-cca4-4c47-a02d-376dd381631a/Geometry.png\" data-asset-id=\"d1af910f-dd63-4e10-a160-680ff55b49a6\" data-image-id=\"d1af910f-dd63-4e10-a160-680ff55b49a6\" alt=\"Geometry of concrete member\"></figure>\n<h2>Load</h2>\n<p>The load can be applied in the direction of any member axis via the line load. Endpoints of related members can be subjected to point forces (and moments) that represent nodal forces obtained from global analysis.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b9f3b0d7-f70c-444e-a7d0-15beb1cca1cc\" data-image-id=\"b9f3b0d7-f70c-444e-a7d0-15beb1cca1cc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b7dd3740-550b-4ac9-b959-204d964e5125/loads.png\" data-asset-id=\"b9f3b0d7-f70c-444e-a7d0-15beb1cca1cc\" data-image-id=\"b9f3b0d7-f70c-444e-a7d0-15beb1cca1cc\" alt=\"Line load on concrete member\"></figure>\n<h2>Reinforcement</h2>\n<p>Using our well-known dialog, the user can design longitudinal reinforcement and stirrups in each member. The predefined templates can speed up the whole process of reinforcement design. Every group of longitudinal reinforcement, as well as stirrups, can be easily edited in the Property window. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"efb2f9f7-ed60-4132-b0f6-3ae453d5f6eb\" data-image-id=\"efb2f9f7-ed60-4132-b0f6-3ae453d5f6eb\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/050aeadb-b26a-493f-b420-d4e379e08a4c/Reinforcement%20editor.png\" data-asset-id=\"efb2f9f7-ed60-4132-b0f6-3ae453d5f6eb\" data-image-id=\"efb2f9f7-ed60-4132-b0f6-3ae453d5f6eb\" alt=\"Reinforcement editor in concrete member\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>You can define several reinforcement zones along the length of the member and create a complicated reinforcement layout including <strong>various spacing of the stirrups</strong> and <strong>longitudinal reinforcing bars lengths</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5f1641eb-3368-44c5-8c6b-d169a502e69a\" data-image-id=\"5f1641eb-3368-44c5-8c6b-d169a502e69a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/da0294c2-e1c9-49f1-93cb-efc1c6a249af/reinforcement.png\" data-asset-id=\"5f1641eb-3368-44c5-8c6b-d169a502e69a\" data-image-id=\"5f1641eb-3368-44c5-8c6b-d169a502e69a\" alt=\"reinforcement layout\"></figure>\n<h2>Analysis </h2>\n<p>Several different analysis types will be available for one structural model. Currently, only <strong>Linear analysis</strong> can be performed, but other types of analysis will be implemented in the following releases. </p>\n<p>Four types of analyses will be available to analyze concrete members. Now, a <strong>linear analysis</strong> can be run in Concrete Member Beta, the other three types of analyses are in development or in the stage of their final tunning. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ef02ea2f-eb2c-407c-8792-3389c290973a\" data-image-id=\"ef02ea2f-eb2c-407c-8792-3389c290973a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/8d0fb810-fec0-4e46-bcdf-d1717695093c/analysis.png\" data-asset-id=\"ef02ea2f-eb2c-407c-8792-3389c290973a\" data-image-id=\"ef02ea2f-eb2c-407c-8792-3389c290973a\" alt=\"four analysis in IDEA StatiCA: linear analysis, GMNA, CSFM 2D, CSFM 3D\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<ul>\n <li>Linear analysis (LA): implemented in Concrete Member Beta</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b4dcc2b5-67ee-4eea-af28-d6ae214ff1c7\" data-image-id=\"b4dcc2b5-67ee-4eea-af28-d6ae214ff1c7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d312cd32-5d17-47c9-8ca2-9a7ace46a38b/linear%20analysis.png\" data-asset-id=\"b4dcc2b5-67ee-4eea-af28-d6ae214ff1c7\" data-image-id=\"b4dcc2b5-67ee-4eea-af28-d6ae214ff1c7\" alt=\"linear analysis in concrete member\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<ul>\n <li>Geometrically and materially non-linear analysis, including thermal analysis (GMNA): in development</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1df6bc15-e233-4ff9-8381-65342c2eb4c6\" data-image-id=\"1df6bc15-e233-4ff9-8381-65342c2eb4c6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/69989318-5ed5-4f91-9ce5-a535f0e94857/GMNA.png\" data-asset-id=\"1df6bc15-e233-4ff9-8381-65342c2eb4c6\" data-image-id=\"1df6bc15-e233-4ff9-8381-65342c2eb4c6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<ul>\n <li>Compatible stress field method 2D (CSFM 2D): developed/improving (CSFM is available in IDEA StatiCa Detail)</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bce6d4bc-f477-4a5c-a494-9a11b23430aa\" data-image-id=\"bce6d4bc-f477-4a5c-a494-9a11b23430aa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/fafdfe0b-ef04-4243-9ee9-b0fba3f4f4a5/CSFM2D.png\" data-asset-id=\"bce6d4bc-f477-4a5c-a494-9a11b23430aa\" data-image-id=\"bce6d4bc-f477-4a5c-a494-9a11b23430aa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<ul>\n <li>Compatible stress field method 3D (CSFM 3D): in development</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"719adb70-3ab9-4e1d-9943-af558f4cf2e4\" data-image-id=\"719adb70-3ab9-4e1d-9943-af558f4cf2e4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/fb1739f5-67b0-44d8-ad91-35bb500dc05e/CSFM3D.png\" data-asset-id=\"719adb70-3ab9-4e1d-9943-af558f4cf2e4\" data-image-id=\"719adb70-3ab9-4e1d-9943-af558f4cf2e4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<h2>Section check </h2>\n<p>After linear analysis, the user can run a detailed section check using the application RCS, which automatically chooses the most utilized sections on analyzed members and assess them.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2bebe845-288a-45c4-ae7d-3cdd7938f72a\" data-image-id=\"2bebe845-288a-45c4-ae7d-3cdd7938f72a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/dbb35596-824d-42bc-9b77-7dcd0e4af5bf/section%20check.png\" data-asset-id=\"2bebe845-288a-45c4-ae7d-3cdd7938f72a\" data-image-id=\"2bebe845-288a-45c4-ae7d-3cdd7938f72a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Available in <strong>Expert </strong>and <strong>Enhanced </strong>edition.</p>"
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"value": "<p>In previous releases when assessing concrete for fatigue, the stress in the concrete was calculated based on the parabolic-rectangular stress-strain diagram. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d84b3c7a-6423-4a75-b2c9-2e4d379fe8e0\" data-image-id=\"d84b3c7a-6423-4a75-b2c9-2e4d379fe8e0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a4f1cd63-d2be-475c-89c7-25c28ec4c038/Fatigue%2020.0.png\" data-asset-id=\"d84b3c7a-6423-4a75-b2c9-2e4d379fe8e0\" data-image-id=\"d84b3c7a-6423-4a75-b2c9-2e4d379fe8e0\" alt=\"Stress-strain diagram - fatigue check (older versions)\"></figure>\n<p>According to Eurocode the tensile strength of concrete shall be ignored and a linear stress-strain relationship for concrete under compression shall be used. Now for fatigue verification, we use the same stress-strain diagrams as in SLS checks, i.e., an unlimited linear stress-strain diagram.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"32217524-e130-4912-b4f2-9e8e51c78d27\" data-image-id=\"32217524-e130-4912-b4f2-9e8e51c78d27\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/047ec2bb-9b80-4621-bab2-da7a74488205/Fatigue%2020.1%20Beta.png\" data-asset-id=\"32217524-e130-4912-b4f2-9e8e51c78d27\" data-image-id=\"32217524-e130-4912-b4f2-9e8e51c78d27\" alt=\"Stress-strain diagram - fatigue check \"></figure>\n<p>For the concrete in compression, the mean value of Young's modulus of elasticity E<sub>cm </sub>is used.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0db3da6a-989b-4f6a-9b42-989b439d2b85\" data-image-id=\"0db3da6a-989b-4f6a-9b42-989b439d2b85\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/930ecc31-acf6-4caf-8e2d-d740f674b99b/Modulus%20of%20elasticity%20-%20fatigue%20check%20IDEA%20StatiCa.png\" data-asset-id=\"0db3da6a-989b-4f6a-9b42-989b439d2b85\" data-image-id=\"0db3da6a-989b-4f6a-9b42-989b439d2b85\" alt=\"\"></figure>"
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"value": "<p>Nonlinear creep calculation is turned on by ticking the \"Calculation of non-linear creep\" checkbox in Settings of <strong>Construction stages</strong> menu.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"34a3efb7-b048-4153-8ca9-6e97c2dd9200\" data-image-id=\"34a3efb7-b048-4153-8ca9-6e97c2dd9200\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/107ebf47-5293-4d55-b8e8-5ced28980afd/11_EN.png\" data-asset-id=\"34a3efb7-b048-4153-8ca9-6e97c2dd9200\" data-image-id=\"34a3efb7-b048-4153-8ca9-6e97c2dd9200\" alt=\"How to turn on the calculation of non-linear creep\"></figure>\n<p>The checks when non-linear creep is considered does not require the limit of 45 % of characteristic compressive strength (<em>f</em><sub>ck</sub>) for quasi-permanent combination and allow us to make an economic design. See EN 1992-1-1 art. 7.2 (3).</p>\n<p>The nonlinear creep is calculated according to the EN 1992-1-1 art. 3.1.4 (4).</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"take_idea_statica_24_0_for_a_test_drive_today\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>SLS checks in IDEA StatiCa automatically take into account the influence of the r<sub>inf</sub> and r<sub>sup</sub> coefficients defined in EN 1992-1-1; 5.10.9 (1) for prestressing effects. Therefore, it is not necessary to consider these effects in combination factors in the Beam application or in 3rd party software used for import.</p>\n<p>In the following figure, you can see the results in the RCS application where the supremum and infimum effects are marked.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b91d541b-f653-4e87-af5d-77164eb6543f\" data-image-id=\"b91d541b-f653-4e87-af5d-77164eb6543f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/eb0c3702-c267-4588-ab38-09b070afeb35/Rinf%20Rsup_03.png\" data-asset-id=\"b91d541b-f653-4e87-af5d-77164eb6543f\" data-image-id=\"b91d541b-f653-4e87-af5d-77164eb6543f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>So what will happen if we use the coefficients in combinations? Let's have a look at it.</p>\n<h2>Beam</h2>\n<p>The combination factor defined by the user for prestressing load case in the Beam application is considered just for presented diagrams of internal forces. The coefficient will not influence the stress in the tendons and the internal forces which go to the code-check (as shown above).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"067ee6e8-0449-47dc-8103-73a3ea27caa4\" data-image-id=\"067ee6e8-0449-47dc-8103-73a3ea27caa4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3a6de7a3-e9b2-4a32-b68c-a55d1dd8b0f5/Rinf%20Rsup_04.png\" data-asset-id=\"067ee6e8-0449-47dc-8103-73a3ea27caa4\" data-image-id=\"067ee6e8-0449-47dc-8103-73a3ea27caa4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>In other words, for code-check purposes, the effects of prestressing are defined by the area of the tendon and its initial stress. The combination factor for code checks is always equal to one.</p>\n<h2>BIM - import</h2>\n<p>In combinations of the global model, the coefficients of load cases containing prestress should be equal to 1.0. The coefficients <em>r</em><em><sub>sup</sub></em> and <em>r</em><em><sub>inf</sub></em> will be applied as described above.</p>\n<h2>How to influence the value of the coefficients?</h2>\n<p>The coefficients are defined by the code. You can influence the value by changing the national annexe or altering the value in Code and calculation settings in the RCS application. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9364513f-c31d-4cf0-be3a-46e635cb3faa\" data-image-id=\"9364513f-c31d-4cf0-be3a-46e635cb3faa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/cd6ac36b-e78e-4ecc-943e-33119ccbbb07/rsup%20rinf%20code.png\" data-asset-id=\"9364513f-c31d-4cf0-be3a-46e635cb3faa\" data-image-id=\"9364513f-c31d-4cf0-be3a-46e635cb3faa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Read more about code settings in <a data-item-id=\"4c296380-45bb-40ec-ac2f-2ce0a0d47c84\" href=\"\"><strong>Code and calculation settings in RCS</strong></a></li>\n</ul>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"take_idea_statica_24_0_for_a_test_drive_today\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>There are four tabs focused on SLS results in the application.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Overall results</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Stress Limitation</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Crack Width</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Detailing</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p>In the first tab, you can find a brief overview of the Overall results. You will see only the results of the analysis you selected using calculation control. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8b8a40c7-ad5e-4088-aa38-1615c9559c1c\" data-image-id=\"8b8a40c7-ad5e-4088-aa38-1615c9559c1c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/da6079fd-4c24-428a-b8df-b9d8331fb0f0/rcb_05_03_01.png\" data-asset-id=\"8b8a40c7-ad5e-4088-aa38-1615c9559c1c\" data-image-id=\"8b8a40c7-ad5e-4088-aa38-1615c9559c1c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The rest of the tabs are dedicated to individual checks. But before looking at them, we need to understand the assumptions of the calculation. Therefore please go through the article: <a data-item-id=\"6fcefe69-5439-4ac1-af76-f388fab9b968\" href=\"\">Calculation Assumptions for SLS</a>. With this knowledge, we can then continue and go through the individual results step by step.</p>\n<h2>Stress Limitation</h2>\n<p>First, there is Stress Limitation Check. This calculation provides a comparison of the calculated stress with limit values according to Eurocode. How specific values are obtained and what basic cases (in terms of stress limit) we solve, you can find in the article: <a data-item-id=\"27c146c7-45d0-47d3-b354-a8e4059db365\" href=\"\">Stress Limitation Check</a>. </p>\n<p>We'll explore how to work with the results and how to eventually influence them as soon as we've got some idea of the layout and display options. </p>\n<h4>Layout</h4>\n<p>Check to Top Ribbon, the part Setting is dedicated to Code and Project Data. It is the same for all the steps of the workflow. </p>\n<p>The following parts are already different. Notice the figure below, there are marked options for adjusting the graphical presentation of the result:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a0ff777a-fec0-4165-8f83-d3f70869cb80\" data-image-id=\"a0ff777a-fec0-4165-8f83-d3f70869cb80\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1f542c41-10ca-4661-b12e-b3f6b8ebebf6/rcb_050302.png\" data-asset-id=\"a0ff777a-fec0-4165-8f83-d3f70869cb80\" data-image-id=\"a0ff777a-fec0-4165-8f83-d3f70869cb80\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Options Description:</p>\n<ol>\n <li>Option to switch between 2D and 3D view. For the 2D view, we can decide if we want to see a rotated cross-section or the result inside/outside of the cross-section. </li>\n <li>The tab is used to switch off/on the strain diagram for the concrete and reinforcement section and its size adjustments.</li>\n <li>The tab is used to switch off/on the stress diagram for the concrete and reinforcement section and its size adjustments.</li>\n <li>The option to display extreme values of the diagrams, all or none.</li>\n <li>As next, we can modify the filling of the diagram.</li>\n <li>The following two buttons allow us to switch on/off dimension lines.</li>\n <li>The last part is dedicated to the cross-section. We have the option to display bar and fibres numbers and modify their position. We can also display Extreme bar and fibre.</li>\n</ol>\n<h4>Calculation</h4>\n<p>The rest buttons from the top ribbon are related to the calculation itself.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"33728ffb-b234-4560-aac0-b5b4a475e8d2\" data-image-id=\"33728ffb-b234-4560-aac0-b5b4a475e8d2\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/77d90fc7-bc8e-4bec-a13d-2683df29426f/rcb_050303.png\" data-asset-id=\"33728ffb-b234-4560-aac0-b5b4a475e8d2\" data-image-id=\"33728ffb-b234-4560-aac0-b5b4a475e8d2\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>For the stress limitation, we have 4 code checks, as mentioned at the beginning of the chapter. The first two checks, according to 7.2 (2) and 7.2 (3), are done for both cases: With or without the influence of the long-term effects (rheology of concrete). </p>\n<p>For the short-term effects, the modulus of elasticity <em>E</em><em><sub>cm</sub></em> is used. </p>\n<p>For the long-term effects, the effective modulus of elasticity <em>E</em><em><sub>c,eff</sub></em><em> = E</em><em><sub>cm</sub></em><em>/(1+φ)</em> is used. Where <em>φ</em> is the creep factor.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f6d89cc7-2655-4481-9694-2e4c14171cde\" data-image-id=\"f6d89cc7-2655-4481-9694-2e4c14171cde\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d32e0630-8ffc-4e4f-b9d9-7546acb55672/rcb_050304.png\" data-asset-id=\"f6d89cc7-2655-4481-9694-2e4c14171cde\" data-image-id=\"f6d89cc7-2655-4481-9694-2e4c14171cde\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The long-term effects are thus included in the creep.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"64772e5a-aac8-421b-ba6c-f7a363681409\" data-image-id=\"64772e5a-aac8-421b-ba6c-f7a363681409\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d3e1e0eb-519c-443d-a338-bd52bd9fbd82/rcb_050305.png\" data-asset-id=\"64772e5a-aac8-421b-ba6c-f7a363681409\" data-image-id=\"64772e5a-aac8-421b-ba6c-f7a363681409\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The creep factor can be Calculated by the software (default option) or can be set manually in <a data-item-id=\"953a0c24-4990-44c2-8f09-492e6a115342\" href=\"\">Design Member</a>. Please be aware that in the RCS, the linear calculation is used for the creep factor.</p>\n<p>The code-check is provided by a comparison of the calculated stress in the concrete and in reinforcement with limit values according to EN 1992-1-1 7.2. </p>\n<h4>Tip for advanced users</h4>\n<p>There is an option how to influence the results when the limit is exceeded for 7.2 (3). It is allowed to consider a higher value of the k<sub>2</sub> factor when the nonlinear calculation of the creep factor is considered. </p>\n<p>You can change the value of k<sub>2</sub> in the Code setting:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8d4b3031-c81b-49b6-8d6d-2c4b219daef5\" data-image-id=\"8d4b3031-c81b-49b6-8d6d-2c4b219daef5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/db9228cf-066d-4924-91bc-15a984a177d5/rcb_050307.png\" data-asset-id=\"8d4b3031-c81b-49b6-8d6d-2c4b219daef5\" data-image-id=\"8d4b3031-c81b-49b6-8d6d-2c4b219daef5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>But remember that it is necessary to determine the creep factor more precisely.</p>\n<p>Let's summarize the options we have:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>The creep coefficient is Calculated by software using linear calculation. Then factor k<sub>2</sub> = 0.45 (set by default) has to be used. </li>\n <li>The creep coefficient is set as User input. When considering the nonlinear creep, we can increase the factor to k<sub>2</sub> = 0.6.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Crack Width</h2>\n<p>If the concrete stress is higher than the concrete tensile strength, the section is considered as a cracked one. And the next code check from the SLS check is the crack width.</p>\n<p>See the <a data-item-id=\"5b51a310-2eed-4d41-aea8-3b1a41713f43\" href=\"\">Theoretical background - Cracks</a> for the theory, assumptions, and how the crack width calculation is implemented in RCS. </p>\n<p>For complete understanding, it is also recommended to read the following article: <a data-item-id=\"754996ca-bca4-4953-aac7-de7b6aa4598a\" href=\"\">Crack width check of cross-sections with a large concrete cover</a>.</p>\n<p>The code-check of the crack width is provided by comparing the calculated width w<sub>k</sub> with the width w<sub>lim</sub> according to 7.3.1 (5). </p>\n<p>Implemented limits can be found in the Code setting. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d5020bf7-1c0f-4299-875e-f39c3aa7666f\" data-image-id=\"d5020bf7-1c0f-4299-875e-f39c3aa7666f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a67cf91d-0968-43b2-b875-dd2aa3360b37/rcb_050308.png\" data-asset-id=\"d5020bf7-1c0f-4299-875e-f39c3aa7666f\" data-image-id=\"d5020bf7-1c0f-4299-875e-f39c3aa7666f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Detailing</h2>\n<p>Detailing is the last code-check from the SLS checks.</p>\n<p>The internal forces for which the check is made are listed at the beginning of the table.</p>\n<p>The following are the conditions of the check. All are taken from the Eurocode. The reference to the specific article is always given next to the title.</p>\n<p>This is followed by information on the values used in the calculation based on the input data.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a301b9df-d0db-44fa-b268-a014b56863a0\" data-image-id=\"a301b9df-d0db-44fa-b268-a014b56863a0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bdcb5153-0845-4965-a975-0cb9233994d5/rcb_050309.png\" data-asset-id=\"a301b9df-d0db-44fa-b268-a014b56863a0\" data-image-id=\"a301b9df-d0db-44fa-b268-a014b56863a0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Tip for advanced users</h4>\n<p>It may happen that in order to speed up the design, we enter into RCS the simplified scheme of the reinforcement. In this case, we recommend switching Detailing off in Calculation Control and checking it manually according to more detailed drawings.</p>"
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"value": "<p>There are five tabs for ULS results in the application.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Capacity N-M-M</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Shear</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Torsion</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Interaction</strong></li>\n <li><strong>Response N-M-M</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Before we go through them let's look at the Overall result where you can find all selected results (by using calculation control) with corresponding internal forces.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"82776974-6cef-4d9f-be99-eff926a2db1a\" data-image-id=\"82776974-6cef-4d9f-be99-eff926a2db1a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f76b5dbd-bb24-49d3-bb63-5048434a9fdd/RC-B_06_13.png\" data-asset-id=\"82776974-6cef-4d9f-be99-eff926a2db1a\" data-image-id=\"82776974-6cef-4d9f-be99-eff926a2db1a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Capacity N-M-M</h2>\n<p>The first tab is the Capacity N-M-M check. This type of calculation provides a check of the interaction between normal force and bending moments. If you want to know the theory behind it, read this article: <a data-item-id=\"fa1ccbb4-2aaf-4470-872c-01deea75f006\" href=\"\"><strong>Bending</strong></a>.</p>\n<p>As was written in the introduction. The article is focused on practical usage. So let's have a look at ways how to display this type of result. Listed below are three display settings that can be combined with each other.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Diagram type</strong>\n <ul>\n <li>Interaction sections </li>\n <li>ULS eccentricity</li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n <li><strong>Type of results</strong>\n <ul>\n <li>for Extreme</li>\n <li>for Section</li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n <li><strong>Evaluation of interaction diagram</strong>\n <ul>\n <li>NuMuMu</li>\n <li>NuMM</li>\n <li>NMuMu</li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8d74aef7-49c2-48aa-8541-ee7b7edf4b47\" data-image-id=\"8d74aef7-49c2-48aa-8541-ee7b7edf4b47\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f71d514f-396b-4f7d-945e-e169d695f8de/RC-B_06_14.png\" data-asset-id=\"8d74aef7-49c2-48aa-8541-ee7b7edf4b47\" data-image-id=\"8d74aef7-49c2-48aa-8541-ee7b7edf4b47\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Let's go over the options for combinations of display settings.</p>\n<h3>Interaction sections + Extreme</h3>\n<p>At first, we start with the <strong>Interaction sections</strong> displayed for the <strong>current extreme</strong>. In the toolbar Interaction surface section, you can display four sections of an interaction surface. </p>\n<ul>\n <li>My - Mz -> horizontal surface</li>\n <li>N - M resultant -> according to the current ratio between My and Mz</li>\n <li>N - My -> vertical surface on y-axis</li>\n <li>N - Mz -> vertical surface on z-axis</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"585e7199-f633-484b-848b-240ad3fc5b82\" data-image-id=\"585e7199-f633-484b-848b-240ad3fc5b82\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3b125f5b-ecf1-4694-a464-fd1fbc5efac8/RC-B_06_15.png\" data-asset-id=\"585e7199-f633-484b-848b-240ad3fc5b82\" data-image-id=\"585e7199-f633-484b-848b-240ad3fc5b82\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ab27f060-081b-4cf3-8303-26d57322e1ec\" data-image-id=\"ab27f060-081b-4cf3-8303-26d57322e1ec\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/645ea1b5-5d5a-4f25-8854-9a354d50549e/RC-B_06_16.png\" data-asset-id=\"ab27f060-081b-4cf3-8303-26d57322e1ec\" data-image-id=\"ab27f060-081b-4cf3-8303-26d57322e1ec\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>You can also decide if you want to see loads or the ultimate point in the diagram. It can be changed in the top ribbon in the Draw points toolbar.</p>\n<p>In the Grid of interaction surface sections toolbar, you can adjust the grid of the interaction diagrams.</p>\n<p>And the interaction diagrams can be also exported to the text file or to the spreadsheet. To do it use tools in the Interaction diagram export toolbar.</p>\n<h4>Evaluation of interaction diagram</h4>\n<p>There are three methods to evaluate interaction diagram. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"03bac79f-b627-4add-83e4-1f9f3e215d1f\" data-image-id=\"03bac79f-b627-4add-83e4-1f9f3e215d1f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/00b9e293-5541-4648-a2fb-eea67c94a21c/RC-B_06_17.png\" data-asset-id=\"03bac79f-b627-4add-83e4-1f9f3e215d1f\" data-image-id=\"03bac79f-b627-4add-83e4-1f9f3e215d1f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>NuMuMu</strong> - cross-sectional resistance is determined assuming a proportional change of all components of acting internal forces.</p>\n<p><strong>NuMM</strong> -<strong> </strong>cross-sectional resistance is determined assuming constant bending moments.</p>\n<p><strong>NMuMu</strong> - cross-sectional resistance is determined assuming constant normal force.</p>\n<h3>Interaction sections + Section</h3>\n<p>Secondly, we can display Interaction sections for more extremes. To do it simply change the Type of results in the top ribbon. You will then see all the extremes drawn to one (or more) interaction section. If the interaction sections differ for individual extremes, you can get the program to display them with different colours. It can be done in the top ribbon in the Colour settings toolbar. You can also limit the number of displayed diagrams in the Drawing settings toolbar.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f205a0b0-e1c9-48f4-b6dc-43c284d1660c\" data-image-id=\"f205a0b0-e1c9-48f4-b6dc-43c284d1660c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/72f58eef-689f-4538-88a7-2d6d67cdb827/RC-B_06_18.png\" data-asset-id=\"f205a0b0-e1c9-48f4-b6dc-43c284d1660c\" data-image-id=\"f205a0b0-e1c9-48f4-b6dc-43c284d1660c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>ULS eccentricity</h3>\n<p>Finally, you can display the diagram of an eccentricity of normal force depending on normal forces. It can be again displayed for Extreme or for Section. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"303a896d-a3e8-460f-af0b-f97a3c0f20e9\" data-image-id=\"303a896d-a3e8-460f-af0b-f97a3c0f20e9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/7e1b15ea-8e42-4245-853f-89af44ef9752/RC-B_06_19.png\" data-asset-id=\"303a896d-a3e8-460f-af0b-f97a3c0f20e9\" data-image-id=\"303a896d-a3e8-460f-af0b-f97a3c0f20e9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Shear</h2>\n<p>The second tab for ULS checks is the Shear. All of the calculations are done according to EN 1992-1-1 article 6.2. You can control the theta angle at the top ribbon. This angle governs the inclination between concrete struts and the beam axis perpendicular to the shear force. Or you can use the Strut optimization function, which can find the most effective angle automatically. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3a0f2815-204e-4763-9aa7-1e96dd08b6f7\" data-image-id=\"3a0f2815-204e-4763-9aa7-1e96dd08b6f7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e385fbfc-4c5d-45ec-a5b2-d1db90b2652e/RC-B_06_20.png\" data-asset-id=\"3a0f2815-204e-4763-9aa7-1e96dd08b6f7\" data-image-id=\"3a0f2815-204e-4763-9aa7-1e96dd08b6f7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>You can of course calculate the Shear capacity for both directions, but you have to be aware of the angle between the in-plane gradient of the strain plane and the resultant shear forces. The program can automatically calculate the effective depth of the cross-section <em>d</em>, inner lever arm <em>z</em>, and the effective width <em>b</em><em><sub>w</sub></em>, but if the angle exceeds 20 degrees, the values of effective depth and lever arm and consequently strength in shear could be affected. So it is recommended to set these values manually in the Reinforcement editor -> User settings -> Cross-section.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"92f75867-bd21-402b-accf-37ad06c8ec53\" data-image-id=\"92f75867-bd21-402b-accf-37ad06c8ec53\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2f641c22-813c-4c3a-ba44-3e6c9c5859cd/RC-B_06_21.png\" data-asset-id=\"92f75867-bd21-402b-accf-37ad06c8ec53\" data-image-id=\"92f75867-bd21-402b-accf-37ad06c8ec53\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Read the following article to know - <a data-item-id=\"20140238-707b-59c0-86f2-a824eaf6787a\" href=\"\"><strong>How to set the lever arm properly</strong></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>If you want to know what is behind read the following article: <a data-item-id=\"a42a6426-b702-4eba-b703-d55b11365bad\" href=\"\"><strong>Shear</strong></a>. In the <strong>Lever arm of internal forces</strong> chapter, you can find an explanation of why to set manually the values of effective depth and lever arm.</p>\n<p>Another important topic is the evaluation of the shear in circular sections. Read the following article to learn how IDEA StatiCa RCS can solve such an issue - <a data-item-id=\"6f90f137-b429-4f05-8c59-2f834c651a95\" href=\"\"><strong>Shear in RCS - circular cross-sections</strong></a></p>\n<h2>Torsion</h2>\n<p>The next tab for ULS checks is the Torsion. All of the calculations are done according to EN 1992-1-1 article 6.3. The theta angle is of course shared with the shear check and can be defined in the top ribbon as well as in the shear check. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"eff167ad-ad28-4bd1-b3b6-d83c43efc83f\" data-image-id=\"eff167ad-ad28-4bd1-b3b6-d83c43efc83f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e1e8b01d-c1cd-4cfc-bed1-f7170844acc9/RC-B_06_22.png\" data-asset-id=\"eff167ad-ad28-4bd1-b3b6-d83c43efc83f\" data-image-id=\"eff167ad-ad28-4bd1-b3b6-d83c43efc83f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The equivalent thin-walled section can be created automatically based on the selected stirrup. If the situation is simple as in the following figure, there is no problem.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"23e28d0b-1d85-4dba-b922-0d73373a0469\" data-image-id=\"23e28d0b-1d85-4dba-b922-0d73373a0469\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d209c3e4-6257-44c7-b948-a99c4be4ad43/RC-B_06_23.png\" data-asset-id=\"23e28d0b-1d85-4dba-b922-0d73373a0469\" data-image-id=\"23e28d0b-1d85-4dba-b922-0d73373a0469\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>But in the case of complicated cross-sections like box girder bridges or general shapes, where multiple stirrups are usually defined for torsion, the automatic creation of the equivalent thin-walled section is not enough. In that case, go to Reinforcement editor -> User settings -> Torsion and do the manual input.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f2e5585a-4978-4ec9-9761-1528048bebf2\" data-image-id=\"f2e5585a-4978-4ec9-9761-1528048bebf2\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1ef86159-2d5b-4d31-888c-2d1ba36aee30/RC-B_06_24.png\" data-asset-id=\"f2e5585a-4978-4ec9-9761-1528048bebf2\" data-image-id=\"f2e5585a-4978-4ec9-9761-1528048bebf2\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Again the theory behind the torsion calculation is described in the following article: <a data-item-id=\"0f49a9be-8632-4dc8-ad0d-c692a14ab752\" href=\"\"><strong>Torsion</strong></a>.</p>\n<h2>Interaction</h2>\n<p>The interaction between shear force and torsion can be calculated as well as the interaction between shear torsion and bending. You can check concrete, shear reinforcement and longitudinal reinforcement. All theory about interaction is described in the following article: <a data-item-id=\"1dd237d8-efd5-4460-9bb9-b72a65dbef5d\" href=\"\"><strong>Interaction</strong></a></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c0ab7116-0afc-419f-a2db-36b56104b85b\" data-image-id=\"c0ab7116-0afc-419f-a2db-36b56104b85b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b08ea329-0fbb-4e64-ae4a-f5f6e63ce810/RC-B_06_25.png\" data-asset-id=\"c0ab7116-0afc-419f-a2db-36b56104b85b\" data-image-id=\"c0ab7116-0afc-419f-a2db-36b56104b85b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>But the question is: Is it necessary to always check the interaction between all of the forces (V+T+M)? If not, where should I check what?</p>\n<p>You have to check N-M-M capacity everywhere of course. But what about shear? Follow article 6.2.3 (5) from EN 1992-1-1 where you can read that you don't have to always use the full value of the shear force to check the shear reinforcement.</p>\n<p>For longitudinal reinforcement above support, the entire interaction is not always necessary as well. To learn more read article 6.2.3 (7) from EN 1992-1-1. To exclude the additional tensile force in the longitudinal reinforcement due to shear go to Navigator -> Design member and turn on Limited interaction check.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"28f9456c-35b7-4a6b-b0e3-50c359134105\" data-image-id=\"28f9456c-35b7-4a6b-b0e3-50c359134105\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1027c071-381e-42db-b817-dc98e7a61394/RC-B_06_26.png\" data-asset-id=\"28f9456c-35b7-4a6b-b0e3-50c359134105\" data-image-id=\"28f9456c-35b7-4a6b-b0e3-50c359134105\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>After that, you still have to choose the combination for the limited interaction check. It can be done in Navigator -> Internal forces.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a94ae749-3f49-4ec6-9cc7-86bf7293afc0\" data-image-id=\"a94ae749-3f49-4ec6-9cc7-86bf7293afc0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/68271571-4736-44cf-a975-0dd0667c75b4/RC-B_06_27.png\" data-asset-id=\"a94ae749-3f49-4ec6-9cc7-86bf7293afc0\" data-image-id=\"a94ae749-3f49-4ec6-9cc7-86bf7293afc0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Read the following article where you can find how <strong>the longitudinal force caused by shear and torsion is applied to the cross-section</strong>.</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"808008d4-d25a-403f-a4cd-ed61e1c71203\" href=\"\"><strong>Interaction code-check improvements </strong></a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Response N-M-M</h2>\n<p>This type of calculation can find the response of the cross-section when the load is applied. The results (stress and strain) are then compared with the limits determined by the ultimate limit strain method.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f28107d1-1db9-4d8b-bcff-a7264b14f7ca\" data-image-id=\"f28107d1-1db9-4d8b-bcff-a7264b14f7ca\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/78d7ee2e-4f85-4e97-9a7f-bc8474c6dc07/RC-B_06_30.png\" data-asset-id=\"f28107d1-1db9-4d8b-bcff-a7264b14f7ca\" data-image-id=\"f28107d1-1db9-4d8b-bcff-a7264b14f7ca\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>There are four different options for displaying results. Note that they are the same for Interaction.</p>\n<ul>\n <li>2D</li>\n <li>3D</li>\n <li>3D forces</li>\n <li>Diagram</li>\n</ul>\n<p>You can switch between them on the top ribbon. In the previous figure, the 2D displaying option was shown. If the option is selected, you can display a rotated cross-section or rotated results. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c90ca42a-794d-46e4-b3c5-c48f99130824\" data-image-id=\"c90ca42a-794d-46e4-b3c5-c48f99130824\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/cda2413a-36ac-4e5a-846a-0ad673e0fa6f/RC-B_06_31.png\" data-asset-id=\"c90ca42a-794d-46e4-b3c5-c48f99130824\" data-image-id=\"c90ca42a-794d-46e4-b3c5-c48f99130824\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>In the figure, the results were outside of the cross-section. If you need, the results can be also shown inside the section.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d4f9f758-aa7d-44ac-a59a-06d159d657d1\" data-image-id=\"d4f9f758-aa7d-44ac-a59a-06d159d657d1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/edadacea-aa94-4c88-9043-7a7550e781dc/RC-B_06_32.png\" data-asset-id=\"d4f9f758-aa7d-44ac-a59a-06d159d657d1\" data-image-id=\"d4f9f758-aa7d-44ac-a59a-06d159d657d1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>For the 2D view, you can turn off / on strain and stress in concrete and reinforcement, adjust the labels, modify the results graph, add dimension lines, and bar numbers, and display extreme fibre or extreme bar. All of these view settings are available in the top ribbon in the different toolbars.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7072c791-55a4-481c-a885-b3af83e623e4\" data-image-id=\"7072c791-55a4-481c-a885-b3af83e623e4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c743d7b7-7ff7-4495-8e0e-6da2391cc06b/RC-B_06_33.png\" data-asset-id=\"7072c791-55a4-481c-a885-b3af83e623e4\" data-image-id=\"7072c791-55a4-481c-a885-b3af83e623e4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The 3D view is shown below. It can help you to understand the results of the cross-section affected by both bending moments <em>M</em><em><sub>y</sub></em> and <em>M</em><em><sub>z</sub></em>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6de19521-3ac8-4311-8d24-2d8fee7c1ee3\" data-image-id=\"6de19521-3ac8-4311-8d24-2d8fee7c1ee3\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/54c0b813-e8de-4163-9107-bc14609a9d9f/RC-B_06_34.png\" data-asset-id=\"6de19521-3ac8-4311-8d24-2d8fee7c1ee3\" data-image-id=\"6de19521-3ac8-4311-8d24-2d8fee7c1ee3\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>In 3D forces view, you can display the resultant forces for concrete in compression and reinforcement under the tension as well as under the compression. The normal force on eccentricity is also shown.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2245bebb-6e76-4ef2-9d60-8b0eae001a33\" data-image-id=\"2245bebb-6e76-4ef2-9d60-8b0eae001a33\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ba9eb04f-df21-45ba-ad5c-bcafeb46e5ca/RC-B_06_35.png\" data-asset-id=\"2245bebb-6e76-4ef2-9d60-8b0eae001a33\" data-image-id=\"2245bebb-6e76-4ef2-9d60-8b0eae001a33\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The last type of view is the Diagram. Here you can display the stress-strain diagram for each reinforcement bar and for each fibre in concrete.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8ef5bfcf-e8a5-4b8d-b1c7-19fa98a641a4\" data-image-id=\"8ef5bfcf-e8a5-4b8d-b1c7-19fa98a641a4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/803f3516-d85b-4c1e-836e-ad258c0d8bed/RC-B_06_36.png\" data-asset-id=\"8ef5bfcf-e8a5-4b8d-b1c7-19fa98a641a4\" data-image-id=\"8ef5bfcf-e8a5-4b8d-b1c7-19fa98a641a4\" alt=\"\"></figure>"
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"value": "<p>La nuova versione 21.0 di IDEA StatiCa aspira a semplificare ulteriormente il processo di progettazione ingegneristica. Abbiamo migliorato il modello analitico per ottenere risultati più precisi. Stiamo velocizzando i progetti regolando la posizione delle membrature l'una rispetto all'altra. Gli ingegneri possono ora ridurre i tempi di definizione delle connessioni semplici e moderate perché IDEA StatiCa le proporrà automaticamente - una nuova funzione di proposta di progetto. Le note di rilascio 21 descrivono anche i principali aggiornamenti AISC con spiegazioni e suggerimenti.</p>\n<p>La nuova versione 21.0 di IDEA StatiCa porta con sé un'altra serie di miglioramenti in Concrete per la comunità degli ingegneri. A partire dall'applicazione IDEA StatiCa Member, che è stata verificata a fondo ed è uscita dalla BETA, accompagnata da una serie di miglioramenti all'applicazione RCS, come la resistenza al fuoco, o all'applicazione Detail, dove l'attenzione principale è stata rivolta al solutore CSFM. Tutto questo aiuta la nostra applicazione a fornire calcoli più veloci, migliorando al contempo la stabilità e l'affidabilità.</p>\n<p>Calcolate le stime di ieri!</p>\n<h2>Novità per l'acciaio</h2>\n<h3>Solutore CBFEM aggiornato</h3>\n<ul>\n <li>Tempi di calcolo del 30% più veloci</li>\n <li>Modellazione più accurata delle connessioni a sezione cava</li>\n <li>Una nuova serie di verifiche e linee guida per interpretare i risultati tra le varie versioni</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"521c376f-96f7-4217-b0ee-29cc1d404d34\" href=\"\">Per saperne di più</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3>Miglioramenti nella progettazione delle connessioni</h3>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"ee6229e8-74a9-4d81-8885-1cff547e4ead\" href=\"\">Opzioni di modellazione dell'acciaio superiore; posizione relativa degli elementi</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"b520bdb9-5eed-4c7c-8a85-c55747fe7d62\" href=\"\">Analisi di fatica: sollecitazione nominale</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"78b4dbf9-2460-4648-91a2-a44c54525c78\" href=\"\">Aggiornamento della conformità al codice AISC, nuovi modelli di connessione sismica</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"3ae00502-96d0-4d71-9d9e-89026f33e885\" href=\"\">Selezione automatica dei modelli di connessione</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"b1458c26-712b-4e35-a825-43f7991e6308\" href=\"\">Capacità rotazionale limitata dal cedimento di bulloni e saldature</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"70ea715a-9e1e-4832-b615-777d72cb930f\" href=\"\">Risultati a semaforo per le forze nei bulloni</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"10388a66-2e50-4cf3-86bf-8fd0ddab836f\" href=\"\">Formule di ancoraggio estese; specifiche per lo standard russo</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"6ba36654-fe5a-4422-bd7a-0d62abcf2833\" href=\"\">Formule di ancoraggio, tooltip</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3>Selezione massiva con il Viewer</h3>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"4b50449e-978d-49d2-9340-066edf43e30e\" href=\"\">Il Viewer può ora esportare più connessioni</a> da applicazioni CAD/BIM in una sola volta</li>\n</ul>\n<h3>Progettazione di elementi in acciaio senza limiti</h3>\n<ul>\n <li>La nuova applicazione IDEA StatiCa Member sta diventando LIVE: progetta membrature generali in acciaio, comprese le connessioni (l'applicazione Connection è incorporata in essa).</li>\n <li>L'ingegnere strutturale non deve più stimare gli effetti delle condizioni al contorno e può analizzare e verificare membrature di qualsiasi topologia e carico.</li>\n <li>Possibilità di analizzare imperfezioni, grandi deformazioni (del 2° ordine), non linearità, torsione e svergolamento.</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"6ae5ab82-3d6c-4c6c-a812-7f8f1ec7dc2d\" href=\"\">Per saperne di più</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Novità per Calcestruzzo e precompresso</h2>\n<h3>Miglioramenti alla progettazione in RCS e Detail</h3>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"c9d4974e-2ae8-4f70-abc6-5f110e74c716\" href=\"\">Resistenza al fuoco di colonne snelle</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"43496020-132d-4159-b31c-d1cd14198e4f\" href=\"\">Estensione del calcolo della rigidezza</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"a460f91a-cd3b-420d-9369-6e4833befd6c\" href=\"\">Miglioramento della verifica dell'interazione</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"dc5cf57d-5669-49fb-bcd9-e83e32e2e425\" href=\"\">Aggiornamento del controllo dell'ampiezza delle fessure</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"e891a412-d4f5-4473-8e9c-bded813ee5e3\" href=\"\">Miglioramento della velocità di analisi CSFM</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h3>Nuovi flussi di lavoro per il calcestruzzo con IDEA StatiCa Member</h3>\n<ul>\n <li>La nuova applicazione IDEA StatiCa Member è LIVE: progetta membrature in calcestruzzo con sezioni trasversali complesse e ha l'applicazione RCS incorporata.</li>\n <li>Tutte le verifiche ULS e SLS per travi e telai critici di varie topologie, tra cui capacità, taglio, torsione, interazione, limitazione delle sollecitazioni e ampiezza delle fessure.</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"879fe0ab-6957-40c6-934a-11dcc189ac84\" href=\"\">Per saperne di più</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Collegamenti BIM</h2>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"a2d8bf12-cff7-45ae-92c4-b1e7e75c95a2\" href=\"\">Aggiornamento della versione supportata di software di<sup>terze</sup> parti</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Portale utente e licenze</h2>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"46cf750d-6c89-41af-bf0c-b32d12c6e186\" href=\"\">Nuovo portale per la gestione delle licenze e l'invio di casi di supporto</a></li>\n</ul>"
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"value": "<p><em>Nota: Connection Browser è stato rinominato in </em><em><strong>Connection Library</strong></em><em> con la versione 23.0 (aprile 2023).</em></p>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa 21.1 è la seconda versione dell'anno e offre maggiori funzionalità rispetto a quella primaverile. Cosa abbiamo cercato di ottenere con questa versione? Stiamo spingendo i nostri flussi di lavoro BIM a un livello superiore, consentendo agli ingegneri di progettare di più nel calcestruzzo armato e precompresso, e implementando molte funzioni per la progettazione delle connessioni che ci sono state richieste da tutto il mondo da voi, i nostri clienti.</p>\n<p>Godetevi e calcolate i preventivi di ieri!</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"a314aca6_6c0d_0137_1167_4711acc79fa1\"></object>\n<h2>Novità per il BIM</h2>\n<p>Flussi di lavoro BIM affidabili sono fondamentali per un lavoro di progetto efficace. Ecco perché abbiamo investito in un massiccio aggiornamento dell'applicazione \"Code-Check Manager\". Gli abbiamo anche dato un nome migliore: <a data-item-id=\"4074acd5-0f5f-40f9-aa70-ac1ff373919d\" href=\"\">Checkbot</a>. Questa applicazione dall'aspetto elegante è il nuovo fulcro dei flussi di lavoro di IDEA StatiCa con software di<sup>terze parti</sup> che aumentano la produttività degli ingegneri che lavorano con i nostri collegamenti <a data-item-id=\"c79ee572-70be-4d42-9755-82ca8d39b5cc\" href=\"\">BIM</a>.</p>\n<h3>IDEA StatiCa Checkbot vi offre:</h3>\n<ul>\n <li>Controllo completo delle connessioni e dei membri importati</li>\n <li>Elenco chiaro di tutti gli elementi importati, compreso lo stato controllato/non controllato</li>\n <li>Visualizzazione 3D delle membrature e dei carichi importati</li>\n <li>Tabella di conversione per materiali e sezioni trasversali</li>\n <li>Gestione delle combinazioni di carico</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Il <a data-item-id=\"4074acd5-0f5f-40f9-aa70-ac1ff373919d\" href=\"\">Checkbot</a> può essere avviato dall'applicazione di<sup>terze parti</sup> o come applicazione indipendente e consente di combinare gli input provenienti da più fonti. <a data-item-id=\"4074acd5-0f5f-40f9-aa70-ac1ff373919d\" href=\"\">Per saperne di più su IDEA StatiCa Checkbot</a>.</p>\n<h2>Notizie per Calcestruzzo e precompressione</h2>\n<p>Le colonne snelle in cemento armato sono molto sensibili alle imperfezioni, il che comporta una pressione supplementare per gli ingegneri durante l'intero ciclo di progettazione e costruzione. IDEA StatiCa Member, dotato di un nuovo solutore GMNIA nella versione 21.1, fornisce uno strumento affidabile per gli ingegneri che devono fornire relazioni di progetto chiare e complete di colonne snelle. <a data-item-id=\"87b9d2ac-7457-4179-b8ef-32ff8ec8f822\" href=\"\">Per saperne di più sulla progettazione di colonne snelle.</a></p>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa Detail ha dimostrato di essere uno strumento di progettazione strutturale unico per le membrature critiche e i dettagli delle strutture in cemento armato. La versione 21.1 estende IDEA StatiCa Detail anche al calcestruzzo precompresso. Gli ingegneri possono ora comprendere, progettare e verificare a norma le discontinuità nelle membrature e nei dettagli prefabbricati. Ciò riduce drasticamente il tempo necessario per la progettazione di travi precompresse, diaframmi, ecc. <a data-item-id=\"0da35ada-445f-4099-85e6-95621c010fea\" href=\"\">Per saperne di più sulla progettazione delle regioni di discontinuità precompresse.</a></p>\n<p>Altri miglioramenti nel calcestruzzo e nella precompressione sono:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"35d89861-cb2d-4650-8b12-d26a4d5e3603\" href=\"\">Accelerazione del solutore di IDEA StatiCa per la progettazione di discontinuità nel calcestruzzo fino al 30%.</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"754996ca-bca4-4953-aac7-de7b6aa4598a\" href=\"\">Miglioramento della verifica dell'ampiezza delle fessure nelle sezioni trasversali con un ampio copriferro in calcestruzzo</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"11428b88-a3f6-4b73-8e0e-3080894c3633\" href=\"\">Importazione massiva da un disegno DXF</a> a Detail (dalla patch 21.1.1 in poi)</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"73df02c3-5ea5-460a-b0e2-0738bca2595f\" href=\"\">Ordinamento dei casi di carico in Detail</a> (dalla patch 21.1.1 in poi)</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Novità per l'acciaio</h2>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa Connection sta rapidamente diventando la scelta standard per la <a data-item-id=\"b0a659df-8f92-4d1f-abb6-2efa02bad946\" href=\"\">progettazione di connessioni</a> in tutto il mondo. La versione 21.1 apporta diversi miglioramenti alla verifica dei codici e alla modellazione, oltre a un nuovo approccio per la gestione di progetti di connessioni ripetitivi.</p>\n<p>È arrivato il Connection Browser! Questo strumento unico vi aiuterà a trovare una soluzione di progettazione adatta da una libreria di progetti predefiniti e ad applicarla immediatamente. Il Connection Browser funziona con tre database di connessioni in acciaio. Il primo è l'insieme definito da IDEA StatiCa in ogni installazione. Il secondo è l'insieme di progetti di connessioni creati e salvati da ciascun utente. Il terzo sarà un insieme aziendale di connessioni che ciascuno dei nostri clienti potrà creare e mantenere (questo sarà rilasciato in una delle patch della versione 21.1. in uscita tra un paio di settimane). <a data-item-id=\"5e9b20d3-786d-429b-97aa-f2e8ada196b4\" href=\"\">Per saperne di più sul Connection Browser</a>.</p>\n<h3>Miglioramenti alla progettazione e all'analisi delle connessioni:</h3>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"940e97db-790e-439d-95b7-c99b79c53c43\" href=\"\">Numero personalizzato di modalità di instabilità</a>: ora è possibile impostare fino a 30 modalità di instabilità.</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"5d9eadfb-a1b8-4e37-ad1f-d17a3287fcea\" href=\"\">Acciai europei in base alle schede prodotto</a> - specificamente per il mercato britannico</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"174db5ba-2d90-4846-b707-8c98bb6e6050\" href=\"\">Visualizzazione 3D delle deformazioni</a> degli elementi in acciaio</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"287c55f9-dc18-4fff-a491-71a1641679f6\" href=\"\">Utilizzo di coordinate globali/locali nelle impostazioni dei supporti</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"6a1966e1-7905-4ced-a002-c8f568072d4c\" href=\"\">Miglioramento della verifica delle saldature secondo l</a> 'Eurocodice e lo standard indiano.</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"c3e0558d-c799-44e3-8961-57cdbc9434d9\" href=\"\">Opzioni del tipo di cuscinetto per i bulloni</a> ora completamente sostituite</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"1ecd38ea-c2c8-4753-9b2b-c6288be8d2b3\" href=\"\">Proposta di progettazione con il tasto destro del mouse</a> (dalla patch 21.1.2 in poi)</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"97f7c92f-a7e8-45a5-978b-3187a9925415\" href=\"\">Superficie - tutto intorno nuovo metodo di taglio</a> (nella patch 21.1.2 e successive)</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"f89307a5-4bac-4632-bb5f-1a2586f199a3\" href=\"\">Avviso di bulloni passanti per sezioni cave</a> (dalla patch 21.1.2 in poi)</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"7510a749-ad18-4a34-bacf-44b7b9647bde\" href=\"\">Aggiornamento della verifica della resistenza allo scivolamento secondo SP16</a> (dalla patch 21.1.4 in poi)</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"0f256907-a887-4488-93c1-a30f11220a33\" href=\"\">Collegamento della piastra di base senza ancoraggi</a> (dalla patch 21.1.4 in poi)</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Licenze</h2>\n<p>Alcune applicazioni obsolete saranno rimosse dal file di installazione della versione 21.1. Vedere l'<a data-item-id=\"91f72bc2-5d80-4dee-bcf9-b348e55493e9\" href=\"\">elenco delle applicazioni obsolete</a>.</p>\n<h2>Incidenti risolti</h2>\n<p>Consultate l'<a data-item-id=\"26e29f8c-f439-430a-8ffd-f16af55d4c31\" href=\"\">elenco</a> attuale <a data-item-id=\"26e29f8c-f439-430a-8ffd-f16af55d4c31\" href=\"\">degli incidenti risolti</a> segnalati dai nostri clienti.</p>\n<h2>Note di rilascio complete</h2>\n<p>Di seguito è possibile scaricare la <strong>versione completa delle note di rilascio </strong>per IDEA StatiCa versione 21.1 in PDF.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n4c72c9ba_0f41_018d_f4ff_60e893861309\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>Tutti gli ingegneri strutturali, i progettisti e i disegnatori richiedono una chiara rappresentazione visiva dei loro progetti. Per questo motivo la possibilità di modificare i disegni era una caratteristica molto richiesta. Gli ingegneri vogliono generare \"schizzi\", i progettisti amano riceverli, in modo da non iniziare la progettazione da zero. D'ora in poi, è possibile definire e modificare i modelli di sezione nella finestra principale della scena 3D.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2319e454-c2ef-4c67-939f-17b5362a5869\" data-image-id=\"2319e454-c2ef-4c67-939f-17b5362a5869\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/10d85330-38bc-4a59-859d-e55f50c84757/Section2up.png\" data-asset-id=\"2319e454-c2ef-4c67-939f-17b5362a5869\" data-image-id=\"2319e454-c2ef-4c67-939f-17b5362a5869\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>È possibile definire più viste di sezione, ognuna delle quali deve essere collegata alla piastra, e si possono modificare i confini della sezione o l'orientamento della stessa.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"580d274a-dfc0-4fcc-8e4a-7787112accbd\" data-image-id=\"580d274a-dfc0-4fcc-8e4a-7787112accbd\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1cfa9097-eb11-4c6d-acca-687026b769a0/Section3up.png\" data-asset-id=\"580d274a-dfc0-4fcc-8e4a-7787112accbd\" data-image-id=\"580d274a-dfc0-4fcc-8e4a-7787112accbd\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Per aggiungere una nuova sezione per produrre un disegno o uno schizzo, selezionare una piastra nel modello di connessione e nel menu del tasto destro del mouse selezionare <strong>Crea sezione</strong>. Per eliminarla, selezionare la piastra e scegliere <strong>Elimina sezione</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e754121d-3dd6-4954-be9d-38da04b7ee5a\" data-image-id=\"e754121d-3dd6-4954-be9d-38da04b7ee5a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/94b3a62f-c84e-4968-af41-ce23e24f9953/Section5up.png\" data-asset-id=\"e754121d-3dd6-4954-be9d-38da04b7ee5a\" data-image-id=\"e754121d-3dd6-4954-be9d-38da04b7ee5a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Per uscire dalla vista di sezione, fare clic sull'icona <strong>Denominazione della sezione</strong>. In seguito è possibile accedere nuovamente alle viste di sezione utilizzando questa icona e sfogliare e modificare tutte le sezioni aggiunte nel menu.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d3235040-4e79-4af0-a390-725dd761571f\" data-image-id=\"d3235040-4e79-4af0-a390-725dd761571f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d085fb8c-a181-4c8b-b4a3-b5efba659423/Section6up.png\" data-asset-id=\"d3235040-4e79-4af0-a390-725dd761571f\" data-image-id=\"d3235040-4e79-4af0-a390-725dd761571f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>La vista del modello di sezione può essere stampata su un rapporto o salvata in una galleria per un ulteriore utilizzo.</p>\n<p>È prevista la generazione automatica di etichette per le saldature e le piastre che descrivono rispettivamente il tipo e lo spessore della saldatura e lo spessore/dimensioni della piastra.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"82f73e29-b56a-4139-abfc-a4c210942877\" data-image-id=\"82f73e29-b56a-4139-abfc-a4c210942877\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/197fe921-96c1-4f52-913f-9e12de161275/Section4up.png\" data-asset-id=\"82f73e29-b56a-4139-abfc-a4c210942877\" data-image-id=\"82f73e29-b56a-4139-abfc-a4c210942877\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Etichette di saldatura e di proprietà della piastra</em></p>\n<p>Questa funzione è disponibile solo nella versione <strong>Enhanced</strong> di IDEA StatiCa Steel.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n324d24fd_fdcf_01ce_0052_c64faa60c63e\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>Per creare una vista in sezione, fare clic con il pulsante destro del mouse su qualsiasi piastra nel modello 3D del giunto e selezionare <strong>Crea sezione</strong>. Immediatamente viene creata la vista in sezione.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2315c890-a256-4794-895c-bd26231dc005\" data-image-id=\"2315c890-a256-4794-895c-bd26231dc005\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/554538bc-5e30-407c-9799-adba314adf20/SectionHowTo.png\" data-asset-id=\"2315c890-a256-4794-895c-bd26231dc005\" data-image-id=\"2315c890-a256-4794-895c-bd26231dc005\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Per <strong>modificare </strong>le dimensioni della sezione stessa, fare clic sul bordo giallo della sezione e trascinare le frecce.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2939e672-090d-4e5a-ae10-6dfd39e2778f\" data-image-id=\"2939e672-090d-4e5a-ae10-6dfd39e2778f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/406a87df-ffa6-4ce8-bac0-7fec2b90c9ea/SectionHowTo2.png\" data-asset-id=\"2939e672-090d-4e5a-ae10-6dfd39e2778f\" data-image-id=\"2939e672-090d-4e5a-ae10-6dfd39e2778f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Per eliminare una vista in sezione, fare clic con il pulsante destro del mouse sulla stessa piastra per la quale è stata precedentemente creata la vista in sezione e selezionare <strong>Elimina sezione</strong>.</p>\n<p>È possibile definire più viste di sezione per varie piastre del giunto. Per passare da una sezione all'altra, selezionare quella desiderata nella casella combinata.</p>\n<p>La direzione della sezione può essere cambiata con il comando <strong>Inverti </strong>. La vista del modello di sezione può essere <strong>attivata/disattivata</strong> dal pulsante di sezione posto a sinistra della casella combinata degli elementi della sezione.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e1f99dae-1072-4c6c-aab2-0d20cb0b761f\" data-image-id=\"e1f99dae-1072-4c6c-aab2-0d20cb0b761f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/024c12d6-e513-4dd9-9d2c-4af16cd669cf/SectionHowTo3.png\" data-asset-id=\"e1f99dae-1072-4c6c-aab2-0d20cb0b761f\" data-image-id=\"e1f99dae-1072-4c6c-aab2-0d20cb0b761f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Le viste di sezione possono essere aggiunte al <strong>report </strong>come immagini dalla galleria (anche con le dimensioni) o automaticamente dopo aver selezionato il pulsante di comando per le sezioni nella configurazione del report dettagliato.</p>\n<p>La distinta dei materiali includerà automaticamente tutte le sezioni definite.</p>\n<p><strong>Vedere il video su come lavorare facilmente con le sezioni:</strong></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n345699b5_eec9_0191_2003_dafcd98e75e1\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"untitled_content_item_1e33271\"></object>"
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"value": "<p><em>Note: Connection Browser was renamed to </em><em><strong>Connection Library</strong></em><em> with version 23.0 (April, 2023).</em></p>\n<p>The first is the set defined by IDEA StatiCa in every installation. The second is the set of connection designs created and saved by each user. The third will be a company set of connections each of our customers can create and maintain (this will be released in one of the patches of version 21.1. coming out in a couple of weeks).</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n60f675bc_99fa_0187_d4aa_82a151e24d77\"></object>\n<p>The Connection Browser allows you to find a suitable design solution from a library of predefined designs and directly apply it to your members. Connection Browser is going to replace the old Template manager in the future. Nevertheless, for the time being, you can find both in the top ribbon.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"87d857ef-f86a-4c63-8bd6-da233dc6eb90\" data-image-id=\"87d857ef-f86a-4c63-8bd6-da233dc6eb90\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a49514a3-67eb-4c41-89e3-8eda2d857581/Browser%201.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"87d857ef-f86a-4c63-8bd6-da233dc6eb90\" data-image-id=\"87d857ef-f86a-4c63-8bd6-da233dc6eb90\" alt=\"IDEA StatiCa Connection Browser\"></figure>\n<p>There are three new buttons dedicated to the <a data-item-id=\"b0a659df-8f92-4d1f-abb6-2efa02bad946\" href=\"\">Connection</a> Browser. The <strong>Propose</strong> button opens the Connection design browser, a general library of saved designs. You can directly go through available designs for all current members in the topology of your connection.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f90f2625-1dbf-41d3-8fe9-8647de438338\" data-image-id=\"f90f2625-1dbf-41d3-8fe9-8647de438338\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/09d2bee1-ca60-4579-ae0e-011c28ad29bb/Browser%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"f90f2625-1dbf-41d3-8fe9-8647de438338\" data-image-id=\"f90f2625-1dbf-41d3-8fe9-8647de438338\" alt=\"IDEA StatiCa Connection Browser\"></figure>\n<p>For the nonstandard geometries, try to select only a subset (i.e., two or three) members at a time. Switch the Geometry to Selection and use the pick tool and hold CTRL to select multiple members in the scene. Confirm the selection with Enter, Spacebar or the right mouse button. The proposer will filter the topologies based on your selection.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a306ad16-681b-40b0-83ae-3d4a81a0c2b6\" data-image-id=\"a306ad16-681b-40b0-83ae-3d4a81a0c2b6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3533489c-b6de-4b9d-87f9-a5906eeb4d9e/Browser%203.png\" data-asset-id=\"a306ad16-681b-40b0-83ae-3d4a81a0c2b6\" data-image-id=\"a306ad16-681b-40b0-83ae-3d4a81a0c2b6\" alt=\"IDEA StatiCa Connection Browser\"></figure>\n<p>Once you find a suitable design, it is directly applied to the selected part of the joint.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6c8aee83-dfe4-4a27-917f-4e71ed7e03a7\" data-image-id=\"6c8aee83-dfe4-4a27-917f-4e71ed7e03a7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4234fc71-8282-4681-b6c6-078965a5aa91/Browser%204.jfif\" data-asset-id=\"6c8aee83-dfe4-4a27-917f-4e71ed7e03a7\" data-image-id=\"6c8aee83-dfe4-4a27-917f-4e71ed7e03a7\" alt=\"IDEA StatiCa Connection Browser\"></figure>\n<p>To display the full content of the library, switch the Topology to None. You can also filter the designs based on different criteria: Designs including bolts or welds or switch on/off the IDEA StatiCa default library of designs or your private (User-made) design set.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1969d115-1025-4d87-baed-16880bc37327\" data-image-id=\"1969d115-1025-4d87-baed-16880bc37327\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a63a5c77-a58c-45e8-b648-8541919d9d46/Browser%209.png\" data-asset-id=\"1969d115-1025-4d87-baed-16880bc37327\" data-image-id=\"1969d115-1025-4d87-baed-16880bc37327\" alt=\"IDEA StatiCa Connection Browser\"></figure>\n<p>You can now add any created custom design into the library by selecting the <strong>Publish</strong> command from the ribbon. In the following dialogue, you can specify the Connection Design Set (CDS) where the design will be saved. At the moment, the design will be included into the user's private library – User Data Set. More will come in future versions of IDEA StatiCa (the possibility to share the designs, etc.).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4ae473fe-6f4d-474d-8bb7-e331ab02c6e8\" data-image-id=\"4ae473fe-6f4d-474d-8bb7-e331ab02c6e8\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f4fc622a-ad46-4e8e-80d6-b29f93574dbc/Browser%208.png\" data-asset-id=\"4ae473fe-6f4d-474d-8bb7-e331ab02c6e8\" data-image-id=\"4ae473fe-6f4d-474d-8bb7-e331ab02c6e8\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The newly added custom design will be available in the Connection Browser (under the Propose dialogue) for further use in the design workflow.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ba19d19f-ba3c-4c28-a8fa-d73a2e93f458\" data-image-id=\"ba19d19f-ba3c-4c28-a8fa-d73a2e93f458\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/55933201-5d49-4ab0-858e-6aa16c67de07/Browser%206.png\" data-asset-id=\"ba19d19f-ba3c-4c28-a8fa-d73a2e93f458\" data-image-id=\"ba19d19f-ba3c-4c28-a8fa-d73a2e93f458\" alt=\"IDEA StatiCa Connection Browser\"></figure>\n<p>All the user connection design items can be managed by the <strong>Manage</strong> command in the ribbon: you can easily delete and edit the designs (in the current version, only the name and version can be modified, more will come soon).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4d1808dd-3d61-476e-a13e-eed21e14e0bc\" data-image-id=\"4d1808dd-3d61-476e-a13e-eed21e14e0bc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e2049a0a-9392-45d4-9a7a-30a23f5e4f97/Browser%207.png\" data-asset-id=\"4d1808dd-3d61-476e-a13e-eed21e14e0bc\" data-image-id=\"4d1808dd-3d61-476e-a13e-eed21e14e0bc\" alt=\"IDEA StatiCa Connection Browser\"></figure>\n<p>Migration of current templates – the current feature for templates in IDEA StatiCa Connection will gradually be replaced by the Connection Browser. We advise all users to save their current templates as their personal designs in the Connection Browser.</p>\n<p>Available in <strong>Expert</strong> and <strong>Enhanced</strong> edition of IDEA StatiCa Steel.</p>"
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"value": "<p><em>Note: Connection Browser was renamed to </em><em><strong>Connection Library</strong></em><em> with version 23.0 (April, 2023).</em></p>\n<p>Check all the features in IDEA StatiCa 22.0 and compare them with the <a data-item-id=\"5e9b20d3-786d-429b-97aa-f2e8ada196b4\" href=\"\">Connection Browser (v21.1)</a> introduced in the previous version.</p>\n<h3>Company set of your designs</h3>\n<p>A company connection design set is a set of saved designs (templates) created by you or your colleagues from the same company. The set is accessible for all users from the company (based on the company license group), while users from different companies cannot see, use or access these design items.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"75a5a3d4-37a4-4876-9061-ec722939656f\" data-image-id=\"75a5a3d4-37a4-4876-9061-ec722939656f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/8a9d738f-6bf6-4dbc-b8f3-470a3b98db1d/ConBr-CompanySet_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"75a5a3d4-37a4-4876-9061-ec722939656f\" data-image-id=\"75a5a3d4-37a4-4876-9061-ec722939656f\" alt=\"IDEA StatiCa Company set of connection designs\"></figure>\n<p>Every user from a company can search and apply the saved company designs as well as add a new design to the company set. After creating your custom connection, press the <strong>Publish</strong> button in the top ribbon, specify the description and select the Connection Design Set (CDS) to save your connection as a new template. The Private items will be available only for you, while the Company is shared with your colleagues. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b80af4a3-e6f9-42c9-a073-215666a8ef0f\" data-image-id=\"b80af4a3-e6f9-42c9-a073-215666a8ef0f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9abcdffa-9fe8-43fa-9ead-1054ba3521a5/ConBr-CompanySet_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"b80af4a3-e6f9-42c9-a073-215666a8ef0f\" data-image-id=\"b80af4a3-e6f9-42c9-a073-215666a8ef0f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>To view and manage your Private and Company design sets, use the <strong>Manage </strong>button in the top ribbon.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a0bd986a-7116-441e-9b2d-153488cbe1f0\" data-image-id=\"a0bd986a-7116-441e-9b2d-153488cbe1f0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c0d488e1-c823-48a0-bf0e-7aaa1f8d894a/ConBr-CompanySet_5.png\" data-asset-id=\"a0bd986a-7116-441e-9b2d-153488cbe1f0\" data-image-id=\"a0bd986a-7116-441e-9b2d-153488cbe1f0\" alt=\"IDEA StatiCa Company set of connection designs\"></figure>\n<h3>Introduction video of the Company sets in the new Connection Browser:</h3>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n16144ee1_3986_010f_8bf5_cde4c65ee011\"></object>\n<h3>Improved filters to manage designs</h3>\n<p>In the Connection Browser (opened by the <strong>Propose </strong>button from the top ribbon), you can find a gallery of all saved designs proposed for a given geometry (see <a data-item-id=\"5e9b20d3-786d-429b-97aa-f2e8ada196b4\" href=\"\">the article from Release notes 21.1</a> to get familiar with the interface and find out how to work with the geometry). To easily find the desired design, you can switch on and off items based on the used connectors (anchors, bolts, weld, cleats) by the filter on left.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"546341a7-951b-4741-b920-7aed19a43a8a\" data-image-id=\"546341a7-951b-4741-b920-7aed19a43a8a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3052695a-20fd-4c26-a49c-ad78ec1ce2e7/ConBr-Connectors_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"546341a7-951b-4741-b920-7aed19a43a8a\" data-image-id=\"546341a7-951b-4741-b920-7aed19a43a8a\" alt=\"IDEA StatiCa Company set of connection designs\"></figure>\n<p>Above the gallery preview of the designs, you can turn on and off the three different sets of designs:</p>\n<p><em><strong>IDEA StatiCa connection design set</strong></em><em> is a set of design items (templates) created for you by IDEA StatiCa team and accessible for all users without limitation.</em></p>\n<p><em><strong>Private connection design set</strong></em><em> is a set of design items (templates) created by a user and accessible only by the user (based on user account). No other users can see, use or access these design items.</em></p>\n<p><em><strong>Company connection design set</strong></em><em> is a set of design items (templates) created by users from a company and accessible by users from a company (based on company account license group). Users from different companies cannot see, use or access these design items.</em></p>\n<h3>The right-mouse button opens the Connection Browser</h3>\n<p>This feature is another step of the Connection Browser integration into IDEA StatiCa Connection interface and replaces the similar old-style feature under the right-mouse button. Shortcut for those of you who like to be super fast - the right-click on a member in the 3D scene automatically proposes designs that fit from your library.</p>\n<p>The UI of the right mouse button features <strong>Connect to</strong>,<strong> Anchor</strong>, and<strong> Modify</strong> remains the same. Instead of a solid set of general templates, the Connection Browser proposes designs that fit the number of selected members, their geometry, and cross-sections.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a299ab8d-bff8-4914-8f6d-618dfbd368e0\" data-image-id=\"a299ab8d-bff8-4914-8f6d-618dfbd368e0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b4bdf242-d59f-4266-a7b9-f7ddeba7513e/Right-click%20mouse%20button%20design%20proposal.png\" data-asset-id=\"a299ab8d-bff8-4914-8f6d-618dfbd368e0\" data-image-id=\"a299ab8d-bff8-4914-8f6d-618dfbd368e0\" alt=\"Developer mode\"></figure>\n<p>The right-click selection workflow with integrated Connection Browser:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Click the right mouse button at a member</li>\n <li>Click on <strong>Connect to</strong> (or Anchor or Modify)</li>\n <li>You can select one or multiple members to connect to. Multiple members can be selected either by holding CTRL or SHIFT key or by dragging the mouse in the scene</li>\n <li>Press Spacebar to confirm the selection</li>\n <li>Choose one of the proposed designs in the Connection Browser</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The right-mouse button feature has been available since the 21.1.1 patch.</p>\n<h3>Selection functionality</h3>\n<p>As mentioned above, you can use the selection of multiple members by holding the CTRL or SHIFT key and selecting them in the scene. Confirm the selection by the spacebar key or Enter key or by another right-mouse click.</p>\n<p>Alternatively, you can select multiple members by clicking and dragging the selection window. In this case, no confirmation is needed.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"42bdbba1-3713-4a35-8e7f-98d2fc2426a1\" data-image-id=\"42bdbba1-3713-4a35-8e7f-98d2fc2426a1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/998ca24d-c0fc-4cf4-9a3b-ffbf005583a6/ConBr-select_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"42bdbba1-3713-4a35-8e7f-98d2fc2426a1\" data-image-id=\"42bdbba1-3713-4a35-8e7f-98d2fc2426a1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b6177cb5-b4e4-46eb-b29d-0bc9936cbd98\" data-image-id=\"b6177cb5-b4e4-46eb-b29d-0bc9936cbd98\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/656f9fe6-ac1b-40d0-9bec-db4389d8cfd9/ConBr-select_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"b6177cb5-b4e4-46eb-b29d-0bc9936cbd98\" data-image-id=\"b6177cb5-b4e4-46eb-b29d-0bc9936cbd98\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>Termination of old Template Manager</h3>\n<p>As you might have noticed, the old-fashioned and outdated Template Manager has been made obsolete in version 22.0. If you need to transfer your custom designs into the new Connection Browser, use the 21.1 version of IDEA StatiCa where both functions are implemented next to each other. </p>\n<p>Create the design you want to transfer by loading it from the Template Manager in 21.1 and Publish it to Connection Browser to your Private or Company set of designs.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6ea5765c-29c8-48e9-b536-069b1c96fdaa\" data-image-id=\"6ea5765c-29c8-48e9-b536-069b1c96fdaa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/190dd315-b3f6-4cbd-9223-34db31a83569/ConBr-TemplateManager_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"6ea5765c-29c8-48e9-b536-069b1c96fdaa\" data-image-id=\"6ea5765c-29c8-48e9-b536-069b1c96fdaa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Available in both <strong>Expert</strong> and <strong>Enhanced</strong> editions of <a data-item-id=\"f6acf868-1f2d-48e6-8ccb-711f6883d5f7\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Steel</a>.</p>"
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"value": "<p>I giunti acciaio-legno sono presenti al momento solo per la verifica delle piastre in acciaio e la determinazione dei vettori di forza negli elementi di fissaggio. Le piastre del fazzoletto possono essere applicate sia racchiuse che inserite.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"77d5d63a-f694-4fc4-a04d-56cba71990ac\" data-image-id=\"77d5d63a-f694-4fc4-a04d-56cba71990ac\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/66d851b6-b2cf-4c6d-88fb-f31a39793bd7/steel-to-timber.png\" data-asset-id=\"77d5d63a-f694-4fc4-a04d-56cba71990ac\" data-image-id=\"77d5d63a-f694-4fc4-a04d-56cba71990ac\" alt=\"Nodo Acciaio-Legno\"></figure>\n<p>Le proprietà del materiale del legno non sono specificate. Le verifiche degli elementi di fissaggio e del legno devono essere eseguite manualmente o con un altro software secondo le regole di progettazione appropriate. Pertanto, l'analisi di rigidezza non è disponibile. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e784745b-8e33-461b-b15b-dad47606d614\" data-image-id=\"e784745b-8e33-461b-b15b-dad47606d614\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/843342b7-3dce-40ad-8626-fea6ec896f60/steel-to-timber%20code-check.png\" data-asset-id=\"e784745b-8e33-461b-b15b-dad47606d614\" data-image-id=\"e784745b-8e33-461b-b15b-dad47606d614\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>La verifica di tutti gli altri componenti delle connessioni in acciaio è effettuata come di consueto.</p>\n<p>Per saperne di più su come lavorare con i giunti acciaio-legno, consulta l’<a data-item-id=\"7e1fa301-759e-4141-933e-ec6eaff7c918\" href=\"\">articolo sulle conoscenze di base</a>. </p>"
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"value": "<p>La <strong>progettazione delle connessioni acciaio-legno </strong>è un'altra fase che consente agli utenti di progettare e verificare a livello di codice vari tipi di connessioni e membrature di diversi materiali.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"adafd49a-b073-4d37-827c-2550757e2c6c\" data-image-id=\"adafd49a-b073-4d37-827c-2550757e2c6c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/83b44b4b-4e4c-4f03-896c-e25d2de684d2/Timber2.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"adafd49a-b073-4d37-827c-2550757e2c6c\" data-image-id=\"adafd49a-b073-4d37-827c-2550757e2c6c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Esempio di connessioni acciaio-legno</em></p>\n<p>È possibile ottenere risultati sulle <strong>piastre di collegamento in acciaio</strong>. Le verifiche in accordo al codice per le piastre in acciaio sono disponibili in base al codice scelto. Le verifiche secondo codice di elementi in legno, bulloni e tasselli non vengono fornite e devono essere eseguite da un'applicazione di terze parti. D'altra parte, l'applicazione IDEA StatiCa Connection fornisce le forze di taglio e di trazione agenti su ciascun bullone o tassello per una precisa verifica manuale secondo codice.</p>\n<p>Si veda anche l'<a data-item-id=\"c16f8cbb-a469-4c46-ac70-2090e054fcf1\" href=\"\">articolo di approfondimento teorico sui giunti acciaio-legno</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e784745b-8e33-461b-b15b-dad47606d614\" data-image-id=\"e784745b-8e33-461b-b15b-dad47606d614\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/843342b7-3dce-40ad-8626-fea6ec896f60/steel-to-timber%20code-check.png\" data-asset-id=\"e784745b-8e33-461b-b15b-dad47606d614\" data-image-id=\"e784745b-8e33-461b-b15b-dad47606d614\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>Modelli e operazioni di produzione</h3>\n<p>Sono state implementate due nuove operazioni di produzione per gli elementi in legno: Piastra di rinforzo e Piastra di collegamento. Gli utenti possono effettuare la selezione nel menu Operazioni di fabbricazione.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cf705dff-df2c-4766-90a1-d6f330fe493a\" data-image-id=\"cf705dff-df2c-4766-90a1-d6f330fe493a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5f495321-54ef-48b6-9e81-a2dcce7139b6/TimberManufacturingOperations.png\" data-asset-id=\"cf705dff-df2c-4766-90a1-d6f330fe493a\" data-image-id=\"cf705dff-df2c-4766-90a1-d6f330fe493a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Piastra fazzoletto e Piastra di connessione per le operazioni di produzione delle travi in legno</em></p>\n<p>Per facilitare la progettazione delle connessioni acciaio-legno, sono stati aggiunti nuovi modelli all'applicazione guidata.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"397dd720-98b3-479a-abe2-537b55c884e6\" data-image-id=\"397dd720-98b3-479a-abe2-537b55c884e6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/dc200967-1222-4d39-a79e-0471b11b62a0/Timber_wizard.png\" data-asset-id=\"397dd720-98b3-479a-abe2-537b55c884e6\" data-image-id=\"397dd720-98b3-479a-abe2-537b55c884e6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Modelli di connessione acciaio-legno</em></p>\n<h3>Aggiornamenti della funzione</h3>\n<p>La verifica delle connessioni in legno è stato implementata nella versione 20.0 di IDEA StatiCa.</p>\n<p>Dalla patch 22.0.1 è possibile visualizzare l'angolo delle fibre risultante per la verifica dei bulloni. Vedere l'<a data-item-id=\"eed5a14c-0581-42b1-8a67-7181fb8d4fdf\" href=\"\">articolo</a> dedicato delle <a data-item-id=\"eed5a14c-0581-42b1-8a67-7181fb8d4fdf\" href=\"\">Note di rilascio 22.1</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1639c709-2c90-40ae-9dc9-099c244779aa\" data-image-id=\"1639c709-2c90-40ae-9dc9-099c244779aa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bcb389d3-f3bc-44ad-a7b5-da46852c5f0a/TimberAngles.png\" data-asset-id=\"1639c709-2c90-40ae-9dc9-099c244779aa\" data-image-id=\"1639c709-2c90-40ae-9dc9-099c244779aa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Dalla patch 23.0.1, è stato visualizzato un avviso per sottolineare che i bulloni che attraversano l'elemento in legno non sono verificati (nella scena 3D e nel Report).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"944f89ff-6de2-4ddd-a880-e000e29c0474\" data-image-id=\"944f89ff-6de2-4ddd-a880-e000e29c0474\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/0774a5ce-0efc-491c-9bd6-b5e8d0e2a229/Timber%20warning%2023-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"944f89ff-6de2-4ddd-a880-e000e29c0474\" data-image-id=\"944f89ff-6de2-4ddd-a880-e000e29c0474\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Questa funzione è disponibile per la versione <strong>Enhanced</strong> di IDEA StatiCa Steel.</p>\n<h3>Webinar e altre risorse</h3>\n<p>Scopri le possibilità di verifica delle connessioni in legno nella pratica nella registrazione del webinar <a data-item-id=\"b57ff28d-bfd1-40a5-bd3a-081042f90081\" href=\"\">Connection Wednesdays - Optimization of timber column anchoring</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"02008f76-2a47-4cbc-9d36-4b452d9939f5\" data-image-id=\"02008f76-2a47-4cbc-9d36-4b452d9939f5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bc92f8a6-c95d-4d5b-945a-4cad2c7f07c7/2020-09-09%20Connection%20Wednesdays%20-%20Optimization%20of%20timber%20column%20anchoring.png\" data-asset-id=\"02008f76-2a47-4cbc-9d36-4b452d9939f5\" data-image-id=\"02008f76-2a47-4cbc-9d36-4b452d9939f5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Nel nostro blog, potete leggere un articolo sulla <a data-item-id=\"d8e3456b-1ac7-4a63-9eed-1a60eea8542e\" href=\"\">progettazione di connessioni acciaio-legno</a> a partire da luglio 2020.</p>\n<p>Date un'occhiata al caso di studio di una <a data-item-id=\"b016f9ce-4868-4abd-be3e-8c94465267d0\" href=\"\">casa famiglia in Massachusetts</a> realizzato da un nostro cliente, gli ingegneri CRAFT.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"65e75ec6-9518-4a30-bd03-0085c18b0f0f\" data-image-id=\"65e75ec6-9518-4a30-bd03-0085c18b0f0f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d77dda04-b786-40ad-8696-3b7b35eca684/Steel%20to%20timber%20connection.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"65e75ec6-9518-4a30-bd03-0085c18b0f0f\" data-image-id=\"65e75ec6-9518-4a30-bd03-0085c18b0f0f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d8a5ec60-001c-4cc5-85a4-a7a17f3fb457\" data-image-id=\"d8a5ec60-001c-4cc5-85a4-a7a17f3fb457\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e5e277b9-b347-4bbd-9c3c-04ae623d796f/Family%20Home%20in%20Massachusetts%204.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"d8a5ec60-001c-4cc5-85a4-a7a17f3fb457\" data-image-id=\"d8a5ec60-001c-4cc5-85a4-a7a17f3fb457\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n951d3bad_3273_014b_581f_d791559a77ef\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>Type of connection: Double angle cleat connection</p>\n<p>Unit system: Metric</p>\n<p>Designed acc. to: AS 4100</p>\n<p>Investigated: Bolts, base metal</p>\n<p>Plate material: Grade 300</p>\n<p>Bolts: M20 Grade 8.8</p>\n<p>Example taken from: B. Kirke, I.H. Al-Jamel. <em>Steel Structures: Design Manual To AS 4100</em>, 2004 – Chapter 9.4.1.1</p>\n<h2>Geometry</h2>\n<p>Beam UB 406×178×60 is connected to column UC 254×254×89 by two angles L100×6.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"739b038b-e001-46d2-9b14-34dd30946a33\" data-image-id=\"739b038b-e001-46d2-9b14-34dd30946a33\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2ac390b5-7d26-47e0-bc8f-d452cd8bbd6e/DACC1.png\" data-asset-id=\"739b038b-e001-46d2-9b14-34dd30946a33\" data-image-id=\"739b038b-e001-46d2-9b14-34dd30946a33\" alt=\"Double angle cleat connection\"></figure>\n<p>M20 bolts grade 8.8 are selected with the pitch of 70 mm.</p>\n<h2>Applied load</h2>\n<p>The beam is loaded by shear force 190 kN. To be conservative, for the design of bolts at the beam web, the shear force should be at the position of the column face so that the group of bolts is loaded also by bending moment – select forces in position 130 mm. For the design of angles and the group of bolts at the column face, the shear force should be applied at the position of centre of gravity of the bolts at the beam web – select forces in bolts.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"31f3214d-74de-4ce4-b6a7-8d3e9d58213d\" data-image-id=\"31f3214d-74de-4ce4-b6a7-8d3e9d58213d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/479452e0-16b2-42b4-8ef9-911f209cdbb8/DACC3.png\" data-asset-id=\"31f3214d-74de-4ce4-b6a7-8d3e9d58213d\" data-image-id=\"31f3214d-74de-4ce4-b6a7-8d3e9d58213d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Comparison between manual calculation and IDEA StatiCa</h2>\n<p>The results of B. Kirke, I.H. Al-Jamel. <em>Steel Structures: Design Manual To AS 4100</em>, 2004 – Chapter 9.4.1.1 are used as manual calculation.</p>\n<h3>Connection of web of beam</h3>\n<p>The group of bolts are loaded by the shear force 190 kN and bending moment resulting from the distance between the applied load at the face of the column and the centre of gravity of the bolt group at the beam web, 190 kN × 65 mm = 12.35 kNm. The maximum force in bolt was calculated as 71.1 kN. Results of IDEA is in the figure below. The arrows show the reaction of the plate on the bolt force.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5796395a-b10a-4631-ad87-60784bd99f1b\" data-image-id=\"5796395a-b10a-4631-ad87-60784bd99f1b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2f711c7b-28a5-45eb-b89d-742b6fa1e604/DACC5.png\" data-asset-id=\"5796395a-b10a-4631-ad87-60784bd99f1b\" data-image-id=\"5796395a-b10a-4631-ad87-60784bd99f1b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The maximum force is in the bolt B4, each shear plane transfers 36.3 kN, i.e. the whole bolt transfers 2 × 36.3 = 72.6 kN, which closely coincides with the manual calculation.</p>\n<p>The bolt resistances use formulas from AS 4100 so that they coincide perfectly, e.g. the bolt shear resistance check (each shear plane is checked separately):</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e91ee787-9d17-4842-91b7-2cc0c7bbf33d\" data-image-id=\"e91ee787-9d17-4842-91b7-2cc0c7bbf33d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/39290085-2dcc-4244-8fa7-533b3e4293fe/DACC7.png\" data-asset-id=\"e91ee787-9d17-4842-91b7-2cc0c7bbf33d\" data-image-id=\"e91ee787-9d17-4842-91b7-2cc0c7bbf33d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The tearing resistances in manual calculation divides the shear force into components in directions directly towards the ply edge. On the other hand, IDEA StatiCa uses the direction of the vector in the formula. Only the most decisive check is shown for each bolt.</p>\n<p>Bolts in IDEA StatiCa are loaded also by small tensile forces due to the deformation of plates. These forces are neglected in manual calculation.</p>\n<h3>Connection to column flange</h3>\n<p>For the check of bolts at the column flange, the force is applied at the centre of gravity of bolts at the beam web. The bolts are loaded by significant tensile force and this is also decisive for the deformation of the angles. Plastic strain is shown in the figure below. The limit plastic strain is 5 % according to European code EN 1993-1-5.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8120f38d-3107-48a6-b6cb-158c1ff4c4e3\" data-image-id=\"8120f38d-3107-48a6-b6cb-158c1ff4c4e3\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/298b02d5-4d23-4a92-bf61-e03b40b1db8a/DACC8.png\" data-asset-id=\"8120f38d-3107-48a6-b6cb-158c1ff4c4e3\" data-image-id=\"8120f38d-3107-48a6-b6cb-158c1ff4c4e3\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The maximal tensile force is in the upper row of bolts, B8 and B12. Notice the decrease in shear forces of bolts B1–B4 which are loaded only by the shear force and no bending moment. The shear forces in bolts B5–B12 are higher than according to manual calculation: <em>V</em><sub>f</sub>* = 190 / 8 = 23.75 kN. This difference is caused by significant deformation of the angles, which also causes the inclination of shear forces.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f943f443-7d52-4ed4-81e2-54d5c6671181\" data-image-id=\"f943f443-7d52-4ed4-81e2-54d5c6671181\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/49ee0daf-3881-4e1c-aa2f-bee9e373409b/DACC9.png\" data-asset-id=\"f943f443-7d52-4ed4-81e2-54d5c6671181\" data-image-id=\"f943f443-7d52-4ed4-81e2-54d5c6671181\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Joint design resistance</h2>\n<p>The reserve in the load resistance can be seen by the joint design resistance type of analysis. Due to the yielding of angles, the reserve is low. The joint would fail at load factor 103.4 %, i.e. shear force <em>V</em><sub>f</sub>* = 196.5 kN.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0aa1084b-f2ec-4809-a459-5874cb588350\" data-image-id=\"0aa1084b-f2ec-4809-a459-5874cb588350\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d6652ef2-b631-4e70-a6e7-7e93ceeb87d3/DACC11.png\" data-asset-id=\"0aa1084b-f2ec-4809-a459-5874cb588350\" data-image-id=\"0aa1084b-f2ec-4809-a459-5874cb588350\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Stiffness</h2>\n<p>The stiffness of the connection can be determined by setting the type of analysis to \"Stiffness\", setting the beam as the analyzed member, and setting the correct \"Theoretical length\" of analyzed member (usually the beam span, centre to centre of columns). The software calculates the secant stiffness at the set load and the initial stiffness at 2/3 <em>M</em><sub>j,Rd</sub>, up to which the moment–rotation diagram is assumed linear. The joint is classified according to the initial stiffness <em>S</em><sub>j,ini</sub>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ee99f873-2edf-4ca4-a772-64fcf5828730\" data-image-id=\"ee99f873-2edf-4ca4-a772-64fcf5828730\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/39942005-1687-4bfe-8fa4-06d54afa0d1e/DACC12.png\" data-asset-id=\"ee99f873-2edf-4ca4-a772-64fcf5828730\" data-image-id=\"ee99f873-2edf-4ca4-a772-64fcf5828730\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Conclusion</h2>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa Connection provides similar results to the manual calculation. It requires engineering judgement in determining the position of shear load but all checks are performed quickly and automatically. The forces in bolts are affected by the deformation of plates and the difference may be significant if plates are yielding. 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"value": "<h2>Cleat manufacturing operation improvements </h2>\n<p>Cleat connections are popular among designers and engineers for their versatility. There are basically two main improvements in designing of members connected by a cleat. Both are very popular mainly in the US market. </p>\n<ul>\n <li>Any two perpendicular general plates cutting each other can be now connected by a cleat. The same is operation is valid for connecting any general plate with a member plate.</li>\n <li>T-stub cross-section can be used to replace L-shapes in the Cleat manufacturing operation or to connect flanges and webs. Thanks to this, bolted connection types can now be designed faster.</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"30fbaafa-098b-4741-9a59-def1ae83e474\" data-image-id=\"30fbaafa-098b-4741-9a59-def1ae83e474\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1ce94407-6f7a-4433-818e-d5a30041d3fd/cleat%20manufacturing%20operations.png\" data-asset-id=\"30fbaafa-098b-4741-9a59-def1ae83e474\" data-image-id=\"30fbaafa-098b-4741-9a59-def1ae83e474\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Find out more about the cleat manufacturing operations in our <a data-item-id=\"d38df616-7e67-455d-b55c-47f08803f008\" href=\"\">Knowledge base</a>.</p>\n<h2>Notch on a member</h2>\n<p>The notch on a member is another improvement added manufacturing operation added to version 20. </p>\n<p>In the past, when you came across a case of the members' clash, the opening-notches had to be defined manually by the Opening manufacturing operation on the member flanges. This situation was causing an increased quantity of manufacturing operations. </p>\n<p>From now on, the feature Notch can be used whenever it is needed to avoid clashes between column-beam or beam-beam. This feature is implemented to Manufacturing operations End plate, Fin plate, Cleat.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7f516587-44d1-4c01-a0a2-c5f1bcc5e118\" data-image-id=\"7f516587-44d1-4c01-a0a2-c5f1bcc5e118\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e24b565e-edee-4c85-b5e9-0c15d5e557a6/Notch%20on%20a%20member_MainPicture.png\" data-asset-id=\"7f516587-44d1-4c01-a0a2-c5f1bcc5e118\" data-image-id=\"7f516587-44d1-4c01-a0a2-c5f1bcc5e118\" alt=\"Notch on a member\"></figure>\n<p>Find out more about this manufacturing operation in our <a data-item-id=\"f38f8b37-9823-4fe2-81fc-821864469902\" href=\"\">Knowledge base</a>.</p>\n<p>Both above-mentioned improvements are available for the <strong>Expert</strong> and <strong>Enhanced</strong> version of IDEA StatiCa Steel. </p>\n<h2>More about IDEA StatiCa version 20</h2>\n<p>The new version of IDEA StatiCa is the biggest implementation of customer feedback and wishes we have had in years. </p>\n<p>Except for the new online licensing system, version 20 brought a vast amount on improvements for steel connection design. Besides the manufacturing improvements, you can enjoy about <a href=\"\" data-item-id=\"0f93d36d-3e6b-41a8-af16-f25bad7d3811\">110 new connection templates added to the starting wizard</a>, brand new <a href=\"\" data-item-id=\"7e1fa301-759e-4141-933e-ec6eaff7c918\">steel-to-timber connections</a>, or usability improvements thanks to the <a href=\"\" data-item-id=\"71d5abf9-fbb5-419d-94bd-c2752edf272a\">cross-section library favorites</a>. </p>\n<p>We continue with spreading IDEA StatiCa to new regions, that is why the Indian and Hong Kong codes were added to the growing list of supported codes. </p>\n<p>Would you like to see more of the new features? <a href=\"\" data-item-id=\"4ba1aea8-5819-4504-bfc7-717be84625d1\">Read full release notes for Steel </a>or even better – watch the recording of <strong>version 20 introduction webinar</strong>:</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"b59f3caf_e9dd_0174_46e3_00365feafa04\"></object>"
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"value": "<p><em>Note: Connection Browser was renamed to </em><em><strong>Connection Library</strong></em><em> with version 23.0 (April, 2023).</em></p>\n<p>In this webinar, we will show you some of the frequently asked questions about modeling in IDEA StatiCa. During the session 15 modeling tips within different operations (stiffening plate, gusset, cleat, bolt, etc.) will be shared.</p>\n<p>We will also talk about loading position and model type. We will finish up with some Q&A from the audience.</p>\n<p><a data-asset-id=\"523bcec3-0171-498f-8aed-a3395e0145f4\" href=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bcfde793-35dc-4f1f-b5cd-a021a94f4348/Modeling%20tips%20and%20tricks%20PDF.pdf\">Presentation PDF</a></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n7cf90cca_547b_013d_c6ce_c05165676a8f\"></object>\n<p>Here you can see a summary of what was shared in the webinar, we prepared all the tips with screenshots and steps to follow:</p>\n<h2>1. Avoid using offsets</h2>\n<p>The use of offsets should be avoided as they can lead to eccentricities which can produce an extra moment once loads are applied.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"40b28877-db96-4c52-a7cf-3c9146887af0\" data-image-id=\"40b28877-db96-4c52-a7cf-3c9146887af0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/459229b7-28e7-4b89-a3de-d6bbed0e239b/Ofsset%201.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"40b28877-db96-4c52-a7cf-3c9146887af0\" data-image-id=\"40b28877-db96-4c52-a7cf-3c9146887af0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>2. Use operations instead of offsets</h2>\n<p>Some operations (such as shear tab, cleat, end plate, etc.) include the cut operation by default. However, sometimes you need to add a <strong>member cut operation</strong> before applying the mentioned operations.</p>\n<p>Also, there is the option to use <strong>align plates</strong> and locate a member without using offsets, for example, when you have beam to beam joint or 2 different height beams connected to the column.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c4145f38-b3d9-4f24-a1f1-8265fbbfea96\" data-image-id=\"c4145f38-b3d9-4f24-a1f1-8265fbbfea96\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c65e39ef-8ffa-4c73-8c80-095f9af55bb5/Cut%20operation%20Column.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"c4145f38-b3d9-4f24-a1f1-8265fbbfea96\" data-image-id=\"c4145f38-b3d9-4f24-a1f1-8265fbbfea96\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e6432b15-1d0e-4f18-892e-fb315f24e069\" data-image-id=\"e6432b15-1d0e-4f18-892e-fb315f24e069\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/744be5b2-2a0a-495a-a892-6c18316c5bfc/Align%20plates.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"e6432b15-1d0e-4f18-892e-fb315f24e069\" data-image-id=\"e6432b15-1d0e-4f18-892e-fb315f24e069\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e55e6b53-054c-43c1-b1d3-6bdfef8361aa\" data-image-id=\"e55e6b53-054c-43c1-b1d3-6bdfef8361aa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ea9dad7e-f23a-4979-b322-b0622b8dd3f2/Aligned%20plates%202.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"e55e6b53-054c-43c1-b1d3-6bdfef8361aa\" data-image-id=\"e55e6b53-054c-43c1-b1d3-6bdfef8361aa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>3. Model type selection</h2>\n<p>This is a frequent question, which model type should be used for selected members? That means what forces the member is transferring to the system/node and what are their boundary conditions:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Fully fixed member - <strong>N-Vy-Vz-Mx-My-Mz</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"07ec64f5-1401-49f7-969b-ec2785620b6e\" data-image-id=\"07ec64f5-1401-49f7-969b-ec2785620b6e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d6526e53-5958-4552-b990-d6e7364e1562/Fullyfized.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"07ec64f5-1401-49f7-969b-ec2785620b6e\" data-image-id=\"07ec64f5-1401-49f7-969b-ec2785620b6e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Fixed in strong strong axis - <strong>N-Vz-My</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e4b34d19-cefe-47ff-86e7-8d4890cd98c7\" data-image-id=\"e4b34d19-cefe-47ff-86e7-8d4890cd98c7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/6cb2913d-d429-427a-9f4f-34e156d2bfb5/strong.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"e4b34d19-cefe-47ff-86e7-8d4890cd98c7\" data-image-id=\"e4b34d19-cefe-47ff-86e7-8d4890cd98c7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Fixed in weak axis - <strong>N-Vy-Mz</strong></li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8f3cdb77-1ee0-4008-b293-3692b11935d2\" data-image-id=\"8f3cdb77-1ee0-4008-b293-3692b11935d2\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4de3c5f1-cda2-4db5-b816-977cef7dcc4c/weak.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"8f3cdb77-1ee0-4008-b293-3692b11935d2\" data-image-id=\"8f3cdb77-1ee0-4008-b293-3692b11935d2\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Pinned <strong>N-Vy-Vz </strong></li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4dc7f9a0-adea-4531-b69d-2847ba13ec1c\" data-image-id=\"4dc7f9a0-adea-4531-b69d-2847ba13ec1c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/feb60f69-da5e-470a-9d92-22b008079067/Pinned.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"4dc7f9a0-adea-4531-b69d-2847ba13ec1c\" data-image-id=\"4dc7f9a0-adea-4531-b69d-2847ba13ec1c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>4. Using a dxf to create plate geometry</h2>\n<p>When creating a new plate, IDEA StatiCa has the option to bring a design from a <strong>DXF drawing</strong>, following the next instructions the feature can be tested:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7174c2f7-2bba-489d-86ad-47e80e43d0ea\" data-image-id=\"7174c2f7-2bba-489d-86ad-47e80e43d0ea\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b47bcff3-c89e-41ed-a762-e00ad43aaf8b/DXF%20Drawing2.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"7174c2f7-2bba-489d-86ad-47e80e43d0ea\" data-image-id=\"7174c2f7-2bba-489d-86ad-47e80e43d0ea\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>5. Applying gusset plate operation to an existing plate</h2>\n<p>When using a gusset plate operation, the operation itself can create a new plate, but if there is the case that the plate is already in the model, the option of the <strong>existing plate</strong> in the model.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6d09e507-57af-4387-a11f-5d8b3452688d\" data-image-id=\"6d09e507-57af-4387-a11f-5d8b3452688d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2181b853-4b15-4274-837b-0a83ac7e2e31/Gusset%20operation%20-%20existing%20plate.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"6d09e507-57af-4387-a11f-5d8b3452688d\" data-image-id=\"6d09e507-57af-4387-a11f-5d8b3452688d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>6. Using doublers for other situations</h2>\n<p>Stiffening plates can have its origin from the node, member, or plate. The Doubler option helps to locate a new stiffening plate from the face of selected plate. This feature should be used to model <strong>filler plates</strong>, and a <strong>shear plate</strong> from a gusset plate.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"81031dd8-9448-4911-95ec-9753a11925db\" data-image-id=\"81031dd8-9448-4911-95ec-9753a11925db\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/cb7d686a-45e9-4200-aa6e-4e435e70be8c/Filler%20plate-doubles.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"81031dd8-9448-4911-95ec-9753a11925db\" data-image-id=\"81031dd8-9448-4911-95ec-9753a11925db\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ccaceafc-5660-4f94-938c-857fdc004b09\" data-image-id=\"ccaceafc-5660-4f94-938c-857fdc004b09\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/dcdb94fe-ff7e-4abd-9641-d2b4d550e6d6/Shear%20plate%20to%20gusset.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"ccaceafc-5660-4f94-938c-857fdc004b09\" data-image-id=\"ccaceafc-5660-4f94-938c-857fdc004b09\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>7. Start with larger than required plate size and use plate cut operation to align with members, etc..</h2>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c31a2fb5-55c9-4780-ba73-fbea4d6ef176\" data-image-id=\"c31a2fb5-55c9-4780-ba73-fbea4d6ef176\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/87505f71-7f48-44ea-98ff-4818a94f0d40/Cut%20of%20plate.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"c31a2fb5-55c9-4780-ba73-fbea4d6ef176\" data-image-id=\"c31a2fb5-55c9-4780-ba73-fbea4d6ef176\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>8. Bolt grid operation tips</h2>\n<p>When using bolts operation, it is important to select all the plies that the bolts will pass through. Also, when placing items, consider that the first element will be the reference for the placement of bolts. In this example, the longitudinal axis of the bracing member is the reference.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"afb319e7-2317-490e-9340-785da01a1919\" data-image-id=\"afb319e7-2317-490e-9340-785da01a1919\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/090709d2-10cb-47b3-a17e-a992f382cfe8/Bolt%20operation%20items.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"afb319e7-2317-490e-9340-785da01a1919\" data-image-id=\"afb319e7-2317-490e-9340-785da01a1919\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>9. Using the Plate Editor</h2>\n<p>Stiffening plate operation has an editor, where the plate can be edited with sub-operations, in this case, the offset was used to create a ¾ gap between the Gusset and the column:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"43d8cc56-b293-41f6-9a29-34db00fd859e\" data-image-id=\"43d8cc56-b293-41f6-9a29-34db00fd859e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a9437861-32fd-4211-9c88-0a64f9eff131/Offset%20plate.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"43d8cc56-b293-41f6-9a29-34db00fd859e\" data-image-id=\"43d8cc56-b293-41f6-9a29-34db00fd859e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>10. Cleat operation connected to a plate</h2>\n<p>Cleat operation can be assigned to an existing plate that will be connected to a member, as the next example:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8ad0c29d-c8c8-4dce-a4e3-86c16ab5969f\" data-image-id=\"8ad0c29d-c8c8-4dce-a4e3-86c16ab5969f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f6927fba-8941-4a26-ab5c-4fd56a7022a3/Cleat%20operation%20plate%20to%20member.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"8ad0c29d-c8c8-4dce-a4e3-86c16ab5969f\" data-image-id=\"8ad0c29d-c8c8-4dce-a4e3-86c16ab5969f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>11. Stiffening member usage</h2>\n<p>A stiffening member is an operation that helps to add a member in the model to be part of the connection. One of the keys to using a stiffening member is that you can not directly apply load to it. This operation helps in the next examples:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"818e16dd-761a-4640-a109-291fb4f307ab\" data-image-id=\"818e16dd-761a-4640-a109-291fb4f307ab\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/6dca6b4d-7f45-4c38-8db8-8bd6513fe6ca/Stiffening%20member%201.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"818e16dd-761a-4640-a109-291fb4f307ab\" data-image-id=\"818e16dd-761a-4640-a109-291fb4f307ab\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5f4460c7-5869-4f45-bcd0-d237f4e70246\" data-image-id=\"5f4460c7-5869-4f45-bcd0-d237f4e70246\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c4248d59-88c1-47c4-9af8-44712192e91a/Siffening%20member%202.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"5f4460c7-5869-4f45-bcd0-d237f4e70246\" data-image-id=\"5f4460c7-5869-4f45-bcd0-d237f4e70246\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>12. Extended shear tab (load position)</h2>\n<p>Extended shear tabs are a common connection when a beam to a column web needs to be connected. Only four operations are needed to model it, check the next process to learn how to do it:</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"e7284022_6f1f_01f1_991e_ef904d2f7728\"></object>\n<p>Once you finish the modeling, the load position is important for a shear connection, please review the <a data-item-id=\"a25875d5-40c2-5ae8-8919-18016fad28ff\" href=\"\">How to define correct load position</a> article to learn what is the best load position for shear connections.</p>\n<h2>13. Lifting lugs</h2>\n<p>The recommended approach for the lifting lugs model is to model a <strong>stiffening plate</strong> and model the needed shape, then add a new member that will help to apply the load to the lifting lug plate. To connect the member to the stiffening plate a <strong>connecting plate operation</strong> can be used:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f3828d23-fd71-4328-ac15-d54abc28ca5c\" data-image-id=\"f3828d23-fd71-4328-ac15-d54abc28ca5c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ec78924c-033a-4fc7-b270-71aae422c7a7/Lifting%20lug.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"f3828d23-fd71-4328-ac15-d54abc28ca5c\" data-image-id=\"f3828d23-fd71-4328-ac15-d54abc28ca5c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"82ac2e13-176e-4daf-837d-3e2e7f5a5aa9\" data-image-id=\"82ac2e13-176e-4daf-837d-3e2e7f5a5aa9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/dd4d2490-7aa1-42ce-827a-387bea8dd772/Lifting%20lug2.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"82ac2e13-176e-4daf-837d-3e2e7f5a5aa9\" data-image-id=\"82ac2e13-176e-4daf-837d-3e2e7f5a5aa9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>14. Operations order</h2>\n<p>A good tip to keep in mind as building you are building a connection is that only operations above the current operation can be used in the current operation. I know that sounds like a circular sentence, but when you look at the list of operations in a model, you can't add a weld to a plate that is lower in the list. In this case, you need to be sure the plate operation is added and then add the weld. </p>\n<h2>15. Tooltips (plate information and help)</h2>\n<p>Immediate help can be provided when you hover the mouse over inputs or plates of the model:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9b3be8d3-682f-4576-bf3e-3dd2dea2d354\" data-image-id=\"9b3be8d3-682f-4576-bf3e-3dd2dea2d354\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/975d0f66-ea21-4a29-8c3d-5ad0193934af/Hovering%20mouse.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"9b3be8d3-682f-4576-bf3e-3dd2dea2d354\" data-image-id=\"9b3be8d3-682f-4576-bf3e-3dd2dea2d354\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>16. BONUS TIP - Connection Browser (selection option)</h2>\n<p>Connection browser helps to re-use previous designs that the user published previously in their private or company data set. However, sometimes the user only has templates for just two members that are part of the full model, so, the selection option can be used to just bring templates for those 2 members and then build the rest of the connection, either from scratch or again using the selection option:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ce7d3e56-d304-449a-a117-d040dc9e9419\" data-image-id=\"ce7d3e56-d304-449a-a117-d040dc9e9419\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/89a1138b-3691-43f8-bec8-b9a5e7d7bf56/Connection%20browser%20select.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"ce7d3e56-d304-449a-a117-d040dc9e9419\" data-image-id=\"ce7d3e56-d304-449a-a117-d040dc9e9419\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>Webinar recording</h3>"
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"value": "<h2>Modello di bullone secondo CBFEM</h2>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa ha un metodo unico nel suo solutore, il <a data-item-id=\"6e068636-6a02-5d0e-89ad-6dcff4e21151\" href=\"\">Component-based Finite Element Method (CBFEM)</a>. Il modello di bullone utilizzato nel CBFEM è descritto e verificato in base a diversi codici di progettazione dell'acciaio. La resistenza al carico e la capacità di deformazione sono inoltre confrontate con i principali programmi di ricerca sperimentale.</p>\n<p>Nel Metodo agli Elementi Finiti Basato sui Componenti (CBFEM), il bullone, con il suo comportamento in trazione, taglio e appoggio, è il componente descritto da molle non lineari dipendenti. Il bullone in trazione è descritto dalla molla con la sua rigidezza assiale iniziale, la resistenza di progetto, l'inizializzazione dello snervamento e la capacità di deformazione. Per l'inizializzazione dello snervamento e la capacità di deformazione, si assume che la deformazione plastica avvenga solo nella parte filettata del gambo del bullone.</p>\n<p>Nel nostro Approfondimento teorico, potete trovare <a data-item-id=\"c2cc67f3-4000-4959-a195-b28becf63f2a\" href=\"\">maggiori informazioni su come il metodo CBFEM descrive e verifica i bulloni</a>. Se volete saperne di più sul CBFEM in generale, il <a data-item-id=\"d4aa2923-a94a-4c40-8fd8-93608acbf893\" href=\"\">background teorico generale</a> completo è sicuramente il punto di partenza migliore.</p>\n<h2>Bulloni secondo i codici di progettazione</h2>\n<p>Vediamo come il CBFEM affronta i bulloni dal punto di vista dei singoli codici di progettazione. Finora IDEA StatiCa supporta otto codici di progettazione in cui si risolve la progettazione e/o il dettaglio di bulloni e bulloni precaricati.</p>\n<h3>Verifica di bulloni e bulloni precaricati secondo l'Eurocodice</h3>\n<p>La rigidezza iniziale e la resistenza di progetto dei bulloni a taglio sono modellate in CBFEM secondo i cl. 3.6 e 6.3.2 della norma EN 1993-1-8. La molla che rappresenta l'appoggio e la tensione ha un valore di riferimento per i bulloni precaricati. La molla che rappresenta l'appoggio e la tensione ha un comportamento bi-lineare di forza-deformazione con una rigidità iniziale e una resistenza di progetto secondo le Cl. 3.6 e 6.3.2 della norma EN 1993-1-8.</p>\n<p><strong>Dettaglio</strong></p>\n<p>La verifica dei bulloni viene eseguita se l'opzione è selezionata nell'impostazione del codice. Vengono controllate le dimensioni dal centro del bullone ai bordi della piastra e tra i bulloni. La distanza tra i bordi <em>e</em> = 1,2 e la distanza tra i bulloni p <em>=</em> 2,2 sono raccomandate nella Tabella 3.3 della norma EN 1993-1-8. L'utente può modificare entrambi i valori nella configurazione del codice. Gli utenti possono modificare entrambi i valori nell'impostazione del codice.</p>\n<h3>Verifica dei bulloni e dei bulloni precaricati secondo AISC</h3>\n<p>Le forze nei bulloni sono determinate dall'analisi agli elementi finiti. Le forze di trazione includono le forze di spinta. Le resistenze dei bulloni sono verificate secondo la norma AISC 360 - Capitolo J3.</p>\n<p><strong>Dettagli</strong></p>\n<p>Viene verificata la distanza minima tra i bulloni e la distanza tra il centro del bullone e un bordo di una parte collegata. La distanza minima di 2,66 volte (modificabile nell'impostazione del Codice) il diametro nominale dei bulloni tra i centri dei bulloni è verificata in base alla norma AISC 360-16 - J.3.3. La distanza minima tra il centro del bullone e un bordo di una parte collegata è verificata in base alla norma AISC 360-16 - J.3.4; i valori sono riportati nelle tabelle J3.4 e J3.4M.</p>\n<h3>Verifica dei bulloni e dei bulloni precaricati in base ad altre norme</h3>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-and-preloaded-bolts-according-to-cisc\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Verifica dei bulloni e dei bulloni precaricati secondo CISC (Canada)</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-and-preloaded-bolts-according-to-chinese-standard\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Verifica dei bulloni e dei bulloni precaricati secondo lo standard cinese (GB)</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-according-to-hong-kong-code\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Verifica dei bulloni secondo il Codice di Hong Kong (HKG)</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-according-to-is-800\">Verifica dei bulloni precaricati secondo la norma IS 800 (India)</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-and-preloaded-bolts-according-to-sp\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Verifica dei bulloni e dei bulloni precaricati secondo SP (Russia)</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/check-of-bolts-and-preloaded-bolts-according-to-as\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Verifica di bulloni e bulloni precaricati secondo AS (Australia)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Dettaglio dei bulloni</h2>\n<p><strong>Come impostare le distanze</strong></p>\n<p>Le distanze dai bordi utilizzate per la resistenza dei bulloni devono essere rilevanti per le geometrie generali delle piastre, per le piastre con aperture, ritagli, ecc.</p>\n<p>L'algoritmo legge la direzione reale del vettore della forza di taglio risultante in un determinato bullone e calcola quindi le distanze necessarie per la verifica del cuscinetto.</p>\n<p>Le distanze dall'estremità<em>(</em><sub>e1</sub>) e dal bordo<em>(</em><sub>e2</sub>) sono determinate dividendo il contorno della piastra in tre segmenti. Il segmento finale è indicato da un intervallo di 60° nella direzione del vettore forza. I segmenti del bordo sono definiti da due intervalli di 65° perpendicolari al vettore forza. La distanza più breve tra un bullone e un segmento rilevante viene considerata come distanza di estremità o di bordo.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" data-image-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c166c28a-3f8f-4d50-99ba-857ed9b01e6c/Bolt%20bearing%20distances%201.png\" data-asset-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" data-image-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Le distanze tra i fori dei bulloni<em>(</em><sub>p1</sub>; <sub>p2</sub>) sono determinate ingrandendo virtualmente i fori dei bulloni circostanti di metà del loro diametro, quindi tracciando due linee in direzione e perpendicolari al vettore della forza di taglio. Le distanze dai fori allargati intersecati da queste linee vengono considerate come <sub>p1</sub> e <sub>p2</sub> nel calcolo.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" data-image-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b8152921-f220-412f-81de-8c8c83d7e2c2/Bolt%20bearing%20distances%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" data-image-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Esempi di verifica</h2>\n<p>Abbiamo preparato diversi esempi di verifica per controllare i risultati rispetto ad altri metodi di calcolo.</p>\n<h4>EN</h4>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/bolted-connection-splices-in-shear\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connessione bullonata - Giunzioni a taglio</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/bolted-connection-interaction-of-shear-and-tension\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connessione bullonata - Interazione di taglio e trazione</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/haunched-joint-capacity-design\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Giunto ad arco - Progettazione in capacità</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h4>AISC</h4>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/bolted-splice-connection\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connessione bullonata a giunzione</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/bolted-flange-plate-moment-connection-lrfd\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connessione a momento bullonata a piastra flangiata - LRFD</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/extended-moment-end-plate-connection-asd\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connessione a momento esteso a piastra terminale - ASD</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Tecnologia brevettata per gli ingegneri strutturali</h2>\n<p>Sapete che il nostro modello di bullone fa parte di un brevetto statunitense? Leggete <a data-item-id=\"627bdc92-14f2-416a-b7ef-7df116ea3e73\" href=\"\">qui</a> la nostra storia di successo.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2546f7fb-18b9-4671-8e1b-238a6ec1b0e9\" data-image-id=\"2546f7fb-18b9-4671-8e1b-238a6ec1b0e9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a0abb5ad-7dba-4687-bfd8-e64fa9c03512/756213100-huge.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"2546f7fb-18b9-4671-8e1b-238a6ec1b0e9\" data-image-id=\"2546f7fb-18b9-4671-8e1b-238a6ec1b0e9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Un giunto a bullone - la nostra soluzione</h2>\n<p>A volte l'ingegnere ha bisogno di realizzare un <strong>giunto con un solo bullone</strong>, soprattutto se è prevista una cerniera, un rinforzo, un'asta o una diagonale. Per modellare e calcolare questo tipo di operazione, è necessario definire un <strong>tipo di modello</strong> appropriato per l'elemento. Per saperne di più, leggete <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/how-to-model-one-bolt-connection\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">qui</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cca7ed64-cf29-48bd-bb61-96c49f4f1285\" data-image-id=\"cca7ed64-cf29-48bd-bb61-96c49f4f1285\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/edfb27a5-88b9-4f39-ac2b-bd319f37ee29/Model%20type%200.png\" data-asset-id=\"cca7ed64-cf29-48bd-bb61-96c49f4f1285\" data-image-id=\"cca7ed64-cf29-48bd-bb61-96c49f4f1285\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Bulloni, saldature e rigidità di un giunto</h2>\n<p>Sia i bulloni che le saldature presentano vantaggi e svantaggi. Uno degli aspetti importanti nella scelta di un giunto è la sua rigidità prevista. In generale, un giunto bullonato non è mai rigido come un giunto saldato. Se si sceglie una connessione con bulloni, si consiglia di calcolare la rigidità di tale connessione e di tenere conto della rigidità risultante nella struttura complessiva. Potete leggere <a data-item-id=\"6726bbc6-1826-4c43-9253-b8f6e0ab39a9\" href=\"\">qui</a> come si presenta un calcolo di questo tipo e cosa comporta, oppure guardare questo <a data-item-id=\"ab4c1281-d0ce-5c97-95ef-3c369206d272\" href=\"\">video</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3ad5d43d-0568-4816-837a-543530a44c5c\" data-image-id=\"3ad5d43d-0568-4816-837a-543530a44c5c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d43f402a-8463-4e51-b040-bcbadaaab500/stiffness.png\" data-asset-id=\"3ad5d43d-0568-4816-837a-543530a44c5c\" data-image-id=\"3ad5d43d-0568-4816-837a-543530a44c5c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"untitled_content_item_a1697b4\"></object>"
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"value": "<h2>Background teorico</h2>\n<p>Leggi le informazioni essenziali sul modello di saldatura nel nostro Background teorico. La parte generale descrive il modello computazionale stesso:</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/general-theoretical-background#Welded_connections_analysis\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Background teorico: Analisi delle connessioni saldate</a></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"455c8fb8-27c8-4c3e-ab28-341376c03fa3\" data-image-id=\"455c8fb8-27c8-4c3e-ab28-341376c03fa3\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a62801a2-1d6a-4743-8627-e232e90e69d9/Structural%20design%20of%20a%20steel%20connection%20-%20Plate%20model%20and%20mesh%20convergence%201200%20x%20630.png\" data-asset-id=\"455c8fb8-27c8-4c3e-ab28-341376c03fa3\" data-image-id=\"455c8fb8-27c8-4c3e-ab28-341376c03fa3\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Parti specifiche del Background teorico per ciascuno degli standard nazionali supportati:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"df238e7d-f2f3-4b2a-beec-3b7e8f11651e\" href=\"\">Verifica delle saldature (EN)</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"6a4c43f3-4910-44fa-9a88-a9f70967f647\" href=\"\">Verifica delle saldature (AISC)</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"cb00295b-bfcf-4c0f-8743-8532e311ca7b\" href=\"\">Verifica delle saldature (CISC)</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"538b8bcb-f287-4259-b4e2-787c9792c367\" href=\"\">Verifica delle saldature (AS)</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"5d152fe4-3e0b-4905-b4d2-56dd1e255416\" href=\"\">Verifica delle saldature (IS)</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"e301fcc8-cc43-42a4-8480-8a72357cd91f\" href=\"\">Verifica delle saldature (HKG)</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"0e848bd9-17f2-4448-83de-33c5b19bbde8\" href=\"\">Verifica delle saldature (GB)</a></li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"dad4f217-a192-41c1-bd71-6b540978346e\" href=\"\">Verifica delle saldature (SP)</a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>Una chiara dimostrazione di come si sviluppano le tensioni durante il carico e della distribuzione delle sollecitazioni lungo le saldature è riportata nell'articolo <a data-item-id=\"1bfd3251-61f8-5fec-b5a4-08d1a6fe5b5f\" href=\"\">Come vengono modellate le saldature in IDEA StatiCa</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8c940183-360c-484a-ab14-dcfdcfbbd29b\" data-image-id=\"8c940183-360c-484a-ab14-dcfdcfbbd29b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9e3dc390-df9d-4ee5-a959-7c4cfa9aca3b/welds_distr.png\" data-asset-id=\"8c940183-360c-484a-ab14-dcfdcfbbd29b\" data-image-id=\"8c940183-360c-484a-ab14-dcfdcfbbd29b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Inoltre, le saldature e le connessioni saldate sono discusse nei nostri articoli del blog <a data-item-id=\"de840e15-4e8e-4a27-8715-b8f27e643682\" href=\"\">Connessioni saldate in acciaio - preoccuparsi o non preoccuparsi?</a> e <a data-item-id=\"3caa8db0-05d2-4ae4-9175-763a14f01252\" href=\"\">Ridurre i costi delle saldature migliorando la fabbricazione</a> (dove viene discussa una combinazione di trasferimento del carico attraverso una saldatura e di contatto in compressione).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"eb79d5c6-d879-4afb-a5c1-5df03982810a\" data-image-id=\"eb79d5c6-d879-4afb-a5c1-5df03982810a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2a16ecdf-f660-47b6-bb32-9b9aeecf3314/6.png\" data-asset-id=\"eb79d5c6-d879-4afb-a5c1-5df03982810a\" data-image-id=\"eb79d5c6-d879-4afb-a5c1-5df03982810a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Dimensioni e lunghezza della saldatura</h2>\n<p>Esistono diversi modi per definire le dimensioni della saldatura, a seconda della regione. Leggi l'articolo <a data-item-id=\"8af403c6-c098-56ce-96ee-3daaeaf4639e\" href=\"\">Dimensioni e lunghezza della saldatura</a> per scoprire come IDEA StatiCa definisce le dimensioni della saldatura o se avete bisogno di conoscere la lunghezza esatta della saldatura:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"291e03d6-32ca-40af-903f-3620de689301\" data-image-id=\"291e03d6-32ca-40af-903f-3620de689301\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/67cc32f0-0506-4cdf-9637-0bc86dfefa54/Weld%20size.png\" data-asset-id=\"291e03d6-32ca-40af-903f-3620de689301\" data-image-id=\"291e03d6-32ca-40af-903f-3620de689301\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Verifiche</h2>\n<p>Nel nostro Support Center sono disponibili numerosi studi di verifica che descrivono le prestazioni di diversi modelli di connessioni saldate e i confronti con le prove di laboratorio.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/search?category=verification_example&q=weld\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Studi di verifica su modelli con saldature</a></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5acc5b19-3a08-4b30-8dca-6793bcfd19a7\" data-image-id=\"5acc5b19-3a08-4b30-8dca-6793bcfd19a7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/47ea3d3f-dff3-49c7-8e5f-5abab34e343d/04-1-fig7.png\" data-asset-id=\"5acc5b19-3a08-4b30-8dca-6793bcfd19a7\" data-image-id=\"5acc5b19-3a08-4b30-8dca-6793bcfd19a7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Aggiornamenti nelle versioni</h2>\n<p>Le seguenti funzionalità fanno parte delle nostre note di rilascio di IDEA StatiCa e possono essere correlate alle saldature. Per ulteriori informazioni sulle caratteristiche, consultare gli articoli dedicati sotto i link:</p>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"c1adb56e-c715-4213-b637-bc94b8f84def\" href=\"\"><strong>Controllo delle saldature mancanti</strong></a><strong> </strong>(versione 20.1)</p>\n<p>Abbiamo aggiunto un altro utile strumento per aiutare automaticamente l'utente a trovare le parti non saldate della connessione: l'utility per analizzare un modello di connessione alla ricerca di saldature potenzialmente mancanti.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"450a4d6a-d571-4297-a195-63e33fdd30bc\" data-image-id=\"450a4d6a-d571-4297-a195-63e33fdd30bc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/12b10280-2125-44a3-b60e-6031f87a3e03/Missing%20welds.png\" data-asset-id=\"450a4d6a-d571-4297-a195-63e33fdd30bc\" data-image-id=\"450a4d6a-d571-4297-a195-63e33fdd30bc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"d38299a4-0ea1-44c0-bf31-c2b61ad0d63b\" href=\"\"><strong>Importazione delle saldature consigliate</strong></a> (versione 20.1)</p>\n<p>Quando si importa una connessione da un software CAD, è ora disponibile un'opzione per aggiungere le saldature consigliate.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"66cc6cf4-0454-4973-80d1-c036df7af58d\" data-image-id=\"66cc6cf4-0454-4973-80d1-c036df7af58d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e38caf39-0947-4aff-be81-7d3eb57ada99/Screenshot%202020-10-05%20122254.png\" data-asset-id=\"66cc6cf4-0454-4973-80d1-c036df7af58d\" data-image-id=\"66cc6cf4-0454-4973-80d1-c036df7af58d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"040fcb75-d544-4d75-bc49-182d150177d7\" href=\"\"><strong>Modello aggiornato delle saldature di testa </strong></a><strong> </strong>(versione 20.1)</p>\n<p>Le dimensioni delle saldature di testa sono state corrette per le saldature di testa da bordo a superficie.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"401d916b-5fa2-4561-9051-9a6544652cea\" data-image-id=\"401d916b-5fa2-4561-9051-9a6544652cea\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/20b7b61e-2508-4f74-9c1e-355619627e82/Butt%20welds%20upgraded%20model.png\" data-asset-id=\"401d916b-5fa2-4561-9051-9a6544652cea\" data-image-id=\"401d916b-5fa2-4561-9051-9a6544652cea\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"6a1966e1-7905-4ced-a002-c8f568072d4c\" href=\"\"><strong>Specifiche delle verifiche delle saldature secondo l'Eurocodice (EN) e la norma indiana (IS)</strong></a><strong> </strong>(versione 21.1)</p>\n<p>Per conformarsi alle norme e per garantire la sicurezza del progetto, il valore di resistenza considerato nella verifica delle saldature è stato calcolato ex novo a partire dal valore di resistenza dell'acciaio madre per le norme EN e IS e dal materiale della saldatura stessa.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5062c6bd-0e2b-4f50-817b-0540cb5d686d\" data-image-id=\"5062c6bd-0e2b-4f50-817b-0540cb5d686d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/59c4504e-b3b9-4dc2-8b14-4f121a23e1c3/Welds1.png\" data-asset-id=\"5062c6bd-0e2b-4f50-817b-0540cb5d686d\" data-image-id=\"5062c6bd-0e2b-4f50-817b-0540cb5d686d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"ddfe7eda-4125-461a-b0f1-90de133d5cc6\" href=\"\"><strong>Combinazione di operazioni di saldatura e contatto</strong></a><strong> </strong>(versione 22.1)</p>\n<p>Dalla versione 22.1 è possibile combinare le operazioni di saldatura e contatto.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e5be481f-5e66-43a8-8573-fdbc4d74a541\" data-image-id=\"e5be481f-5e66-43a8-8573-fdbc4d74a541\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4dd4d3e4-77f0-4c14-9801-e9183f26cca6/WaC.png\" data-asset-id=\"e5be481f-5e66-43a8-8573-fdbc4d74a541\" data-image-id=\"e5be481f-5e66-43a8-8573-fdbc4d74a541\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"102a323e-f663-4c3a-8a1e-1c95edec23c6\" href=\"\"><strong>Verifica dell'interferenza tra piastra e saldatura</strong></a><strong> </strong>(versione 22.1)</p>\n<p>Le piastre e le parti del modello possono essere posizionate in modo da entrare in collisione con altre piastre e membrature</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b2f8fc0a-893b-4d9a-8648-092ef3a5e88b\" data-image-id=\"b2f8fc0a-893b-4d9a-8648-092ef3a5e88b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d631a548-e7ca-4f84-a3c1-5c0207280cc0/clash3.png\" data-asset-id=\"b2f8fc0a-893b-4d9a-8648-092ef3a5e88b\" data-image-id=\"b2f8fc0a-893b-4d9a-8648-092ef3a5e88b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"d0b2eca2-e40d-4ac8-bf4e-d2d0f8e09fbf\" href=\"\"><strong>Verifica delle saldature di sezioni saldate</strong></a><strong> </strong>(versione 23.0)</p>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa è in grado di verificare le saldature longitudinali di elementi con sezioni saldate.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"388ba76a-be74-4fed-b0bb-9d7000ba1cad\" data-image-id=\"388ba76a-be74-4fed-b0bb-9d7000ba1cad\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b60903c8-dc26-4604-bc81-96d35d003afb/Welded-sections%200.png\" data-asset-id=\"388ba76a-be74-4fed-b0bb-9d7000ba1cad\" data-image-id=\"388ba76a-be74-4fed-b0bb-9d7000ba1cad\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b4706514-8348-4710-918e-fd6b6e80c5f5\" href=\"\"><strong>Miglioramento della visualizzazione delle verifiche delle saldature</strong></a> (versione 23.0)</p>\n<p>La verifica delle saldature con il metodo degli elementi finiti è diversa dai calcoli di progettazione tradizionali. Nei calcoli tradizionali, piccole eccentricità, deformazioni, torsioni, coefficiente di Poisson, ecc. possono essere trascurati.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8f86157e-4555-4525-aff0-fb388b0d718f\" data-image-id=\"8f86157e-4555-4525-aff0-fb388b0d718f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/172ca452-c56d-40ca-afc4-9dc406734d70/weldchecktable.png\" data-asset-id=\"8f86157e-4555-4525-aff0-fb388b0d718f\" data-image-id=\"8f86157e-4555-4525-aff0-fb388b0d718f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"5f4c7d1f-5145-4fa0-a9bf-535808187857\" href=\"\"><strong>Miglioramento dei dettagli per bulloni e saldature nell'Eurocodice</strong></a> (versione 23.0)</p>\n<p>Il controllo dei dettagli in IDEA StatiCa Connection è stato migliorato. Gli ingegneri possono avere una migliore visione d'insieme della progettazione e della verifica del codice di bulloni e saldature grazie alle informazioni approfondite e alle raccomandazioni secondo l'Eurocodice fornite nelle tabelle di verifica e nella relazione.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6dca1495-d3ba-4128-84fc-1b5d279d3440\" data-image-id=\"6dca1495-d3ba-4128-84fc-1b5d279d3440\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9e0a6490-1e33-44fa-ab30-1247a201de0f/Detailing%20improvements_main%20image.png\" data-asset-id=\"6dca1495-d3ba-4128-84fc-1b5d279d3440\" data-image-id=\"6dca1495-d3ba-4128-84fc-1b5d279d3440\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b4706514-8348-4710-918e-fd6b6e80c5f5\" href=\"\"><strong>Elettrodi di saldatura definiti dall'utente</strong></a> (versione 23.1)</p>\n<p>Il materiale di saldatura è un elemento modificabile nella <a data-item-id=\"898f72ce-7360-54a8-95b1-9b26a8d16346\" href=\"\">MPRL (Material and Product Range Library)</a>. Ciò significa che è possibile definire gli elettrodi di saldatura indipendentemente dal tipo di acciaio delle lamiere collegate.</p>\n<p>Per aggiungere un materiale di saldatura definito dall'utente, accedere alla scheda <strong>Materiali</strong>, aggiungere un materiale <strong>di saldatura </strong>e <strong>modificarne</strong> le proprietà.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"552c02a6-a54a-4149-83e2-d0c17d78561f\" data-image-id=\"552c02a6-a54a-4149-83e2-d0c17d78561f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/13eae981-ca17-401d-b1c8-7da0416d207e/Welds%20-%20autodesign%2C%20input%2C%20warnings%2C%20visualization1.png\" data-asset-id=\"552c02a6-a54a-4149-83e2-d0c17d78561f\" data-image-id=\"552c02a6-a54a-4149-83e2-d0c17d78561f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b4706514-8348-4710-918e-fd6b6e80c5f5\" href=\"\"><strong>Saldatura generale evidenziata nella scena 3D</strong></a> (versione 23.1)</p>\n<p>È stato apportato un semplice miglioramento alla scena 3D dell'applicazione Connessione per migliorare l'orientamento, soprattutto nei modelli di connessione più grandi importati tramite collegamenti BIM da applicazioni CAD.</p>\n<p>Quando si seleziona una <strong>saldatura generale o un'operazione di contatto</strong>, la saldatura nella scena 3D è evidenziata in arancione (per impostazione predefinita).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c1e8146a-47c2-4147-9c75-5ae4e738622d\" data-image-id=\"c1e8146a-47c2-4147-9c75-5ae4e738622d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ae2aa532-e36b-4125-a8b6-80015ebb8df3/Welds%20-%20autodesign%2C%20input%2C%20warnings%2C%20visualization10.png\" data-asset-id=\"c1e8146a-47c2-4147-9c75-5ae4e738622d\" data-image-id=\"c1e8146a-47c2-4147-9c75-5ae4e738622d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b4706514-8348-4710-918e-fd6b6e80c5f5\" href=\"\"><strong>Avviso per elettrodi più forti delle piastre</strong></a> (versione 23.1)</p>\n<p>Quando il <a data-item-id=\"5f4c7d1f-5145-4fa0-a9bf-535808187857\" href=\"\"><strong>controllodei dettagli</strong></a><strong> </strong>è attivato nell'<strong>impostazione del codice</strong> dell'applicazione Connection, gli utenti ricevono un avviso se il materiale dell'elettrodo di saldatura è più forte delle piastre saldate. Ciò contribuisce a garantire gli standard di sicurezza del progetto.</p>\n<p>Ciò si applica all'Eurocodice (EN) e alla norma indiana (IS), che contengono clausole che definiscono che la resistenza della saldatura è determinata dalla minore resistenza ultima delle piastre collegate e che richiedono che il materiale aggiunto degli elettrodi di saldatura sia più forte del materiale madre (EN 1993-1-8 - 4.5.3.2 e IS 800:2007 - 10.5.7.1.1).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bab985b6-6e6b-48eb-bff9-63acd1d8f859\" data-image-id=\"bab985b6-6e6b-48eb-bff9-63acd1d8f859\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e467c86d-22ea-47de-b048-7c2265a63cda/Welds%20-%20autodesign%2C%20input%2C%20warnings%2C%20visualization11.png\" data-asset-id=\"bab985b6-6e6b-48eb-bff9-63acd1d8f859\" data-image-id=\"bab985b6-6e6b-48eb-bff9-63acd1d8f859\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"139d124d-d3e0-463d-979a-86ae271d3e81\" href=\"\"><strong>Avvertenze per le saldature e i bulloni che collegano le stesse piastre</strong></a> (versione 23.1)</p>\n<p>La progettazione di connessioni che combinano saldature e bulloni o bulloni e bulloni precaricati non è sicura e non è consentita dai codici. L'applicazione Connessioni informa automaticamente l'utente se in un progetto viene utilizzato un flusso di lavoro di questo tipo, per garantire una progettazione corretta e sicura.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1cbe1a11-db46-4da7-ab2b-2f541984db0a\" data-image-id=\"1cbe1a11-db46-4da7-ab2b-2f541984db0a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f7b68cff-d260-4f8a-8ab2-048893e63b39/Bolts%20and%20welds_warning%20message.png\" data-asset-id=\"1cbe1a11-db46-4da7-ab2b-2f541984db0a\" data-image-id=\"1cbe1a11-db46-4da7-ab2b-2f541984db0a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"0248496a-4acc-4b33-8842-4afe0bd9e802\" href=\"\"><strong>Autoprogetto delle saldature per duttilità/completa resistenza/sovraresitenza</strong></a> (versione 24.0)</p>\n<p>Il dimensionamento automatico delle saldature elimina la noiosa e lunga fase di inserimento e verifica manuale di ogni saldatura. Grazie all'algoritmo di automazione, IDEA StatiCa consente una modellazione più rapida e una progettazione assolutamente sicura delle connessioni saldate.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"69d70cd1-f9f7-47d5-8b4d-8226620d5ec9\" data-image-id=\"69d70cd1-f9f7-47d5-8b4d-8226620d5ec9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/202ed4a2-278b-466c-b2d2-47023adfa727/Weld%20sizing%20to%20ductility1.png\" data-asset-id=\"69d70cd1-f9f7-47d5-8b4d-8226620d5ec9\" data-image-id=\"69d70cd1-f9f7-47d5-8b4d-8226620d5ec9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"b5fdc985-c8bd-41af-abf8-d6722fc84d43\" href=\"\"><strong>Dimensionamento automatico delle saldature per la stima della capacità</strong></a> (versione 24.0)</p>\n<p>Il dimensionamento automatico delle saldature affronta la sfida della regolazione manuale delle dimensioni di ciascuna saldatura, che è noiosa e richiede molto tempo. Automatizzando questa operazione, IDEA StatiCa aiuta in modo significativo a velocizzare il processo di progettazione e favorisce una maggiore coerenza dei progetti di saldatura.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0b97f49e-f205-43ee-b5de-00b203e18a3a\" data-image-id=\"0b97f49e-f205-43ee-b5de-00b203e18a3a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/139beb9e-2e4e-4581-8a6b-e076578371d0/Weld%20sizing%20to%20capacity%20estimation1.png\" data-asset-id=\"0b97f49e-f205-43ee-b5de-00b203e18a3a\" data-image-id=\"0b97f49e-f205-43ee-b5de-00b203e18a3a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"d65d8320-3860-4fbc-984c-a73163766798\" href=\"\"><strong>Saldature a scanalatura a penetrazione parziale del giunto (PJP)</strong></a><strong> </strong>(versione 24.0)</p>\n<p>L'integrazione delle saldature a penetrazione parziale del giunto (PJP) all'interno delle linee guida AISC in IDEA StatiCa Connection risponde ai requisiti specifici stabiliti dall'AISC per le saldature di testa PJP, distinti da quelli per le saldature di raccordo.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d6fde932-e78a-4406-835a-8ff0ea82666c\" data-image-id=\"d6fde932-e78a-4406-835a-8ff0ea82666c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d8a95f95-4aa5-4b9e-9b51-d58130c4afab/Partial%20Joint%20Penetration%20%28PJP%29%20groove%20weld.png\" data-asset-id=\"d6fde932-e78a-4406-835a-8ff0ea82666c\" data-image-id=\"d6fde932-e78a-4406-835a-8ff0ea82666c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>Avvertenze relative agli elementi di saldatura (versione 24.1)</h3>\n<p>Esistono due tipi di avvertenze incorporate:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>'Weld type changed to Butt weld due to edge connection' (cambio del tipo di saldatura causato da un'azione di modellazione)</li>\n <li>'La saldatura non è stata creata a causa di restrizioni geometriche' (che copre situazioni in cui le imprecisioni nella geometria causano una creazione non riuscita della saldatura).</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>Webinar e video</h2>\n<p>In passato abbiamo tenuto diversi webinar sulla modellazione delle connessioni saldate. Potete trovare ispirazione nelle seguenti registrazioni:</p>\n<h4>Saldature e bulloni in IDEA StatiCa (AISC)</h4>\n<p>La <a data-item-id=\"b8ee28ec-bc18-4a92-8c48-5e922b160899\" href=\"\">sessione del webinar</a> illustra la teoria dei bulloni e delle saldature e come vengono modellati in IDEA StatiCa. Verranno inoltre illustrate in dettaglio le operazioni di questi due componenti e alcuni suggerimenti. Infine, verrà spiegata l'interpretazione dei risultati e le formule utilizzate per verificare la conformità ai requisiti AISC.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n82366d3c_a6de_0151_5c60_75a558cc3266\"></object>\n<h4>Comprendere i risultati delle saldature per l'Eurocodice</h4>\n<p>La tabella dettagliata con i risultati può essere vista in tutte le formule, anche con i valori. Vengono fornite anche le sollecitazioni direzionali. L'utilizzo della saldatura è evidente. Ma l'utilizzo complessivo Utc è calcolato in base alla capacità dell'intera saldatura. Verificate come funziona.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n5df531f6_b1e1_0152_bfd6_163c50e3fad9\"></object>\n<h4>È possibile trovare una corrispondenza tra le tensioni della saldatura e i miei calcoli manuali?</h4>\n<p>La tensione in una saldatura viene calcolata nelle direzioni principali in base all'EC e i risultati vengono forniti nelle schede dei risultati. Sebbene l'analisi in IDEA StatiCa Connection sia basata sul CBFEM, in casi semplici è possibile confrontare le sollecitazioni con i calcoli manuali per verificare i valori risultanti.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n1782160b_660b_0118_660f_5596f0d8a5b2\"></object>\n<h4>Impostazione delle saldature di raccordo tra anima di un SHS e una superficie della piastra</h4>\n<p>Le sezioni cave e soprattutto gli angoli curvi delle loro sezioni trasversali sono talvolta difficili da gestire per quanto riguarda le saldature, ecc. Vediamo come impostare correttamente una semplice saldatura di raccordo su entrambi i lati di un elemento SHS, insieme ai suoi angoli che devono essere collegati alla superficie di una piastra.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n811eae43_c6a1_0135_25fb_c5d52191bbdb\"></object>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n29744e2a_c2f7_0180_8280_6adb353fccd5\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>Per la modellazione del contatto tra piastre si raccomanda il metodo di penalità standard. Se viene rilevata la penetrazione di un nodo in una superficie di contatto opposta, viene aggiunta una rigidezza di penalità tra il nodo e la piastra opposta. La rigidezza di penalità è controllata da un algoritmo euristico durante l'iterazione non lineare per ottenere una migliore convergenza. Il solutore rileva automaticamente il punto di penetrazione e risolve la distribuzione della forza di contatto tra il nodo in penetrazione e i nodi della piastra opposta. Permette di creare contatti tra diverse mesh, come mostrato. Il vantaggio del metodo di penalità è l'assemblaggio automatico del modello. Il contatto tra piastre ha un impatto importante sulla ridistribuzione delle forze nella connessione.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"636a0d8a-150f-43a6-89a2-fc32d594385b\" data-image-id=\"636a0d8a-150f-43a6-89a2-fc32d594385b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c1c19e97-c73b-4e5c-b40e-1655f9e9d1d3/Structural%20design%20of%20a%20steel%20connection%20-%20Contacts%20between%20plates.png\" data-asset-id=\"636a0d8a-150f-43a6-89a2-fc32d594385b\" data-image-id=\"636a0d8a-150f-43a6-89a2-fc32d594385b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Esempio di separazione di piastre a contatto tra l'anima e le ali di due arcarecci con sezione a Z sovrapposti</em></p>\n<p>È possibile aggiungere un contatto tra</p>\n<ul>\n <li>due superfici,</li>\n <li>due bordi,</li>\n <li>bordo e superficie.</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8ec0bea6-f990-4e43-81bf-a34c76e6dc74\" data-image-id=\"8ec0bea6-f990-4e43-81bf-a34c76e6dc74\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/02e3e1c2-223a-4a9f-800d-935e7b3dac76/edge-to-edge-contact.png\" data-asset-id=\"8ec0bea6-f990-4e43-81bf-a34c76e6dc74\" data-image-id=\"8ec0bea6-f990-4e43-81bf-a34c76e6dc74\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Esempio di contatto tra bordi tra la piastra inferiore e la piastra di estremità</em></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e47c299b-4acd-4b1f-bfa6-ef1fd1d972ca\" data-image-id=\"e47c299b-4acd-4b1f-bfa6-ef1fd1d972ca\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/02d6ce4a-86b1-4eac-9525-c59772b520e3/edge-to-surface-contact.png\" data-asset-id=\"e47c299b-4acd-4b1f-bfa6-ef1fd1d972ca\" data-image-id=\"e47c299b-4acd-4b1f-bfa6-ef1fd1d972ca\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Esempio di contatto bordo-superficie tra l'ala inferiore della trave e l'ala del pilastro</em></p>\n<p>È possibile visualizzare le <a data-item-id=\"22ff0f4a-a6f0-4086-bc4c-ed49f4aa86e2\" href=\"\">tensioni di contatto</a>, i valori sono riportati nella tabella della verifica delle piastre. Tuttavia, le tensioni di contatto sono solo informative e non vengono utilizzate in alcuna verifica. Inoltre, la tensione attraverso lo spessore delle piastre dell'elemento shell non è considerata. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c159e0e3-13d4-46a1-8c23-e93ae0d81678\" data-image-id=\"c159e0e3-13d4-46a1-8c23-e93ae0d81678\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3762ca8b-a140-47c8-a32e-3e2db2d6ca4d/contacts.png\" data-asset-id=\"c159e0e3-13d4-46a1-8c23-e93ae0d81678\" data-image-id=\"c159e0e3-13d4-46a1-8c23-e93ae0d81678\" alt=\"\"></figure>"
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"value": "<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n039809c5_b1cd_01c7_3f29_9bb18d8635ad\"></object>\n<h2>General introduction </h2>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"e2fb6b14-f5e4-4b81-8322-71acd2cdf487\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Member</a> is structural engineering software for the structural design and code-check of steel members, including their connections and necessary surroundings beams and columns.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cc2022de-6af3-42e9-a875-2b78b7234833\" data-image-id=\"cc2022de-6af3-42e9-a875-2b78b7234833\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/74d4085a-18b2-4846-893e-28f37ae58e99/uncommon.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"cc2022de-6af3-42e9-a875-2b78b7234833\" data-image-id=\"cc2022de-6af3-42e9-a875-2b78b7234833\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Typical examples of not common steel members</em></p>\n<p>There are many great tools for designing 3D steel frames – <a data-item-id=\"f8ccda8e-8a66-4344-981a-306fb7ae32ee\" href=\"\">SAP2000</a>, <a data-item-id=\"80a7fef2-d973-40ce-bfb5-d9011621b61f\" href=\"\">Robot Structural Analysis</a>, <a data-item-id=\"be6dde66-abca-45f1-bb7e-88207fe4101e\" href=\"\">SCIA Engineer</a>, etc.<br>\nThey cover almost all requirements of structural steel designers. But still, there are issues with many question marks. Mainly in:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Connections, details, nodes</li>\n <li>Stability and buckling</li>\n</ul>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa is focused on more complex parts of steel structures and offers:</p>\n<ol>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"b0a659df-8f92-4d1f-abb6-2efa02bad946\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Connection</a> for checking nodes and connections of any topology</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"e2fb6b14-f5e4-4b81-8322-71acd2cdf487\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Member</a> for resolving all unclear topics of stability and buckling</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Every structural engineer usually calculates the steel structure in some 3D FEA software. Then, he needs to take steel members one by one and do two main checks for steel members:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Section check</li>\n <li>Stability check</li>\n</ul>\n<p>He uses calculated internal forces and applies analysis formulas mostly defined in the national design code.</p>\n<p>The same approach is applied in Member for steel.</p>\n<p>Structural engineer calculates steel structure (frame) in 3D FEA software. The analyzed member and all members related to it are separated from the modeled 3D structure and are resolved using <a data-item-id=\"06158daa-1491-4e83-ac34-4964bd5a3c63\" href=\"\">CBFEM</a>.</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Global analysis of steel frame is done in 3D FEA software.</li>\n <li>All analyzed members are modeled by CBFEM.</li>\n <li>A simpler model is used for all related members (connected in nodes). Related members can be supported at the end.</li>\n <li>Nodes and connections are designed in IDEA StatiCa Connection UI.</li>\n <li>Specific manufacturing operations can be applied on member – transversal or longitudinal stiffeners, openings, cuts...</li>\n <li>Loads can be applied on members and at the ends of related members (<a data-item-id=\"f32270b7-97ff-5d81-94b7-35e6b51c7dde\" href=\"\">equilibrium</a> principle like in Connection).\n <ul>\n <li>The analyzed member is loaded by standard loads derived from calculated internal forces (during the import of the model and load cases). The user can select the position of the load, e.g. at upper flange of the beam.</li>\n <li>Related members are loaded by standard loads and end internal forces.</li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8e0094d0-5e3a-41b1-803e-5987063c0d01\" data-image-id=\"8e0094d0-5e3a-41b1-803e-5987063c0d01\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/27fcb565-bf6f-4539-be1f-6d7837cb8f22/column.png\" data-asset-id=\"8e0094d0-5e3a-41b1-803e-5987063c0d01\" data-image-id=\"8e0094d0-5e3a-41b1-803e-5987063c0d01\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"6e068636-6a02-5d0e-89ad-6dcff4e21151\" href=\"\"><em>CBFEM</em></a><em> model of a column. One analyzed column, four related members, and a precise model of anchoring</em></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"86b2b918-9d8a-4faa-a804-6e053b11c491\" data-image-id=\"86b2b918-9d8a-4faa-a804-6e053b11c491\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/43045856-e046-4f37-8e0e-9638e078e5ff/frame.png\" data-asset-id=\"86b2b918-9d8a-4faa-a804-6e053b11c491\" data-image-id=\"86b2b918-9d8a-4faa-a804-6e053b11c491\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>CBFEM model of a castellated beam between two columns</em></p>\n<p>The analysis model of Member is created by CBFEM. Member provides three types of analysis:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>MNA – Materially Non-linear Analysis.</li>\n <li>LBA – Linear Buckling Analysis (stability)</li>\n <li><a data-item-id=\"d325d54b-9398-4e52-9f22-8dae5de26435\" href=\"\">GMNIA</a> – Geometrically and Materially Non-linear Analysis with Imperfections</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Structural engineers can do in Member on a much higher level the same check as in standard workflows:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Section check: MNA is used. A strain check of 5 % is applied.</li>\n <li>Stability check: LBA tells the shape of stability collapse and advises how imperfection should be defined. GMNIA is used afterward. A strain check of 5 % is applied or the attainment of maximum load (end of convergence).</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The same model as in IDEA StatiCa Connection – Component Based Finite Element Method – is used:</p>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"d4aa2923-a94a-4c40-8fd8-93608acbf893\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Connection Theoretical Background</a></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n01e8f103_9220_0117_e4fa_b8b434140523\"></object>\n<h2>Model description</h2>\n<p>Application IDEA StatiCa Member works with a multi-level model of the structure with combined loads. The goal is a proper investigation and check of selected members of a structure – “analyzed” members.</p>\n<p>Other parts of the model are:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Related member(s) – all members which are connected to the analyzed member(s)</li>\n <li>Connection(s) – CBFEM connection(s) of analyzed and related members</li>\n <li>End supports on related members</li>\n <li>Loads on analyzed member</li>\n <li>Loads on related members</li>\n <li>End forces on related members</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"33abc0f9-65c7-434e-a5d4-42f6c21b1990\" data-image-id=\"33abc0f9-65c7-434e-a5d4-42f6c21b1990\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4645d491-3009-42ac-90fe-127971e5b9c0/new.png\" data-asset-id=\"33abc0f9-65c7-434e-a5d4-42f6c21b1990\" data-image-id=\"33abc0f9-65c7-434e-a5d4-42f6c21b1990\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>CBFEM model of member as a part of seismic bracing system</em></p>\n<p>The analyzed member is “cut-off” of the structure and investigated separately. All loads on the analyzed member and related members have to be applied as in 3D model of the whole structure. In the places of “cut”, which is done at the ends of related members, the internal forces are applied as actions on members. The cut-off structure loaded in such way is in equilibrium. It means that theoretically, no supports are needed for the analytical model. <a data-item-id=\"6e068636-6a02-5d0e-89ad-6dcff4e21151\" href=\"\">CBFEM</a> model is more precise than a standard member model. It is a benefit but it also causes the partial infraction of equilibrium. Therefore, it is useful to apply support at the ends of related beams. Supports should be defined to allow the same behavior of cut-off structure as it is in the whole structure. The program lets it on a judgment of a structural engineer.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"ddf22df5_0f2d_0169_4024_5f9e44f8fe15\"></object>\n<h2>Analyzed member</h2>\n<p>The analyzed member is an investigated member upon which loads are directly applied. The loads on the analyzed member can be applied to the member centerline or directly to the individual <a data-item-id=\"22ff0f4a-a6f0-4086-bc4c-ed49f4aa86e2\" href=\"\">plates</a> of the member with the real area of loading. Analyzed members are modeled fully with shell elements.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c92095b3-2dd6-4f09-a19f-d74328a72941\" data-image-id=\"c92095b3-2dd6-4f09-a19f-d74328a72941\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/27dcde34-9280-494d-b35f-a4f8e0d1edbe/analyzed.png\" data-asset-id=\"c92095b3-2dd6-4f09-a19f-d74328a72941\" data-image-id=\"c92095b3-2dd6-4f09-a19f-d74328a72941\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Model of analyzed member</em></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n4963dda3_4c11_01fb_eab9_ddb254808a25\"></object>\n<h2>Related members</h2>\n<p>Related members are divided into stub part adjacent to the analyzed member and simplified part at the rest of the related member. Stub is modeled by shell elements (full CBFEM model) and simplified parts by simple 1D beam elements with six degrees of freedom. Only the necessary part close to the joint with the analyzed member (the stub) is modeled by shell elements to speed up the calculation. The ends of related members are supported by user-defined restriction of translation or rotation in an arbitrary direction in the local coordinates of the related member.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"81d47b0e-bbe7-4c43-bf01-158e82a280b6\" data-image-id=\"81d47b0e-bbe7-4c43-bf01-158e82a280b6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bed2729c-92ea-47d7-badc-70b09c0efd15/related.png\" data-asset-id=\"81d47b0e-bbe7-4c43-bf01-158e82a280b6\" data-image-id=\"81d47b0e-bbe7-4c43-bf01-158e82a280b6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Model of related beams</em></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n497a1890_0e60_0167_9cad_70d36221a43e\"></object>\n<h2>Connections</h2>\n<p>Connections between analyzed and related members are properly defined in the way they are modeled in <a data-item-id=\"b0a659df-8f92-4d1f-abb6-2efa02bad946\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Connection</a>. Note that they are not checked in <a data-item-id=\"e2fb6b14-f5e4-4b81-8322-71acd2cdf487\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Member</a>, because this application work with loads critical for the member, not for connections. The proper check of connections shall be done in IDEA StatiCa Connection.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"e1af1385_3441_0151_d4df_6950cffba853\"></object>\n<h2>Supports</h2>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa Member adds the second level of FEA analysis of the selected member(s). The first level is done in the standard 3D FEA program. The second level uses internal forces calculated in the first level. The structure loaded in such way is in equilibrium.</p>\n<p>More precise model (e.g. local eccentricities of members, real lengths of members...) and especially imposed imperfections for the GMNIA analysis cause that the equilibrium is not kept. Reasonable support based on structural engineer judgment is recommended.</p>\n<p>Standard supports can be defined at the ends of related members. All three translation and three rotations can be eliminated by support. Supports are defined in the local coordinate system of the member.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"850b4f4a-02ab-46c6-8b76-e56bc35c8c9b\" data-image-id=\"850b4f4a-02ab-46c6-8b76-e56bc35c8c9b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/0747a490-1594-46c5-9eff-9363a0ce0b38/end_support.png\" data-asset-id=\"850b4f4a-02ab-46c6-8b76-e56bc35c8c9b\" data-image-id=\"850b4f4a-02ab-46c6-8b76-e56bc35c8c9b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>End supports on related member – purlin; x-direction and all 3 rotations are supported</em></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n8ddd20a0_a768_013e_316a_cef9cc80a807\"></object>\n<h2>Loads</h2>\n<p>The analyzed member (or piece of a structure) must be loaded like it is loaded in the whole structure. Self-weight is not applied automatically; only the user-defined loads are considered. The following loads are applied:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Line loads on analyzed and related members</li>\n <li>Internal forces in end sections of related members</li>\n</ul>\n<h3>Line loads</h3>\n<p>The structural engineer knows very well line loads and point loads from 3D FEA software. Such loads are idealized for the purpose of 1D members. They do not exist in real life. The real loads are usually planar, or surface loads, or members are loaded through the connections of other members.</p>\n<p>The user can apply line loads on analyzed members, but he must add more details – on which flange or web is the load applied, the width of loaded area, etc. Also, point loads are better to input as planar loads of specific length and width.</p>\n<p>Line loads on related members are applied in the standard way as in 3D FEA software.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c1a3a829-8dea-4918-8802-933ca5e0bc91\" data-image-id=\"c1a3a829-8dea-4918-8802-933ca5e0bc91\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b417e132-da74-4c1f-a27a-dbbc4dbacf75/line_load.png\" data-asset-id=\"c1a3a829-8dea-4918-8802-933ca5e0bc91\" data-image-id=\"c1a3a829-8dea-4918-8802-933ca5e0bc91\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Point load is input as line load with a specific width</em></p>\n<h3>End forces</h3>\n<p>Internal forces at the end sections of related members. They are applied as actions on related members. It is very similar to loading of members in models of connections in IDEA StatiCa Connection.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cc764761-3bcf-4d11-849d-37cb6f6baad0\" data-image-id=\"cc764761-3bcf-4d11-849d-37cb6f6baad0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bdce5327-5e95-404d-885a-83d0a10ff656/end_forces.png\" data-asset-id=\"cc764761-3bcf-4d11-849d-37cb6f6baad0\" data-image-id=\"cc764761-3bcf-4d11-849d-37cb6f6baad0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Internal forces as load actions at the end of related member</em></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n245908a5_1c6a_01d5_7377_52ecf5b75d71\"></object>\n<h2>Practical example</h2>\n<p>The process of CBFEM model assembly is shown on the following example.</p>\n<p>Designer needs to check the <a data-item-id=\"f91fda51-8880-42ba-8247-ab0f268c9c11\" href=\"\">lateral-torsional buckling</a> resistance of a girder in a frame. If the standard approach is used, the whole frame is calculated in 3D FEA software. Then the girder is checked separately. <a data-item-id=\"f2efd563-1240-50af-b65f-6e7bf3faf01e\" href=\"\">Boundary conditions</a> are decided; codes usually use assumption of rigid or pinned supports. Generally, even a spring of semi-rigid joint may be selected. The decision is a key factor in the assessment of lateral-torsional buckling resistance and is fully dependent on the designer's estimation. The calculated internal forces are compared to the resistance of lateral-torsional buckling determined by analytical formulas.</p>\n<p>Application Member uses completely the same principles. The analyzed member is cut from the full model of the structure. The boundary conditions are not estimated, but all the connecting parts are exactly modeled. The problem of boundary conditions is not completely solved due to the need to support the ends of related members. Supports of related members depend on the designer's decision, but their influence on the load resistance of the analyzed member is smaller by several magnitudes than compared to the standard approach.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ff1920cf-80c8-469b-9f97-d2910059f8c1\" data-image-id=\"ff1920cf-80c8-469b-9f97-d2910059f8c1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3c04867f-df4f-46fe-a2c3-93e9f22f473d/girder.png\" data-asset-id=\"ff1920cf-80c8-469b-9f97-d2910059f8c1\" data-image-id=\"ff1920cf-80c8-469b-9f97-d2910059f8c1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Example of the model of girder with joints, related members, and loads</em></p>\n<p>The analyzed member AM1 – the girder – is loaded by continuous load acting on the upper flange. The joints are modeled and checked in IDEA StatiCa Connection.</p>\n<p>Columns are the related members at the model. They are fixed at the bottom. At the top, they are supported only in transverse direction (<em>y</em>, <em>z</em>). That allows loading the columns by the weight of the rest of the structure – by normal force and bending moment in this example. Their magnitudes correspond to the internal forces solved on 3D model in FEA software. There is no other load acting on the columns.</p>\n<p>Other related members are the secondary beams. They are simply supported, and the real loads are applied to them along their whole length. At their ends, simple supports are applied with the added restriction of rotation around longitudinal axis <em>x</em>.</p>\n<p>Of course, the CBFEM model is also somehow simplified. Nevertheless, it describes the behavior of the analyzed member more precisely than the standard approach based on analytical formulas and estimation of boundary conditions and bending moment diagram.</p>\n<p>Following figures show the expected behavior of the girder.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c4c53b46-1dd8-4d0f-bddf-ec278fa4f8b2\" data-image-id=\"c4c53b46-1dd8-4d0f-bddf-ec278fa4f8b2\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9404b896-8194-426a-b03c-0d51d40ada29/deformation.png\" data-asset-id=\"c4c53b46-1dd8-4d0f-bddf-ec278fa4f8b2\" data-image-id=\"c4c53b46-1dd8-4d0f-bddf-ec278fa4f8b2\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Deformation of the girder determined by MNA</em></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4d8bf85f-5978-40a9-8698-781126639f8a\" data-image-id=\"4d8bf85f-5978-40a9-8698-781126639f8a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/13c6a0b4-a9de-4ec6-864a-b86132d11788/buckling.png\" data-asset-id=\"4d8bf85f-5978-40a9-8698-781126639f8a\" data-image-id=\"4d8bf85f-5978-40a9-8698-781126639f8a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Buckling mode shape determined by LBA</em></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n05be7ab8_3e4d_0159_2993_bf922b010f7e\"></object>\n<h2>Analysis</h2>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa Member is able to perform three types of analysis:</p>\n<ol>\n <li>Materially Nonlinear Analysis</li>\n <li>Linear Buckling Analysis</li>\n <li>Geometrically and Materially Nonlinear Analysis with Imperfections</li>\n</ol>\n<p>The first two analyzes can be used for code checks of members, e.g. using General method (EN 1993-1-1, Cl. 6.3.4), but mostly they are used for the preparation of the third, most precise, analysis.</p>\n<h3>Materially Nonlinear Analysis (MNA)</h3>\n<p>Materially nonlinear and geometrically linear static analysis is sufficient for stocky members without any buckling issues. The aim of application IDEA StatiCa Member is to solve complicated members, so MNA analysis is usually not sufficient for complete assessment. This analysis is required to perform other analysis types.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4a87d912-cc54-4809-b5ef-797e0f8203dc\" data-image-id=\"4a87d912-cc54-4809-b5ef-797e0f8203dc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f1e697d8-8c3e-41b7-9c60-7a53661b6240/stress-strain.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"4a87d912-cc54-4809-b5ef-797e0f8203dc\" data-image-id=\"4a87d912-cc54-4809-b5ef-797e0f8203dc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Material diagrams of steel in numerical models</em></p>\n<h3>Linear Buckling Analysis (LBA)</h3>\n<p>The structure is considered perfect without any geometrical or material imperfections, and the material is elastic in this analysis type. Linear buckling analysis provides factor <em>α</em><sub>cr</sub> – minimum amplifier for design loads to reach the elastic critical resistance of the structural component. The factor determines the load when Euler's critical buckling load is reached. The real buckling load of a real, imperfect structure may be much lower, and therefore high safety margin is recommended:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><em>α</em><sub>cr</sub> > 15 – use MNA</li>\n <li><em>α</em><sub>cr</sub> < 15 – use GMNIA</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Another result of LBA with the same importance is the buckling mode shape. It provides information which part of the modeled structure loses stability. User should check all the buckling modes and select the important ones for the application of imperfections. The important buckling mode shapes are usually causing sinusoidal half-wave bow deflection of the analyzed member or local buckling of slender plates.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1c01a679-f090-4ba8-b08e-c064056bb7fd\" data-image-id=\"1c01a679-f090-4ba8-b08e-c064056bb7fd\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/05436bd7-2718-4de3-9865-6fc39cbe056a/LBA.png\" data-asset-id=\"1c01a679-f090-4ba8-b08e-c064056bb7fd\" data-image-id=\"1c01a679-f090-4ba8-b08e-c064056bb7fd\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Buckling mode shapes</em></p>\n<p>The buckling mode shape also provides us with information on whether the member fails in flexural buckling around weaker or stronger axis, torsional buckling (axially loaded columns) or lateral-torsional buckling (bent beams) or local buckling (members with slender plates). Note that for complicated structures, buckling mode shapes may combine the buckling of several members with various shapes. Also, if a whole frame is modeled, the frame will buckle as a whole and not columns and the girder separately.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4df8f705-9299-40b9-8e40-ab792eb45162\" data-image-id=\"4df8f705-9299-40b9-8e40-ab792eb45162\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2e089209-f335-4202-8d16-ab8cbfe3ab69/LBA2.png\" data-asset-id=\"4df8f705-9299-40b9-8e40-ab792eb45162\" data-image-id=\"4df8f705-9299-40b9-8e40-ab792eb45162\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Flexural, torsional, lateral-torsional buckling</em></p>\n<p>To calculate the buckling modes, the Lanczos algorithm is used.</p>\n<p>A limitation of this algorithm is that if multiple buckling shapes exist for the same or very similar buckling factor, the method is only able to calculate one of the shapes. This can typically be the case with thin-walled structures, for which the shapes for a single buckling factor can take many forms, so the user should be aware of this limitation.</p>\n<p>For every buckling shape, a second buckling shape with the same buckling factor, but the opposite deformation always exists. This should be kept in mind when combining shapes to form an imperfection for GMNIA – the user might want to use a buckling shape with the opposite sign if the resulting shape is more critical in combination with a different buckling mode.</p>\n<p>Buckling mode shapes are directly used for the application of imperfections in the most sophisticated analysis type – GMNIA.</p>\n<h3>Geometrically and Materially Nonlinear Analysis with Imperfections (GMNIA)</h3>\n<p>Geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis with imperfections is the most sophisticated analysis type for static loading. All the imperfections (varying thickness of plates, out-of-straightness, residual stresses, non-homogeneities in material, misalignment of supports...) are substituted by equivalent geometrical imperfections and can be set using buckling mode shapes calculated by LBA. User selects the maximum amplitude of the buckling mode shape used for imperfection. The description of imperfections is in the next chapter.</p>\n<h3>Interpretation of results</h3>\n<p>Most design codes recognize two limit states – serviceability and ultimate.</p>\n<h4>Serviceability limit state</h4>\n<p>Design codes provide limits of the deflection of members. These can be checked by comparing the deflection of analyzed member to the limits.</p>\n<h4>Ultimate limit state</h4>\n<p>Ultimate limit state may be reached by attainment of a limiting value of the principal membrane strain – recommended as 5 % or attainment of the maximum load for members susceptible to buckling. Maximum load is reached when the solver stops converging (because the model is loaded by forces and not by displacements). End of convergence means that no load increment may be applied to the model, and the analysis may stop below 100 % of defined load. Descending branch of the load-deformation diagram cannot be captured.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ae6ee348-af7d-4b98-8126-86b54969ac6c\" data-image-id=\"ae6ee348-af7d-4b98-8126-86b54969ac6c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/8001e1c4-c682-4144-965e-120c259dd7da/convergence.png\" data-asset-id=\"ae6ee348-af7d-4b98-8126-86b54969ac6c\" data-image-id=\"ae6ee348-af7d-4b98-8126-86b54969ac6c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>End of convergence in GMNIA</em></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"ab06627b_28c7_01e9_3c9f_cc98d93f7065\"></object>\n<h2>Imperfections</h2>\n<p>The imperfections are inaccuracies in supports, residual stresses in members, variable thicknesses of plates, out-of-straightness of members, etc. All these imperfections are simulated by equivalent geometrical imperfection. Three geometrical imperfection types may be considered:</p>\n<ol>\n <li>Global imperfections of the structure</li>\n <li>Local imperfections of members</li>\n <li>Local imperfections of slender member plates</li>\n</ol>\n<p>There are guidelines in e.g. EN 1993-1-1 and EN 1993-1-5 for each imperfection type.</p>\n<p>Note that generally, imperfection shapes with positive and negative signs (different directions) should be investigated. Only if the geometry is symmetrical, both imperfection directions provide the same results, and only one may be investigated.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n9de0136b_e295_0167_16ec_26e384195973\"></object>\n<h2>Global imperfections</h2>\n<p>Global imperfections of the structure are described in EN 1993-1-1, Cl. 5.3.2 (3). The structure should be inclined in the form of equivalent sway imperfection according to the following figure.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"49816952-a698-4e24-b839-5cab45446b5b\" data-image-id=\"49816952-a698-4e24-b839-5cab45446b5b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/61f0d4bf-61c3-4889-8c1f-eafcbbf86129/global_sway_imperfections.png\" data-asset-id=\"49816952-a698-4e24-b839-5cab45446b5b\" data-image-id=\"49816952-a698-4e24-b839-5cab45446b5b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Equivalent sway imperfection (from EN 1993-1-1 – Figure 5.2)</em></p>\n<p>The angle of imperfection is:</p>\n<p>\\[ \\phi = \\phi_0 α_h α_m \\]</p>\n<p>where:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><em>ϕ</em><sub>0</sub> = 1/200 – basic value of imperfection</li>\n <li>\\( 2/3 \\le α_h = \\frac{2}{\\sqrt{h}} \\le 1.0 \\) – reduction factor for height <em>h</em> applicable to columns</li>\n <li><em>h</em> – height of the structure in meters</li>\n <li>\\( \\alpha_m = \\sqrt{0.5 \\left ( 1+\\frac{1}{m} \\right )} \\) – reduction factor for the number of columns in a row</li>\n <li><em>m</em> – number of columns in a row, including only those columns which carry a vertical load <em>N</em><sub>Ed</sub> not less than 50 % of the average value of the column in the vertical plane considered</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The global imperfections should be applied to the structure in the global analysis model to obtain correct loads. The global imperfections need not be applied also to the model in application <a data-item-id=\"e2fb6b14-f5e4-4b81-8322-71acd2cdf487\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Member</a> if e.g. only one beam is analyzed.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n07430a04_488e_0160_4655_dcfd98398c4b\"></object>\n<h2>Local imperfections of members</h2>\n<p>Local imperfections of members are described in EN 1993-1-1, Cl. 5.3.2 (3). The imperfections are considered in the shape of local bow imperfection with the amplitude <em>e</em><sub>0</sub>/<em>L</em>, where <em>L</em> is the member theoretical length (node-to-node distance).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"578ee1bc-2bac-435f-b751-334b1b687080\" data-image-id=\"578ee1bc-2bac-435f-b751-334b1b687080\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f979b9c8-b298-4559-9b56-c017e2e3f063/local_bow_imperfections.png\" data-asset-id=\"578ee1bc-2bac-435f-b751-334b1b687080\" data-image-id=\"578ee1bc-2bac-435f-b751-334b1b687080\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Design values of initial local bow imperfections (from EN 1993-1-1 – Table 5.1)</em></p>\n<p>The plastic analysis is used so the right column of the table should be used. The amplitude <em>e</em><sub>0</sub> should be chosen according to the table above for predominantly compressed members where flexural, torsional or torsional-flexural buckling is expected. If the member is predominantly bended and main failure mode is lateral-torsional buckling, the amplitude <em>e</em><sub>0</sub> may be decreased by factor <em>k</em> = 0.5 according to EN 1993-1-1, Cl. 5.3.4 (3).</p>\n<p>Two examples are shown:</p>\n<h4>Example 1: Column</h4>\n<p>A column with the length of 4 m is loaded by axial force and has <em>α</em><sub>cr</sub> = 1.4 for buckling around a stronger axis and <em>α</em><sub>cr</sub> = 1.5 around weaker axis. Other values are significantly higher. Two cases should be checked:</p>\n<ol>\n <li>Buckling around stronger axis: According to Table 6.2, buckling curve, a is selected, which corresponds to amplitude of imperfection <em>e</em><sub>0</sub> / <em>L</em> = 1 / 250 for plastic analysis. Therefore, amplitude 4000 / 250 = 16 mm is applied to the first buckling mode shape. GMNIA is run and the limit states are evaluated.</li>\n <li>Buckling around weaker axis: According to Table 6.2, buckling curve b is selected which corresponds to amplitude of imperfection <em>e</em><sub>0</sub> / <em>L</em> = 1 / 200 for plastic analysis. Therefore, amplitude 4000 / 200 = 20 mm is applied to the second buckling mode shape. GMNIA is run and the limit states are evaluated.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Minimal load resistance should be used. Alternatively, both buckling modes may be used at the same time, which leads to safer result and faster calculation time.</p>\n<h4>Example 2: Beam</h4>\n<p>Beam with the theoretical span (node to node distance) of 6 m is loaded by the transverse load. LBA shows that the first buckling mode shape is lateral-torsional buckling with <em>α</em><sub>cr</sub> = 1.9. Other buckling mode shapes are with significantly higher values of <em>α</em><sub>cr</sub>. According to Table 6.4, buckling curve, a is selected, which corresponds to amplitude <em>e</em><sub>0</sub> / <em>L</em> = 1 / 250. Because lateral-torsional buckling is investigated, factor <em>k</em><sub>0</sub> = 0.5 may be used. Amplitude 0.5 • 6000 / 250 = 12 mm is applied to the first buckling mode. GMNIA is run and the limit states are evaluated</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n90c6054c_4151_0179_f4ed_b92c2970fd9a\"></object>\n<h2>Local imperfections of slender member plates</h2>\n<p>If members are class 4, local imperfections of plates should also be applied. The panel imperfection amplitude should be <em>a</em> / 200, where <em>a</em> is the shorter panel span according to EN 1993-1-5, Cl. C.5.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3c24e3eb-5d6b-4e19-bfd6-0117da347858\" data-image-id=\"3c24e3eb-5d6b-4e19-bfd6-0117da347858\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bcf2854b-9463-4e53-94c8-01335eed3bfe/Class%204%20member.png\" data-asset-id=\"3c24e3eb-5d6b-4e19-bfd6-0117da347858\" data-image-id=\"3c24e3eb-5d6b-4e19-bfd6-0117da347858\" alt=\"Class 4 cross-sections: slender member plates in Member application\"></figure>\n<p><em>Local buckling of slender plates</em></p>\n<p>While GMNIA should be a suitable analysis for the assessment of slender members, currently, not enough verifications and validations were made to confirm that the model is safe. Therefore, it is not recommended to use IDEA StatiCa Member for slender members (class 4) for now.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"644ee41f-1a85-49bc-8d9b-7b5df0e51bc0\" data-image-id=\"644ee41f-1a85-49bc-8d9b-7b5df0e51bc0\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/0ab79d33-15c5-4c12-9ad9-f876391d6118/class4_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"644ee41f-1a85-49bc-8d9b-7b5df0e51bc0\" data-image-id=\"644ee41f-1a85-49bc-8d9b-7b5df0e51bc0\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><em>Influence of imperfections on the numerical analysis of slender plates</em></p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n0a0a4ff7_a2fe_0156_b7bb_42d855f8c03a\"></object>\n<h2>Applying imperfections in IDEA StatiCa Member</h2>\n<p><a data-item-id=\"e2fb6b14-f5e4-4b81-8322-71acd2cdf487\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Member</a> allows applying <a data-item-id=\"8df78392-c0d8-51ab-bb62-e811552eae4a\" href=\"\">imperfections</a> in the buckling mode shapes with maximal amplitude chosen by user in absolute value. Usually, the first buckling mode shape with the maximum amplitude according to Table 5.1 in EN 1993-1-1 is enough. For members with cross-section class 4, more buckling mode shapes must be considered and a combination of at least two buckling modes used. Especially for a model with more analyzed members, several buckling mode shapes have to be selected.</p>\n<p>Geometric imperfections are equivalent and should not enter the evaluation of results, e.g. deflection in serviceability limit state. Therefore, when visualizing the results, only the deflections due to loading are shown on a structure undeformed by imperfections.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n384b1435_cc59_0100_e95f_7f7519a01ecc\"></object>\n<h2>Advanced design according to AISC 360-16</h2>\n<p>AISC 360-16 does not directly refer to the design of members by a finite element analysis using shell elements so it is recommended to use a much more detailed guide in EN 1993-1-5. Comm. 1.3.3b refers to ECCS: Ultimate Limit State Calculation of Sway Frames with Rigid Joints (1984) where the concept of equivalent geometrical imperfection is used. The design by inelastic analysis is covered in Appendix 1.3. The inelastic analysis shall take into account:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>flexural, shear, axial and torsional member deformations, and all other component and connection deformations that contribute to the displacements of the structure – covered by use of GMNIA and member consisting of shell elements</li>\n <li>second-order effects (including <em>P-Δ</em>, <em>P-δ</em>, and twisting effects) – covered by use of GMNIA</li>\n <li>geometric imperfections – set by the user by using buckling mode shape from LBA analysis</li>\n <li>stiffness reductions due to inelasticity, including partial yielding of the cross-section that may be accentuated by the presence of residual stresses – it is not possible to set residual stress in the member. However, using Appendix 1.3.3c, residual stress modeling may be replaced by reduction of the elastic modulus, <em>E</em>, and modulus in shear, <em>G</em>, by 0.8.</li>\n <li>uncertainty in system, member, and connection strength and stiffness – covered by use of geometrical imperfections and stiffness reduction</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Appendix 1.3.3b states: \"In all cases, the analysis shall directly model the effects of initial imperfections due to both points of intersection of members displaced from their nominal locations (system imperfections), and initial out-of-straightness or offsets of members along their length (member imperfections). The magnitude of the initial displacements shall be the maximum amount considered in the design; the pattern of initial displacements shall be such that it provides the greatest destabilizing effect.\"</p>\n<p>Geometric imperfections are described in Comm. C2.2: \"Initial geometric imperfections are conservatively assumed equal to the maximum material, fabrication and erection tolerances permitted in the AISC Code of Standard Practice (AISC, 2016a): a member out-of-straightness equal to <em>L</em> / 1000, where <em>L</em> is the member length between brace or framing points, and a frame out-of-plumbness equal to <em>H</em> / 500, where <em>H</em> is the story height.\"</p>\n<p>It is recommended to apply out-of-plumbness in the 3D FEA software and out-of-straightness in <a data-item-id=\"e2fb6b14-f5e4-4b81-8322-71acd2cdf487\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Member</a> application.</p>\n<h4>Summary:</h4>\n<p>If it is decided to use the AISC approach, apply out-of-plumbness <em>H</em> / 500 in 3D FEA software, out-of-straightness <em>L</em> / 1000 in Member and reduce the modulus of elasticity in tension/compression and shear by factor 0.8. 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"value": "<p>IDEA StatiCa Member model organization is slightly different than in the other IDEA StatiCa applications however it still respects the <a data-item-id=\"6e068636-6a02-5d0e-89ad-6dcff4e21151\" href=\"\">CBFEM </a>approach. Let's go through the key definitions.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Analyzed member is a part of the structure which is meant to be analyzed, the part in which we are interested in. Related members are all other members that are connected to the analyzed one. Related members have common joints with the analyzed one.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"31288f09-3b6c-4a99-9e93-303c0b8100df\" data-image-id=\"31288f09-3b6c-4a99-9e93-303c0b8100df\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5f447ff8-62a3-4974-acd3-2e59475a0429/MemberModelOrganization_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"31288f09-3b6c-4a99-9e93-303c0b8100df\" data-image-id=\"31288f09-3b6c-4a99-9e93-303c0b8100df\" alt=\"Member model organization\"></figure>\n<p>Connections between the Analyzed member and the Related members are defined by the joint design. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"06a4334f-99cc-49ac-81b8-4a6479a95031\" data-image-id=\"06a4334f-99cc-49ac-81b8-4a6479a95031\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f583d0df-6c6b-4eac-8a5a-f4cc7ccb0d3e/MemberModelOrganization_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"06a4334f-99cc-49ac-81b8-4a6479a95031\" data-image-id=\"06a4334f-99cc-49ac-81b8-4a6479a95031\" alt=\"Member Model Organization\"></figure>\n<p>Loads can be introduced in several ways. Basically two possibilities can be distinguished - Internal forces and applied loads. Internal forces can be introduced at the end of a related member. Applied loads can be introduced on the Analyzed member or on Related members as the uniform load.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"1dc679a7-3646-46f9-a3a5-92c4e305e941\" data-image-id=\"1dc679a7-3646-46f9-a3a5-92c4e305e941\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a7aa2f0c-7e4e-4cbc-8985-fedc9395c674/MemberModelOrganization_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"1dc679a7-3646-46f9-a3a5-92c4e305e941\" data-image-id=\"1dc679a7-3646-46f9-a3a5-92c4e305e941\" alt=\"Loading of a member model\"></figure>\n<p>By defining all these parts of the model, the Member organization is complete.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"d4c1944d-a4bb-4fdd-92e2-1d287555b4c8\" data-image-id=\"d4c1944d-a4bb-4fdd-92e2-1d287555b4c8\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1332b931-102c-4bd5-a89d-70e20c2a1a02/MemberModelOrganization_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"d4c1944d-a4bb-4fdd-92e2-1d287555b4c8\" data-image-id=\"d4c1944d-a4bb-4fdd-92e2-1d287555b4c8\" alt=\"Member organization is complete\"></figure>\n<p>The whole description of the model workflow is explained in the <a data-item-id=\"47e9c7cc-0685-507d-855f-fce85ba6b34d\" href=\"\">Theoretical background for IDEA StatiCa Member</a>. </p>"
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"value": "<p>IDEA StatiCa Connection enables you to design your steel connections not only according to your code but it lets you optimize your model as well. Until now, it was just based on the designer's experience to decide what type of bolts, welds, plates, or anything else should be used, so the connection is still safe but also efficient cost-wise. </p>\n<p>We heard of a lot of calls from steel fabricators using IDEA StatiCa for the possibility to see the connection costs at the first glance. Obviously, what can be a couple of bucks on a single connection means a fortune for the whole construction. </p>\n<p>That is why the new <strong>IDEA StatiCa version 20.1 brings</strong> as one of its major novelties <strong>the possibility to calculate production costs</strong>. </p>\n<p>With this new feature, you can very quickly estimate the final price of the created design and optimize the connection concerning that. Of course, still keeping in mind the most important factor, the safety. </p>\n<p>Prices of individual connection components can be specified easily on a cost per unit weight basis in Settings. Costs can currently be defined for four basic entities:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><strong>Steel parts </strong>(plates and added steel members, grade dependent)</li>\n <li><strong>Welds </strong>(single and double fillet welds, ½ V and K butt welds, weld size dependent)</li>\n <li><strong>Bolt assemblies </strong>(grade and diameter dependent)</li>\n <li><strong>Hole drilling </strong>(as a percentage of bolt assembly cost)</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"054c5577-3ad0-436d-87c0-9324ab5a84ba\" data-image-id=\"054c5577-3ad0-436d-87c0-9324ab5a84ba\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/81256ef2-3d90-4c6a-96c8-28f650006dd0/Settings.png\" data-asset-id=\"054c5577-3ad0-436d-87c0-9324ab5a84ba\" data-image-id=\"054c5577-3ad0-436d-87c0-9324ab5a84ba\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The resulting value is presented in the 3D scene view. The costs are updated in real-time according to manufacturing operations used in the design.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cf1d5615-88aa-41c8-9238-6f9a554d31e9\" data-image-id=\"cf1d5615-88aa-41c8-9238-6f9a554d31e9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e6899abc-8188-4b4c-9804-f840c0415a20/cost%20estimate.png\" data-asset-id=\"cf1d5615-88aa-41c8-9238-6f9a554d31e9\" data-image-id=\"cf1d5615-88aa-41c8-9238-6f9a554d31e9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>The currency can be set according to your local preferences again in Settings. </p>\n<p>If you want your cost estimation to be a part of your final report, no problem with that. Just choose this possibility in the report project item settings. </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"49b0f2a3-0cec-40cd-acc9-398563b3ca55\" data-image-id=\"49b0f2a3-0cec-40cd-acc9-398563b3ca55\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1e456d36-8017-4016-bf33-b746e81ced0d/Cost%20estimation%204.png\" data-asset-id=\"49b0f2a3-0cec-40cd-acc9-398563b3ca55\" data-image-id=\"49b0f2a3-0cec-40cd-acc9-398563b3ca55\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>See how it works</h3>\n<p>Watch the webinar recording part where our colleague Ryan introduces the Cost estimation feature. </p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"eef7a0d0_bde7_0117_63f2_f36fb98d8b8b\"></object>\n<h2>Put the new version to the test</h2>\n<p>Cost estimation is definitely not the only improvement brought by the new IDEA StatiCa version 20.1 introduced at the beginning of October. Find the complete overview of new features and improvements for steel connection design condensed in our <a data-item-id=\"28c5e551-7dcf-4aed-93a1-97e001d6f3bc\" href=\"\">Release notes</a>.</p>\n<p>The best way to get to know all of them is to try them on your own. Just <a data-item-id=\"0dff6482-3e17-4ca2-bb66-b4abc6a8dde4\" href=\"\">download the new version</a> and ask for your free 14-day trial. </p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n4a4e6320_0a37_01cd_4a52_534421d71ccf\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>Vi presento <strong>5 delle più recenti scorciatoie nel flusso di lavoro della progettazione di connessioni </strong>che potete utilizzare per risparmiare tempo prezioso.</p>\n<h2>#1 Collegamenti BIM</h2>\n<p>Le interconnessioni BIM tra i software strutturali di calcolo FEA e le applicazioni CAD di dettaglio sono ben note. È possibile utilizzare la geometria globale della struttura, le condizioni al contorno, le proprietà dei materiali e delle sezioni trasversali di un software e utilizzarle nell'altro.</p>\n<p>Ma che dire della valutazione delle connessioni delle membrature?</p>\n<p>Esistono diverse applicazioni per il dettaglio delle connessioni, che hanno permesso di modellare un modello 3D di ogni connessione fin nei minimi dettagli. Ma quando si vuole verificare se tutto funziona come dovrebbe, si deve modellare un modello di calcolo separato con un alto grado di imprecisione.</p>\n<p>Ora è tutto finito!</p>\n<p>Non esiste un modo più rapido per valutare qualsiasi connessione complessa di una struttura in acciaio e creare la relazione di verifica del codice. Grazie all'utilizzo della funzione BIM-link sviluppata e implementata nei prodotti IDEA StatiCa, è possibile evitare la duplicazione del lavoro.</p>\n<p>Bastano tre passaggi fondamentali:</p>\n<ol>\n <li>Esportare il collegamento dalla vostra applicazione CAD in IDEA StatiCa Connection. Potete semplicemente utilizzare il modello 3D già dettagliato nell'applicazione CAD.</li>\n <li>Esportare il carico dall'applicazione FEA in IDEA StatiCa Connection, dove si applicano le forze interne ai nodi già calcolate nel modello di calcolo globale.</li>\n <li>Infine, mescolate entrambi gli input in IDEA StatiCa e sarete in grado di verificare tutto ciò che vi interessa.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>Naturalmente, a volte è necessario ottimizzare la connessione dopo il primo tentativo, ma con la funzione 'synchronize' il processo di iterazione sembra più divertente del lavoro.</p>\n<p>Ok, forse non è divertente a lungo se si deve fare questo controllo per diversi giunti uno dopo l'altro. Ecco perché è stata creata la 'selezione in blocco'! Con questa funzione è possibile selezionare più connessioni contemporaneamente e valutarle automaticamente. Il nostro <a data-item-id=\"57d37a52-71c7-4b49-8a98-df21117d0e44\" href=\"\">post sul blog - Selezione in blocco</a> tratta questo argomento in modo più dettagliato.</p>\n<p>È un sogno che diventa realtà per tutti coloro che si occupano di connessioni strutturali! Questo tipo di flusso di lavoro semi-automatico è vantaggioso soprattutto per le persone responsabili della progettazione, della valutazione e delle verifiche di calcolo delle connessioni.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c9562519-5211-43fd-be7f-1250f2256d6f\" data-image-id=\"c9562519-5211-43fd-be7f-1250f2256d6f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4116a35a-d28e-4e45-879b-844f4f1996a2/BIM-links_03.png\" data-asset-id=\"c9562519-5211-43fd-be7f-1250f2256d6f\" data-image-id=\"c9562519-5211-43fd-be7f-1250f2256d6f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Esistono molti software diversi utilizzati dagli ingegneri. Di conseguenza, è possibile trovare numerosi tutorial che descrivono la loro connessione con IDEA StatiCa. Il <a data-item-id=\"222de7bd-bfbc-5601-9021-26e5b4a3e0a4\" href=\"\">tutorial - Come combinare Tekla e SAP</a> è tra i più popolari.</p>\n<p>Poiché i collegamenti BIM sono cruciali per un flusso di lavoro efficiente, i progressi nello sviluppo di funzionalità per un utilizzo ancora migliore da parte degli ingegneri sono continui. Ecco perché è bene seguire uno dei nostri recenti webinar - <a data-item-id=\"2d19ed52-e2a0-46e1-a262-f4a52ae62025\" href=\"\">Le ultime funzionalità dei collegamenti CAD BIM</a> - per non perdere nessun nuovo widget.</p>\n<h2>#2 Usare modelli preparati</h2>\n<p>Non è necessario inventare la ruota ancora, e ancora, e ancora...</p>\n<p>Anche se ogni struttura è unica in qualche modo, è molto probabile che il tipo di collegamento che state per progettare sia già stato costruito da qualcuno.</p>\n<h3>Mago di partenza</h3>\n<p>In molti casi, l'avvio dei modelli di schermo della procedura guidata può fare la maggior parte del lavoro di modellazione per voi. Appena avviato il software, si possono trovare oltre 250 modelli che attendono solo l'ottimizzazione finale.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ee34428b-59f1-48e5-a0d6-82318c74a0bc\" data-image-id=\"ee34428b-59f1-48e5-a0d6-82318c74a0bc\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/6150087e-ef56-4020-ae6a-3b98b88af8ea/initial%20template.png\" data-asset-id=\"ee34428b-59f1-48e5-a0d6-82318c74a0bc\" data-image-id=\"ee34428b-59f1-48e5-a0d6-82318c74a0bc\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Per un'introduzione a questi modelli, consultate il nostro post sul blog sui <a data-item-id=\"c6fcb894-3dfa-48d1-a36c-1c48cc3886cc\" href=\"\">Nuovi modelli di wizard</a>.</p>\n<h3>Modelli (dinamici) con il tasto destro del mouse</h3>\n<p>Una grande caratteristica dei modelli dinamici è l'attivazione con il tasto destro del mouse. È come dire all'applicazione: 'ok, e ora collega questi due membri insieme, per favore', ma molto più velocemente. Con pochi clic del mouse, si possono creare diverse operazioni di modellazione in una sola volta.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8c783e08-f626-4d4b-957a-40cbed224667\" data-image-id=\"8c783e08-f626-4d4b-957a-40cbed224667\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/671e87de-63bc-4295-9d5f-3ecde54ee030/dynamic%20template.png\" data-asset-id=\"8c783e08-f626-4d4b-957a-40cbed224667\" data-image-id=\"8c783e08-f626-4d4b-957a-40cbed224667\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Si consiglia di familiarizzare con le funzioni del <strong>tasto destro del mouse</strong>, che includono le funzioni più utili e necessarie.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n6f6df36e_1458_0116_1f23_7dc8c1b84112\"></object>\n<h3>Pre-progettazione</h3>\n<p>Questa funzione progressiva crea le connessioni in base ai parametri predefiniti, impostati fondamentalmente sulla percentuale di resistenza della sezione trasversale dell'elemento.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3d035d23-ca5d-4534-9494-d8bf3a90b167\" data-image-id=\"3d035d23-ca5d-4534-9494-d8bf3a90b167\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1e75d2bc-c410-460a-abdb-05c37df0dee1/pre-design%20settings_02.png\" data-asset-id=\"3d035d23-ca5d-4534-9494-d8bf3a90b167\" data-image-id=\"3d035d23-ca5d-4534-9494-d8bf3a90b167\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Una volta scoperta e utilizzata questa funzione, non potrete più smettere di usarla. Scopritela subito con il nostro articolo dedicato alla <a data-item-id=\"668f9fb3-5a55-4d20-bdd2-4b12f9a62d36\" href=\"\">Pre-progettazione</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ba70a8a5-0b57-45ac-ba7f-960016d620af\" data-image-id=\"ba70a8a5-0b57-45ac-ba7f-960016d620af\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c1bb2590-4744-4aab-bd1c-63b160972545/pre-design_02.png\" data-asset-id=\"ba70a8a5-0b57-45ac-ba7f-960016d620af\" data-image-id=\"ba70a8a5-0b57-45ac-ba7f-960016d620af\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>Modelli utente</h3>\n<p>È abbastanza comune che ogni ingegnere strutturale o impresa di costruzioni abbia un proprio stile specifico per la progettazione e la realizzazione dei collegamenti in acciaio. Queste specificità variano a seconda della regione e delle abitudini. Per questo motivo non è possibile creare un unico gruppo di connessioni per tutti gli utenti.</p>\n<p>Tuttavia, è possibile (e altamente raccomandato) che tutti gli utenti lavorino con modelli creati autonomamente. Questa funzione è coperta dal Template manager.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bf57d3f5-f176-4f62-934f-1beb81dadc5f\" data-image-id=\"bf57d3f5-f176-4f62-934f-1beb81dadc5f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/664a94be-3973-4cfa-84a7-ca2491b434fb/user%20template_02.png\" data-asset-id=\"bf57d3f5-f176-4f62-934f-1beb81dadc5f\" data-image-id=\"bf57d3f5-f176-4f62-934f-1beb81dadc5f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Qui è possibile memorizzare e gestire i modelli di connessione in base alle proprie abitudini ed esigenze. Come salvarli e riutilizzarli è spiegato nel nostro <a data-item-id=\"eb5ed311-0f6d-55c8-af67-aef19c91bcde\" href=\"\">webinar - Modelli e condivisione</a>.</p>\n<h3>Progetti di esempio</h3>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center-sample-projects?product=steel\">Nel Centro di supporto</a> sono <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center-sample-projects?product=steel\">disponibili</a> decine di esempi di progetti di connessioni e ne stiamo aggiungendo continuamente altri. Connessioni bullonate, bullonate o saldate, intagli a osso, travi, piastre di base, ancoraggi, tutto ciò di cui avete bisogno...</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c5414e0e-a3d8-4fc3-8679-47e5eb2822e1\" data-image-id=\"c5414e0e-a3d8-4fc3-8679-47e5eb2822e1\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/24b39ff0-cbf0-48e4-afcc-0e3705185d45/Sampe%20projects.png\" data-asset-id=\"c5414e0e-a3d8-4fc3-8679-47e5eb2822e1\" data-image-id=\"c5414e0e-a3d8-4fc3-8679-47e5eb2822e1\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Non dovete fare altro che trovare quello più adatto al vostro progetto, scaricarlo e adattarlo al vostro progetto. <strong>Semplice, diretto e gratuito.</strong> La categoria <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/all?category=sample_project\">Progetti di esempio</a> è un ottimo tipo di contenuto, dove è possibile trovare nuove ispirazioni e anche una panoramica delle funzionalità delle applicazioni IDEA StatiCa presentate sull'uso pratico nel mondo reale.</p>\n<h2>#3 Centro di supporto</h2>\n<p>Spesso una parte significativa del tempo di progettazione viene impiegata per cercare informazioni appropriate relative a una particolare struttura, ai requisiti del codice o alle specifiche del progetto. Questo potrebbe essere l'elemento cruciale per risparmiare tempo: una fonte di informazioni affidabile (senza una lunga ricerca nei manuali di progettazione o in diverse risorse Internet).</p>\n<p>Il <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center\">Support center</a> IDEA StatiCa è una fonte di informazioni complesse e di qualità: contiene tonnellate di informazioni dedicate alla progettazione delle connessioni. E grazie a un algoritmo di ricerca robusto e sofisticato, si ottengono i risultati migliori in base alle proprie esigenze.</p>\n<p>Basta una parola per ottenere un'ampia gamma di risorse utili.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bcc6c3e2-34cb-46e9-882d-ca692f65a15e\" data-image-id=\"bcc6c3e2-34cb-46e9-882d-ca692f65a15e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/49a5c22e-f825-4865-8de1-4cfff10c1f55/Support%20center_02.png\" data-asset-id=\"bcc6c3e2-34cb-46e9-882d-ca692f65a15e\" data-image-id=\"bcc6c3e2-34cb-46e9-882d-ca692f65a15e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Poiché ognuno di noi ha preferenze diverse in fatto di fonti, è possibile scegliere la forma di informazione più adatta alle proprie esigenze. Le informazioni vengono fornite in varie forme.</p>\n<p>Scoprite quanti contenuti relativi al <strong>design delle connessioni</strong> sono disponibili solo per voi (dati al febbraio 2021):</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/all?product=connection_design&category=webinar\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">69 webinar</a>,</li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/all?product=connection_design&category=webinar\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">34 tutorial e tutorial sui collegamenti BIM</a>,</li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/all?product=connection_design&category=knowledgebase_article&category=faq\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oltre 200 articoli di Conoesceza di base</a>,</li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/all?product=connection_design&category=verification_example&category=scientific_article\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">80 articoli di verifica ed esempi</a>,</li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center/sample-projects-for-steel-connection-design\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">50 progetti di esempio</a></li>\n <li>e molto altro ancora.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>#4 Visualizzatore di progetti</h2>\n<p>Uno dei modi più rapidi per comunicare le vostre idee sul progetto di connessione è quello di mostrare il modello 3D ai vostri partner commerciali sul cloud attraverso il browser web (vedi ad esempio il <a data-item-id=\"5b39bcd0-4f5e-463d-9ef7-b6dd5cdf58ee\" href=\"\">post sul blog - Project Viewer</a>).</p>\n<p>I vantaggi di questo tipo di comunicazione sono piuttosto evidenti:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>il partner commerciale non ha bisogno di acquistare o installare l'applicazione IDEA StatiCa,</li>\n <li>una connessione a Internet e un browser web sono gli unici requisiti necessari,</li>\n <li>non ci sono costi per entrambe le parti,</li>\n <li>non è necessario esportare il modello 3D in disegni 2D attraverso software di terze parti, mentre il visualizzatore può esportarlo direttamente nel formato DWG generale.</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>#5 GitHub IDEA Open Model</h2>\n<p>Se si utilizza un'applicazione FEA di calcolo propria o si modellano le connessioni con il proprio software CAD, è comunque possibile sfruttare la forza e i vantaggi dei prodotti IDEA StatiCa. I nostri sviluppatori hanno preparato un'interfaccia di programmazione delle applicazioni (API) per l'interconnessione tra vari software tramite IDEA Open Model (IOM).</p>\n<p>Qual è il principale vantaggio dell'implementazione di questa funzione?</p>\n<p>È ancora possibile utilizzare il proprio software, per il quale si è già pagato, e i prodotti IDEA StatiCa - entrambi i software in modo indipendente. Ma in questo caso dovrete fare un po' di lavoro due volte.</p>\n<p>Oppure potete implementare IDEA Open Model e iniziare a sfruttare il vantaggio delle interconnessioni dirette di import-export, evitando di dover modellare tutto due volte.</p>\n<p>Potete trovare tutti i dettagli necessari nel nostro <a data-item-id=\"f38cae61-35a0-50a4-8bf6-e729d2901cb4\" href=\"\">post sul blog - IDEA Open Model</a> dedicato a questo argomento o direttamente sulla <a href=\"https://github.com/idea-statica\">pagina web di GitHub</a>.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"link\" data-codename=\"untitled_content_item_a1697b4\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>Per definire i carichi, è possibile utilizzare una delle cinque opzioni seguenti:</p>\n<ol>\n <li><a href=\"#manual_input_table\">Inserimento manuale nella tabella</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"#manual_input_spreadsheet\">Inserimento manuale da un foglio di calcolo</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"#automatic_import_checkbot\">Importazione automatica tramite il collegamento BIM (IDEA StatiCa Checkbot)</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"#load_transfer\">Trasferimento del carico da un progetto di connessione a un altro</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"#percentage_load\">Carico percentuale basato sulla capacità della sezione trasversale</a></li>\n</ol>\n<p>Ora diamo un'occhiata a ciascuna delle opzioni dell'elenco.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n7992327e_7957_0151_9209_93c8bf4d81db\"></object>\n<h2>1. Inserimento manuale nella tabella</h2>\n<p>Questa è la procedura di base e la più semplice: Nella tabella dei carichi, è possibile caricare le membrature in base alla sestina delle sei forze interne.</p>\n<p>In base all'opzione selezionata \"Carichi in equilibrio\", la tabella delle forze non equilibrate viene visualizzata nella parte inferiore. (Nota: quando l'opzione è disattivata, non è possibile applicare il carico sull'elemento resistente. Per ulteriori informazioni, consultare la sezione <a data-item-id=\"f32270b7-97ff-5d81-94b7-35e6b51c7dde\" href=\"\">Equilibrio e vincolo della membratura</a>).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7d2f3aad-9708-49aa-b79d-6ce1b60f5188\" data-image-id=\"7d2f3aad-9708-49aa-b79d-6ce1b60f5188\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a057a28e-1b23-4520-9835-293a9495f08a/Load%201.png\" data-asset-id=\"7d2f3aad-9708-49aa-b79d-6ce1b60f5188\" data-image-id=\"7d2f3aad-9708-49aa-b79d-6ce1b60f5188\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Sono disponibili diverse azioni nella barra multifunzione superiore, sopra la tabella dei carichi, o nel menu del tasto destro del mouse. È possibile definire diversi casi di carico, copiare o cancellare quelli esistenti o deselezionare alcuni casi di carico per l'analisi (questi non saranno valutati).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"05c7d640-2173-4624-93fc-412284df6398\" data-image-id=\"05c7d640-2173-4624-93fc-412284df6398\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e208c1ea-d452-485c-bbf0-e1eb2e725b57/Load%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"05c7d640-2173-4624-93fc-412284df6398\" data-image-id=\"05c7d640-2173-4624-93fc-412284df6398\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Per visualizzare il diagramma del momento flettente sull'elemento selezionato, passare alla modalità di visualizzazione <strong>Wireframe </strong>(Fil di ferro - pulsante nell'angolo in alto a destra della scena 3D) e selezionare l'elemento nella tabella dei carichi. Il carico rosso nella scena rappresenta il carico nel vincolo (reazioni).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"542bb31c-b99f-4d11-94f8-341f9e352be9\" data-image-id=\"542bb31c-b99f-4d11-94f8-341f9e352be9\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/66b57ca3-a0bb-41e1-b614-1c677b84c045/Load%203.png\" data-asset-id=\"542bb31c-b99f-4d11-94f8-341f9e352be9\" data-image-id=\"542bb31c-b99f-4d11-94f8-341f9e352be9\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>In base al tipo di modello selezionato, le celle corrispondenti nella tabella dei carichi sono \"bloccate\" (impedendo l'input). Per saperne di più, consultare l'articolo <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/it/support-center/how-to-model-one-bolt-connection\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Come modellare una connessione con singolo bullone (Tipo di modello)</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"16d418dc-b1de-4b0a-94b9-fc79a9455a4b\" data-image-id=\"16d418dc-b1de-4b0a-94b9-fc79a9455a4b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ca5527b0-5084-4c61-afd5-6500cc0c0e31/Model%20type%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"16d418dc-b1de-4b0a-94b9-fc79a9455a4b\" data-image-id=\"16d418dc-b1de-4b0a-94b9-fc79a9455a4b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Per cambiare unità di misura, vedi <a data-item-id=\"832da2a8-6d89-4598-84c5-dfc30515c634\" href=\"\">Come cambiare unità di misura in IDEA StatiCa Connection</a>.</p>\n<p>Assicurati di aver impostato le forze nella posizione corretta insieme ai tipi di modello delle membrature corrispondenti. Per saperne di più leggi l'articolo <a data-item-id=\"a25875d5-40c2-5ae8-8919-18016fad28ff\" href=\"\">Come definire la posizione corretta del carico (Forze in)</a>.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n656c9be6_abf0_0123_e754_02a207af6d26\"></object>\n<h2>2. Inserimento manuale da un foglio di calcolo</h2>\n<p>Per risparmiare tempo o per trasferire il carico da un altro file di origine (può essere il modello di analisi globale o un altro modello IDEA StatiCa Connection), è possibile inserire nella tabella i valori delle varie combinazioni di carico da un foglio di calcolo. Utilizza il pulsante <strong>Importa XLS</strong> nella barra multifunzione superiore.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b0bdeb04-45c9-41cd-8f4a-97b8207e9997\" data-image-id=\"b0bdeb04-45c9-41cd-8f4a-97b8207e9997\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b21bb9e8-28c4-45a1-a883-c013396a481e/Load%204.png\" data-asset-id=\"b0bdeb04-45c9-41cd-8f4a-97b8207e9997\" data-image-id=\"b0bdeb04-45c9-41cd-8f4a-97b8207e9997\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Nella figura, la tabella Excel è composta da tre casi di carico. È sufficiente <strong>Copia + Incolla</strong> dei valori utilizzando <strong>CRTL+C </strong>e <strong>CTRL+V</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7b1bd5ba-bcb1-4056-a0d8-7fa0a2e0c441\" data-image-id=\"7b1bd5ba-bcb1-4056-a0d8-7fa0a2e0c441\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/41f5be3f-578c-4f67-bd37-d40c85307534/Load%205.png\" data-asset-id=\"7b1bd5ba-bcb1-4056-a0d8-7fa0a2e0c441\" data-image-id=\"7b1bd5ba-bcb1-4056-a0d8-7fa0a2e0c441\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>I valori vengono automaticamente suddivisi in tre casi di carico. Assicurati che l'ordine delle righe che state trasferendo corrisponda esattamente all'ordine delle membrature nella tabella dei carichi della connessione. È possibile <strong>riorganizzare</strong> la tabella utilizzando le frecce a destra. Per evitare il primo caso di carico vuoto, utilizzare l'opzione <strong>Sostituisci carichi esistenti</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"67fd8d57-6022-4512-b6ad-cd6f8de1fa4f\" data-image-id=\"67fd8d57-6022-4512-b6ad-cd6f8de1fa4f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9be3f133-c77a-4e35-bbfb-4e6da2b1c591/Load%206.png\" data-asset-id=\"67fd8d57-6022-4512-b6ad-cd6f8de1fa4f\" data-image-id=\"67fd8d57-6022-4512-b6ad-cd6f8de1fa4f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Dopo aver confermato con OK, vengono creati tre casi di carico. I valori zero nella tabella delle forze sbilanciate confermano che l'importazione è stata eseguita correttamente. Vedi anche <a data-item-id=\"0a4c97f6-c58f-5ef2-8fe4-89943e9c4fdb\" href=\"\">Come importare gli effetti di carico da un foglio Excel</a>.</p>\n<p>Per un ampio insieme di effetti di carico, si consiglia di utilizzare la funzione <a data-item-id=\"f1af1623-b7a3-4b77-8562-18cddae30194\" href=\"\">Selezione estremi di carico</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"60ae4962-7fb3-48fb-af03-b9e10cc2c5d4\" data-image-id=\"60ae4962-7fb3-48fb-af03-b9e10cc2c5d4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c11b4686-30a1-4b96-9847-b30392c94ba8/Load%207.png\" data-asset-id=\"60ae4962-7fb3-48fb-af03-b9e10cc2c5d4\" data-image-id=\"60ae4962-7fb3-48fb-af03-b9e10cc2c5d4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Per trasferire il carico da un modello IDEA StatiCa Connection a un altro, è anche possibile esportare i valori in una tabella utilizzando il pulsante <strong>Esporta XLS </strong>nella barra multifunzione superiore. Gli effetti del carico vengono salvati come file CSV. Tuttavia, esiste anche un modo più semplice, descritto al punto 4. Trasferimento del carico da un progetto Connection a un altro.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"77501ba5-0343-4a9e-812e-2c5cb06296bb\" data-image-id=\"77501ba5-0343-4a9e-812e-2c5cb06296bb\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b67e22df-fa31-4834-a0d9-9215e22d5f89/Load%208.png\" data-asset-id=\"77501ba5-0343-4a9e-812e-2c5cb06296bb\" data-image-id=\"77501ba5-0343-4a9e-812e-2c5cb06296bb\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n74757142_c9f3_0175_5247_5252b0671707\"></object>\n<h2>3. Importazione automatica tramite il collegamento BIM (IDEA StatiCa Checkbot)</h2>\n<p>Il flusso di lavoro BIM è una funzionalità essenziale di IDEA StatiCa Connection. Utilizzando il collegamento BIM, le forze interne di tutte le combinazioni di carico e di tutti i casi di carico vengono importate in una sola volta e automaticamente. Per trasferire in modo semplice e senza problemi non solo i carichi, ma anche tutte le membrature e le sezioni , abbiamo sviluppato <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/bim-links\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">IDEA StatiCa Checkbot</a>, un'applicazione che consente a IDEA StatiCa Connection di integrarsi perfettamente nell'intero processo BIM.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n9bbf110d_1dc2_01dc_5097_d22e717e72a1\"></object>\n<p>Scopri le funzionalità complete di <a data-item-id=\"4074acd5-0f5f-40f9-aa70-ac1ff373919d\" href=\"\">IDEA StatiCa Checkbot nell'articolo dedicato</a> o impara a usarlo insieme alla tua applicazione FEA/CAD in uno dei <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/support-center-tutorials?label=checkbot\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nostri tutorial</a>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4c8075e7-bfee-4b68-99b6-e70f346e703b\" data-image-id=\"4c8075e7-bfee-4b68-99b6-e70f346e703b\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/059861ec-187c-4545-b669-8027a4db8013/Checkbot%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"4c8075e7-bfee-4b68-99b6-e70f346e703b\" data-image-id=\"4c8075e7-bfee-4b68-99b6-e70f346e703b\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Se non sei sicuro che sia disponibile il collegamento BIM con l'applicazione con cui lavori, consulta le <a href=\"https://www.ideastatica.com/it/bim-integrations\" data-new-window=\"true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Integrazioni supportate</a>. Per saperne di più sull'argomento, leggi anche il blogpost <a data-item-id=\"765fe9a2-8335-43d4-b39f-1644fa998def\" href=\"\">BIM - La risposta a tutte le nostre preghiere (di ingegneria strutturale)?</a></p>\n<p>Le forze sbilanciate quando si importa il carico utilizzando il collegamento BIM sono discusse nell'articolo <a data-item-id=\"ff3dbaee-d843-5143-b29c-de5620fc3d7d\" href=\"\">Forze non equilibrate dall'importazione del collegamento BIM</a>.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"cd0ed45b_ea0c_01ce_d20e_a3859314acfb\"></object>\n<h2>4. Trasferimento del carico da un progetto Connection a un altro</h2>\n<p>Questa è un'altra opzione per trasferire il carico da un modello IDEA StatiCa Connection a un altro. Ciò può essere utile soprattutto quando si dispone di un modello CAD con connessioni progettate e di un modello strutturale in un programma FEA. In questo caso, si possono unire i carichi del modello di connessione esportato da FEA con il modello di connessione esportato da CAD e si è pronti per eseguire l'analisi.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"a48c7c30-afec-49a4-9411-5ebf0dc77b78\" data-image-id=\"a48c7c30-afec-49a4-9411-5ebf0dc77b78\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ab22f3e6-4cc8-4690-8877-0aef4ba1d3c2/How%20to%20combine%20Tekla%20Structures%20and%20SAP2000%20for%20steel%20connection%20design.png\" data-asset-id=\"a48c7c30-afec-49a4-9411-5ebf0dc77b78\" data-image-id=\"a48c7c30-afec-49a4-9411-5ebf0dc77b78\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Premi il pulsante <strong>Importa connessione</strong> nella barra multifunzione superiore.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cd93283f-5665-4d3c-a7ad-5d48a9cebac2\" data-image-id=\"cd93283f-5665-4d3c-a7ad-5d48a9cebac2\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1e09c965-7742-4bfa-a075-fb406f5798e8/Load%209.png\" data-asset-id=\"cd93283f-5665-4d3c-a7ad-5d48a9cebac2\" data-image-id=\"cd93283f-5665-4d3c-a7ad-5d48a9cebac2\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Selezio quindi il file .ideacon dal quale importare i carichi.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c4383328-4cee-4b5f-bcd0-de31fd1a6ccf\" data-image-id=\"c4383328-4cee-4b5f-bcd0-de31fd1a6ccf\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f4762ada-0bc1-4251-8d11-b5c0ef816b91/Load%2010.png\" data-asset-id=\"c4383328-4cee-4b5f-bcd0-de31fd1a6ccf\" data-image-id=\"c4383328-4cee-4b5f-bcd0-de31fd1a6ccf\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Tutti i casi di carico vengono trasferiti nel nuovo modello di connessione.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"3e181139-6f63-4555-9ba0-84d19b33401d\" data-image-id=\"3e181139-6f63-4555-9ba0-84d19b33401d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a92e2f7f-f726-46c3-8156-35e50cbecc8e/Load%2011.png\" data-asset-id=\"3e181139-6f63-4555-9ba0-84d19b33401d\" data-image-id=\"3e181139-6f63-4555-9ba0-84d19b33401d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Guarda la registrazione del nostro webinar <a data-item-id=\"f49107c3-7d30-45ad-b171-60b3ca12a47c\" href=\"\">Tackling IDEA StatiCa Connection - BIM links</a>, in cui viene spiegato il trasferimento del carico da un file .ideacon a un altro tramite la funzione Importa Connessione per combinare i modelli di Tekla e SAP2000.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n1c75ea38_bbd1_0164_e693_d6531170c2c4\"></object>\n<p>Il flusso di lavoro combinato è descritto anche nel nostro tutorial <a data-item-id=\"222de7bd-bfbc-5601-9021-26e5b4a3e0a4\" href=\"\">Come combinare Tekla Structures e SAP2000</a>.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"a29e7100_c07b_01e5_85e9_a175218dbcf2\"></object>\n<h2>5. Carico percentuale basato sulla capacità della sezione trasversale</h2>\n<p>Si tratta di un'opzione semplice per l'immissione degli effetti di carico: Le membrature possono essere caricate con una percentuale definita della capacità della sezione trasversale. L'impostazione dei carichi come percentuale della capacità della sezione trasversale è intesa principalmente come strumento semplice. È preferibile impostare i carichi in equilibrio.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2d1a91c7-5b2e-4310-b830-4b6f90947117\" data-image-id=\"2d1a91c7-5b2e-4310-b830-4b6f90947117\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9859cf4e-cb1a-411e-8406-39cf7de55279/Percentage%20loading%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"2d1a91c7-5b2e-4310-b830-4b6f90947117\" data-image-id=\"2d1a91c7-5b2e-4310-b830-4b6f90947117\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Per ulteriori informazioni su questa funzione, consultare l'articolo dedicato al <a data-item-id=\"b92caa67-b0b1-4a16-a385-8f4926f916b2\" href=\"\">carico percentuale</a>.</p>"
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"value": "<p>La nuova versione introduce un algoritmo migliorato per il calcolo delle distanze tra i bulloni (p<sub>1</sub>; p<sub>2</sub>), le estremità (e<sub>1</sub>) e i bordi (e<sub>2</sub>) <strong>per la verifica bearing check secondo Eurocodice</strong>. Questo miglioramento è importante soprattutto per le geometrie generiche delle piastre, per le piastre con aperture, arrotondamenti, ecc.</p>\n<p>L'algoritmo legge la direzione reale del vettore della forza di taglio risultante in un determinato bullone e calcola quindi le distanze necessarie per la bearing check.</p>\n<p>Le distanze dell'estremità (e<sub>1</sub>) e del bordo (e<sub>2</sub>) vengono determinate dividendo il contorno della piastra in tre segmenti. Il \"segmento finale\" è indicato da un intervallo di 60° nella direzione del vettore forza. I \"segmenti di bordo\" sono definiti da due intervalli di 65° perpendicolari al vettore forza. La distanza più breve tra un bullone e un bordo nel segmento rilevante viene quindi presa come distanza finale o dal bordo.</p>\n<p>L'algoritmo valuta tutte le piastre collegate dal bullone: le piastre di connessione (ad esempio, un piatto di giunzione), le piastre dell'elemento (ad esempio, una flangia superiore) e viene utilizzata la distanza più breve.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" data-image-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c166c28a-3f8f-4d50-99ba-857ed9b01e6c/Bolt%20bearing%20distances%201.png\" data-asset-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" data-image-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Le distanze tra i fori dei bulloni (p<sub>1</sub>; p<sub>2</sub>) vengono determinate vvirtualmente i fori dei bulloni circostanti di metà del loro diametro, quindi tracciando due linee in direzione e perpendicolari al vettore della forza di taglio. Le distanze dei fori dei bulloni allargati intersecate da queste linee vengono quindi considerate come p<sub>1</sub> e p<sub>2</sub> nel calcolo.</p>\n<p>Se le linee non si intersecano con il bullone visivamente più vicino (anche se la linea manca da vicino il bullone), questo bullone viene trascurato. Se le linee non si intersecano con nessun bullone, viene utilizzato un valore infinito.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" data-image-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b8152921-f220-412f-81de-8c8c83d7e2c2/Bolt%20bearing%20distances%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" data-image-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Disponibile in edizione <strong>Expert </strong>e <strong>Enhanced</strong>.</p>"
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"value": "<h3>Bulloni</h3>\n<p>La rigidezza iniziale e la resistenza di progetto dei bulloni a taglio sono indicate nel <a data-item-id=\"06158daa-1491-4e83-ac34-4964bd5a3c63\" href=\"\">CBFEM</a> redatto sulla base del Cl. 3.6 e 6.3.2 nella norma EN 1993-1-8. La molla, che rappresenta il carico e la trazione, ha un comportamento forza-deformazione bi-lineare con una rigidezza iniziale e una resistenza di progetto in accordo alla Cl. 3.6 e 6.3.2 nella norma EN 1993-1-8.</p>\n<p>Resistenza di progetto del bullone a trazione (EN 1993-1-8 - Tabella 3.4):</p>\n<p>\\[ F_{t,Rd}=0.9 f_{ub} A_s / \\gamma_{M2} \\]</p>\n<p>Resistenza di progetto a taglio mediante punzonamento della testa del bullone o del dado (EN 1993-1-8 - Tabella 3.4):</p>\n<p>\\[ B_{p,Rd} = 0.6 \\pi d_m t_p f_u / \\gamma_{M2} \\]</p>\n<p>Resistenza di progetto a taglio per un piano di taglio (EN 1993-1-8 - Tabella 3.4):</p>\n<p>\\[ F_{v,Rd} = \\alpha_v f_{ub} A_s / \\gamma_{M2} \\]</p>\n<p>La resistenza di progetto a taglio può essere moltiplicata per il fattore di riduzione <em>β</em><sub>p</sub> se è presente un'imbottitura (EN 1993-1-8 - Cl.). 3.6.1. (12)) e questa opzione è selezionata in Impostazione codice.</p>\n<p>Resistenza di progetto a rifollamento di una piastra (EN 1993-1-8 - Tabella 3.4):</p>\n<p>\\( F_{b,Rd} = k_1 \\alpha_b f_u d t / \\gamma_{M2} \\) per fori standard</p>\n<p>\\( F_{b,Rd} = 0.6 k_1 \\alpha_b f_u d t / \\gamma_{M2} \\) per fori asolati</p>\n<p>Utilizzo in trazione [%]:</p>\n<p>\\[ Ut_t = \\frac{F_{t,Ed}}{\\min (F_{t,Rd},\\, B_{p,Rd})} \\]</p>\n<p>Utilizzo a taglio [%]:</p>\n<p>\\[ Ut_s = \\frac{F_{v,Ed}}{\\min (F_{v,Rd},\\, F_{b,Rd})} \\]</p>\n<p>Interazione al taglio e trazione [%]:</p>\n<p>\\[ Ut_{ts}=\\frac{F_{v,Ed}}{F_{v,Rd}}+\\frac{F_{t,Ed}}{1.4 F_{t,Rd}} \\]</p>\n<p>dove:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><em>A</em><sub>s</sub> – area del bullone sollecitata a trazione </li>\n <li><em>f</em><sub>ub</sub> – resistenza ultima del bullone a trazione</li>\n <li><em>d</em><sub>m</sub> – media delle distanze piane tra i punti e le larghezze della testa del bullone o del dado, a seconda della più piccola</li>\n <li><em>d</em> – diametro del bullone</li>\n <li><em>t</em><sub>p</sub> – spessore della piastra sotto la testa del bullone/dado</li>\n <li><em>f</em><sub>u</sub> – resistenza ultima dell'acciaio</li>\n <li><em>α</em><sub>v</sub> = 0.6 per classi 4.6, 5.6, 8.8 e 0.5 per classi 4.8, 5.8, 6.8, 10.9</li>\n <li>\\( k_1 = \\min \\left \\{2.8 \\frac{e_2}{d_0}-1.7, \\, 1.4 \\frac{p_2}{d_0}-1.7, \\, 2.5 \\right \\} \\) – coefficiente indicato nella Tabella 3.4</li>\n <li>\\(\\alpha_b = 1.0\\) se la verifica in bearing con \\(\\alpha_b\\) è disattivata in Impostazione codice; se la verifica è attiva, il valore di <em>α</em><sub>b</sub> è determinato secondo la EN 1993-1-8 – Tabella 3.4: \\( \\alpha_b = \\min \\left \\{ \\alpha_d, \\, \\frac{f_{ub}}{f_u}, \\, 1.0 \\right \\} \\)</li>\n <li>\\(\\alpha_d = \\min \\left \\{ \\frac{e_1}{3 d_0}, \\, \\frac{p_1}{3 d_0}-\\frac{1}{4} \\right \\} \\)</li>\n <li><em>e</em><sub>1</sub>, <em>e</em><sub>2</sub> – distanze dal bordo nella direzione del carico e perpendicolari al carico</li>\n <li><em>p</em><sub>1</sub>, <em>p</em><sub>2</sub> – passi dei bulloni nella direzione del carico e perpendicolari al carico</li>\n <li><em>F</em><sub>t,Ed</sub> – forza di progetto a trazione nel bullone</li>\n <li><em>F</em><sub>v,Ed</sub> – forza di taglio di progetto nel bullone</li>\n <li><em>γ</em><sub>M2</sub> – coefficiente di sicurezza (EN 1993-1-8 – Tabella 2.1; modificabile in Impostazione codice)</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"de7215de-898d-4c3b-bd97-fa57ff69311e\" data-image-id=\"de7215de-898d-4c3b-bd97-fa57ff69311e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a7118264-bc51-467c-af9b-09b310aea86a/Bolt_check.png\" data-asset-id=\"de7215de-898d-4c3b-bd97-fa57ff69311e\" data-image-id=\"de7215de-898d-4c3b-bd97-fa57ff69311e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Le distanze dai bordi utilizzate per la resistenza (bearing resistance) dei bulloni devono essere rilevante per le geometrie generali delle piastre, per le piastre con aperture, per le sagome, ecc.</p>\n<p>L'algoritmo legge la direzione reale del vettore della forza di taglio risultante in un dato bullone e, successivamente, calcola le distanze necessarie per la verifica (bearing check).</p>\n<p>Le distanze dall'estremità (<em>e</em><sub>1</sub>) e dal bordo (<em>e</em><sub>2</sub>) sono determinate dividendo il contorno della piastra in tre segmenti. Il segmento di estremità è indicato da un angolo di 60° nella direzione del vettore della forza. I segmenti di bordo sono definiti da due angoli di 65° perpendicolari al vettore di forza. La distanza più breve tra un bullone e un segmento rilevante è considerata, quindi, come una distanza di estremità o di bordo.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" data-image-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c166c28a-3f8f-4d50-99ba-857ed9b01e6c/Bolt%20bearing%20distances%201.png\" data-asset-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" data-image-id=\"206cf95d-3010-4d11-ab8a-aceb3f62bdc6\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Le distanze tra i fori dei bulloni (<em>p</em><sub>1</sub>; <em>p</em><sub>2</sub>) sono determinate allargando virtualmente i fori dei bulloni circostanti per metà del loro diametro e, successivamente, tracciando due linee, una parallela e una perpendicolare, al vettore della forza di taglio. Le distanze dai fori dei bulloni allargati che sono intersecati da queste linee sono quindi considerate nel calcolo come <em>p</em><sub>1</sub> e <em>p</em><sub>2</sub>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" data-image-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b8152921-f220-412f-81de-8c8c83d7e2c2/Bolt%20bearing%20distances%202.png\" data-asset-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" data-image-id=\"15a106be-af4c-4966-ac50-a889863e1a5c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h4>Bulloni che collegano piastre sottili</h4>\n<p>Per i bulloni che collegano piastre di spessore inferiore a 3 mm, si applicano invece le disposizioni della norma EN 1993-1-3, Tabella 8.4. </p>\n<p><strong>Resistenza di progetto a rifollamento della piastra</strong></p>\n<p>\\[F_{b,Rd}=2.5\\cdot \\alpha_b \\cdot k_t \\cdot f_u \\cdot d \\cdot t /\\gamma_{M2}\\]</p>\n<p>dove:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>\\( \\alpha_b=\\min \\left \\{ 1.0, e_1/(3d) \\right \\} \\)</li>\n <li>\\(k_t = (0.8 t+1.5)/2.5 \\) for 0.75 mm \\(\\le t \\le\\) 1.25 mm; \\( k_t=1.0 \\) for \\(t>1.25\\) mm</li>\n <li>\\(f_u\\) – resistenza ultima della piastra collegata</li>\n <li>\\(d\\) – diametro del bullone</li>\n <li>\\(t\\) – spessore della piastra collegata</li>\n <li>\\(\\gamma_{M2}\\) – coefficiente di sicurezza parziale per i collegamenti, editabile in Impostazione codice; valore predefinito \\(\\gamma_{M2}=1.25\\)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>La resistenza a taglio, la resistenza a trazione, l'interazione di trazione e di taglio e la resistenza a taglio mediante rifollamento sono determinate in base alla norma EN 1993-1-8 - ugualmente ai bulloni che collegano piastre con uno spessore superiore a 3 mm.</p>\n<p><strong>Intervallo di validità:</strong></p>\n<p>\\[e_1 \\ge 1.0 d_0 \\]</p>\n<p>\\[p_1 \\ge 3 d_0 \\]</p>\n<p>\\[e_2 \\ge 1.5 d_0 \\]</p>\n<p>\\[p_2 \\ge 3 d_0 \\]</p>\n<p>\\[ f_u \\le 550 \\textrm{ MPa} \\]</p>\n<p>\\[3 \\textrm{ mm} > t \\ge 0.75 \\textrm{ mm} \\]</p>\n<p>Dimensione minima dei bulloni: M6 – verificata come \\(d \\ge 6\\) mm</p>\n<p>Classe di resistenza dei bulloni: 4.6 – 10.9 – verificata come \\(f_u \\le 1000\\) MPa</p>\n<p>I bulloni saranno contrassegnati come non verificati se non rientreranno nell'intervallo di validità.</p>\n<h3>Bulloni precaricati</h3>\n<p>Resistenza di progetto a scorrimento per bulloni di classe 8.8 o 10.9 (EN 1993-1-8, Cl. 3.9 - Equazione 3.8):</p>\n<p>\\[ F_{s,Rd} =\\frac{k_s n \\mu (F_{p,C} - 0.8 F_{t,Ed})}{\\gamma_{M3}} \\]</p>\n<p>Il precarico (EN 1993-1-8 – Equazione 3.7)</p>\n<p><em>F</em><sub>p,C</sub> = 0.7 <em>f</em><sub>ub</sub> <em>A</em><sub>s</sub></p>\n<p>Il fattore di precarico 0,7 può essere modificato in Impostazione codice.</p>\n<p>Utilizzo [%]:</p>\n<p>\\[ Ut_s = \\frac{V}{F_{s,Rd}} \\]</p>\n<p>dove:</p>\n<ul>\n <li><em>A</em><sub>s</sub> – area del bullone sollecitata a trazione </li>\n <li><em>f</em><sub>ub</sub> – resistenza ultima a trazione</li>\n <li><em>k</em><sub>s</sub> – coefficiente (EN 1993-1-8 – Tabella 3.6; <em>k</em><sub>s</sub> = 1 per i fori tondi normali, <em>k</em><sub>s</sub> = 0.63 per i fori asolati)</li>\n <li><em>μ</em> – coefficiente di scorrimento modificabile in Impostazione codice (EN 1993-1-8 – Tabella 3.7)</li>\n <li><em>n</em> – numero delle superfici di attrito. La verifica è calcolata separatamente per ogni superficie di attrito.</li>\n <li><em>γ</em><sub>M3</sub> – coefficiente di sicurezza (EN 1993-1-8 - Tabella 2.1; editabile in Impostazione codice - i valori raccomandati di progetto sono 1,25 per lo stato limite ultimo e 1,1 per lo stato limite di esercizio)</li>\n <li><em>V</em> – forza di taglio di progetto nel bullone</li>\n <li><em>F</em><sub>t,Ed</sub> – forza di trazione di progetto nel bullone</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Se lo scorrimento dei bulloni precaricati viene verificato per lo stato limite di esercizio, questi devono essere successivamente commutati in \"interazione trazione/taglio\" e verificati per lo stato limite ultimo.</p>\n<h3>Resistenza di progetto al fuoco</h3>\n<p>Si presume che i bulloni precaricati slittino, per cui le verifiche dei bulloni portanti e dei bulloni precaricati sono le stesse.</p>\n<p>Sono eseguite sia verifiche al fuoco sia a temperatura ambiente e il valore minimo viene scelto come resistenza al carico di progetto.</p>\n<p>A temperatura elevata, i bulloni sono verificati secondo la norma EN 1993-1-2, Allegato D. Si noti che l'area ridotta dalla filettatura è sempre utilizzata per la verifica a taglio secondo il punto D1.1.1. </p>\n<h3>Dettagli</h3>\n<p>Le verifiche dei dettagli dei bulloni sono eseguiti se l'opzione è selezionata in impostazione codice. Sono verificate le distanze dal centro del bullone ai bordi della piastra e tra i bulloni. Le distanze raccomandate dai bordi <em>e</em> = 1,2 e tra i bulloni <em>p</em> = 2,2 sono indicate nella Tabella 3.3 secondo la norma EN 1993-1-8. L'utente può modificare entrambi i valori in Impostazione codice.</p>\n<p>È controllato lo spessore minimo delle piastre collegate da bulloni. Lo spessore delle piastre deve essere superiore a 0,75 mm in conformità alla norma EN 1993-1-3 - Tabella 8.4.</p>\n<p>Le informazioni sono fornite quando i requisiti di duttilità e di capacità di rotazione per il collegamento bullonato in trazione non sono soddisfatti, in conformità alla norma EN 1993-1-8 - 6.4.2. Se il bullone è caricato prevalentemente in trazione, la piastra collegata più sottile dovrebbe soddisfare tali requisiti:</p>\n<p>\\[t \\le 0,36d \\sqrt{\\frac{f_{ub}}{f_y}}\\]</p>\n<p>Le dimensioni predefinite dei gruppi di bulloni sono stabilite in conformità alle norme EN ISO 4014 - Teste di bulloni esagonali; EN ISO 4032 - Dadi esagonali regolari; EN ISO 7089 - Rondelle piane - Serie normale - Grado prodotto A. </p>"
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"value": "<p>Per definire i bulloni precaricati in tutte le operazioni di produzione pertinenti (piastre di estremità, piastre di connessione, fazzoletti, ecc.), andare all'opzione <strong>Trasferimento della forza di taglio</strong> nella scheda Bulloni e scegliere l'opzione <strong>Attrito</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6071f9a2-b820-4868-9807-9eab344f148c\" data-image-id=\"6071f9a2-b820-4868-9807-9eab344f148c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/d8f6adba-df04-42d9-8cec-70a39896ee90/pre_loaded_01.png\" data-asset-id=\"6071f9a2-b820-4868-9807-9eab344f148c\" data-image-id=\"6071f9a2-b820-4868-9807-9eab344f148c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Per verificare allo SLU e allo SLE, è necessario eseguire l'analisi due volte (o fare due copie del modello): una prima volta per SLU e una seconda per SLE, <em>perché ciascuno degli stati limite ha un fattore di sicurezza diverso.</em></p>\n<p>Aprire la finestra <strong>Impostazione codice</strong> e modificare i coefficienti di sicurezza per ogni stato limite, nonché il coefficiente di attrito e il fattore di forza di pretensione in accordo al codice di progetto utilizzato, come descritto nel video.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"f8698261_12d1_01b7_aad6_e20cebb260a8\"></object>\n<p>Nella scheda dei risultati <strong>Bulloni precaricati</strong> è possibile leggere la forza di resistenza allo scorrimento.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2b51fb7a-6c65-4c54-ad19-f583983af540\" data-image-id=\"2b51fb7a-6c65-4c54-ad19-f583983af540\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5621869a-85c6-4341-902e-559b1a4ba89c/pre_loaded_02.png\" data-asset-id=\"2b51fb7a-6c65-4c54-ad19-f583983af540\" data-image-id=\"2b51fb7a-6c65-4c54-ad19-f583983af540\" alt=\"\"></figure>"
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"value": "<p>Perché la forza di trazione in un bullone è più alta rispetto a quella prevista da un calcolo manuale? Perché ci sono forze di trazione nei bulloni in una connessione con piastra d'anima? Perché le forze di trazione nei bulloni a volte sono diverse per ogni classe di bullone?</p>\n<p>La risposta comune è il modello CBFEM utilizzato nelle applicazioni IDEA StatiCa. La deformazione delle piastre e di altre parti viene calcolata come parte dell'analisi agli elementi finiti e quindi entrano in azione le forze dell'effetto leva (prying forces). Le forze dovute all'effetto leva sono carichi aggiuntivi introdotti anche sui bulloni.</p>\n<p>A causa dell'effetto leva, le forze di trazione risultanti nei bulloni possono variare molto a seconda del progetto della connessione, della resistenza delle parti della connessione e degli effetti del carico applicato.</p>\n<h3>Forze di trazione nei bulloni di un collegamento con piastra d'anima</h3>\n<p>Nella maggior parte dei casi, i collegamenti con piastra d'anima utilizzano una sola piastra per collegare la membratura. La conseguenza è che si applica una piccola eccentricità alla connessione. Questa eccentricità provoca ulteriori prying forces sulle piastre, che inducono trazione nei bulloni.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4486942c-5444-4f7d-9552-b3ccfee011d2\" data-image-id=\"4486942c-5444-4f7d-9552-b3ccfee011d2\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/4a1da3cf-3f26-4ecb-9034-3943f4fc674a/tension_01.png\" data-asset-id=\"4486942c-5444-4f7d-9552-b3ccfee011d2\" data-image-id=\"4486942c-5444-4f7d-9552-b3ccfee011d2\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Se si utilizza un collegamento con doppia e la connessione è simmetrica, le uniche forze di trazione nei bulloni sono dovute alla deformazione delle piastre d'anima perché, con le deformazioni, si produce un'eccentricità aggiuntiva.</p>\n<h3>Forze di trazione più elevate nei bulloni di una connessione con piastra di estremità</h3>\n<p>Quanto più sottile è la piastra di estremità, tanto maggiore è la deformazione sotto gli effetti del carico. Ciò aggiunge l'effetto leva e forze di trazione aggiuntive vengono applicate ai bulloni. Se la piastra di estremità è spessa e quindi sufficientemente rigida, l'effetto leva non viene considerato. Vediamo questo effetto in un esempio semplice:</p>\n<p><strong>a) Piastra di estremità - spessore 10 mm, forza di trazione applicata 200 kN</strong></p>\n<p>Forza di trazione risultante in 4 bulloni: 61,5 x 4 = 246 kN</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6a23a185-24a3-4c5e-bfac-ff6483e05929\" data-image-id=\"6a23a185-24a3-4c5e-bfac-ff6483e05929\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e20b4dd4-fe45-413f-97c7-4fe13ca7c540/high_bold_1-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"6a23a185-24a3-4c5e-bfac-ff6483e05929\" data-image-id=\"6a23a185-24a3-4c5e-bfac-ff6483e05929\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>b) Piastra di estremità - spessore 40 mm, forza di trazione applicata 200 kN</strong></p>\n<p>Forza di trazione risultante in 4 bulloni: 49,9 x 4 = 200 kN</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e8da6b79-a383-4bc2-a008-ae2c832aad5f\" data-image-id=\"e8da6b79-a383-4bc2-a008-ae2c832aad5f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bd6a2ceb-9ec5-40dd-9ce3-064ce374ca8e/high_bold_0-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"e8da6b79-a383-4bc2-a008-ae2c832aad5f\" data-image-id=\"e8da6b79-a383-4bc2-a008-ae2c832aad5f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h3>Differenti forze di trazione nei bulloni in base al tipo di bullone</h3>\n<p>Ogni tipo di bullone ha un diagramma di lavoro diverso e valori diversi di resistenza allo snervamento. In una connessione piastra con piastra di due travi caricate da un momento flettente, viene mostrato il confronto tra i le tre diverse cliassi di bulloni (8.8, 10.9 e 5.6) di un bullone M20.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"49241006-cd6c-455c-bedd-1abdad4ee7fa\" data-image-id=\"49241006-cd6c-455c-bedd-1abdad4ee7fa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/8ad97c09-8495-4e96-9644-2e3d6881ffdc/Different%20tension%20forces%20in%20the%20bolts2.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"49241006-cd6c-455c-bedd-1abdad4ee7fa\" data-image-id=\"49241006-cd6c-455c-bedd-1abdad4ee7fa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Per effetti di carico relativamente bassi, le forze di trazione risultanti nei bulloni per ogni classe mostrano valori simili.</p>\n<p>Tuttavia, per effetti di carico che comportano un elevato utilizzo dei bulloni (e la plastificazione nei bulloni), la forza di trazione varia a seconda della classe del bullone. Più alto è la classe del bullone, più alta è la forza di trazione risultante.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"4b6625e6-e1f4-41a5-8d51-7d79833a38ae\" data-image-id=\"4b6625e6-e1f4-41a5-8d51-7d79833a38ae\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/78bfa398-4040-40c1-9bb2-7fe6c5731976/Different%20tension%20forces%20in%20the%20bolts4.png\" data-asset-id=\"4b6625e6-e1f4-41a5-8d51-7d79833a38ae\" data-image-id=\"4b6625e6-e1f4-41a5-8d51-7d79833a38ae\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Per ulteriori informazioni, guarda il <a data-item-id=\"d4aa2923-a94a-4c40-8fd8-93608acbf893\" href=\"\">background teorico</a> e la registrazione video.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"c5e09095_c6f4_01d7_2434_b614dc587609\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>Questo articolo mostra come modellare un elemento tubolare inclinato collegato da una piastra di connessione alla piastra di base, che è ancorata al blocco di calcestruzzo. Si tratta di un tipico ancoraggio di un elemento di rinforzo.</p>\n<p>1. Creare un Piatto di irrigidimento generico per formare la piastra di base.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"36e8806e-c4f0-4066-8823-89dbac282e7c\" data-image-id=\"36e8806e-c4f0-4066-8823-89dbac282e7c\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e1797fb2-fe31-4e44-aeec-2e49695473fe/1-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"36e8806e-c4f0-4066-8823-89dbac282e7c\" data-image-id=\"36e8806e-c4f0-4066-8823-89dbac282e7c\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>2. Definire gli ancoraggi generici con l'operazione Griglia per bulloni per ancorare la piastra di base al blocco di cemento.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"08105116-f1e3-4d85-8b84-e2ef7a868103\" data-image-id=\"08105116-f1e3-4d85-8b84-e2ef7a868103\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/cb4329fb-0bd2-4323-b2e2-05a760da5e80/2-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"08105116-f1e3-4d85-8b84-e2ef7a868103\" data-image-id=\"08105116-f1e3-4d85-8b84-e2ef7a868103\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>3. Aggiungere un altro piatto di irrigidimento generico nella giusta posizione per creare una nervatura che passi attraverso il tubo e saldarla alla piastra di base.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9c508d86-be3f-44c8-83a6-259353cbca80\" data-image-id=\"9c508d86-be3f-44c8-83a6-259353cbca80\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/837c511c-f6e9-4822-a339-cf3b6f1392fd/3-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"9c508d86-be3f-44c8-83a6-259353cbca80\" data-image-id=\"9c508d86-be3f-44c8-83a6-259353cbca80\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>4. Aggiungere l'operazione di produzione della piastra di connessione e regolarne le proprietà in modo che produca due bulloni. Le piastre vengono modellate nell'Editor in modo da ottenere una forma arrotondata.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"42524397-a12c-43f2-90e6-9a50a83d26e5\" data-image-id=\"42524397-a12c-43f2-90e6-9a50a83d26e5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a330c1d7-47ae-468b-b3a7-f5b58c61b9c8/4-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"42524397-a12c-43f2-90e6-9a50a83d26e5\" data-image-id=\"42524397-a12c-43f2-90e6-9a50a83d26e5\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>5. Il basamento con piastra di collegamento è pronto per essere calcolato. Per simulare l'elemento di rinforzo che trasferisce solo la forza normale e di taglio, cambiare il <a data-item-id=\"ac982d36-e45a-5d9f-93f8-344206647dc4\" href=\"\">tipo di modello</a> in N-Vy-Vz.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"ad9cc9e2-609b-4e85-b1b5-f0d0e6eaf741\" data-image-id=\"ad9cc9e2-609b-4e85-b1b5-f0d0e6eaf741\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/8296f75b-ae48-4ae8-a14f-ea63631dde84/0-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"ad9cc9e2-609b-4e85-b1b5-f0d0e6eaf741\" data-image-id=\"ad9cc9e2-609b-4e85-b1b5-f0d0e6eaf741\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Vedere i dettagli nel video registrato.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"ec1bb5f3_2e29_0163_b123_7d7b6bd38a92\"></object>"
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"value": "<p>The Code-check manager (CCM) for BIM links was improved by the possibility to select multiple joints of the global model in one go. This is feature is available for both CAD and FEA applications.</p>\n<p>In CAD apps, you will find a new button while in FEA apps, this feature works by selecting multiple joints in the global model and selecting the Connection/Member button in CCM.</p>\n<h2>Bulk selection in FEA software</h2>\n<p>In the FEA software select individual nodes one by one or drag over multiple nodes and select them as a bulk. Then click the <strong>Connection </strong>or <strong>Member </strong>button in CCM to import the data.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cef1fddb-6668-4742-b824-2bb67c1a99c2\" data-image-id=\"cef1fddb-6668-4742-b824-2bb67c1a99c2\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/726d8942-c761-4270-90e8-7f9691c972ac/BIMselection2.png\" data-asset-id=\"cef1fddb-6668-4742-b824-2bb67c1a99c2\" data-image-id=\"cef1fddb-6668-4742-b824-2bb67c1a99c2\" alt=\"Connections imported from Robot Structural Analysis by multiple selection feature\"></figure>\n<p>You can also use the <strong>Synchronize all </strong>function, after changing parameters in the structural model (e.g. load combination, a cross-section of a beam) to upload the new data to all the joints on the list while keeping the previously created design.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e9760022-8172-4b1c-9b61-4bddad5cb758\" data-image-id=\"e9760022-8172-4b1c-9b61-4bddad5cb758\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/214c4fd1-89f5-4eaa-8bf3-3e86f8b5c4ba/Code-check%20manager%20commands%2001.png\" data-asset-id=\"e9760022-8172-4b1c-9b61-4bddad5cb758\" data-image-id=\"e9760022-8172-4b1c-9b61-4bddad5cb758\" alt=\"Code-check manager commands\"></figure>\n<h2>Bulk selection in CAD software</h2>\n<p>For the CAD software, there are two buttons in the CCM - the <strong>Bulk </strong>and <strong>One</strong>.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5f292c23-1131-4144-a1cb-86758f269e34\" data-image-id=\"5f292c23-1131-4144-a1cb-86758f269e34\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2db3d858-7cf7-4963-b3f5-f90a1212dc7c/CCM%20Bulk%20selection.png\" data-asset-id=\"5f292c23-1131-4144-a1cb-86758f269e34\" data-image-id=\"5f292c23-1131-4144-a1cb-86758f269e34\" alt=\"Bulk selection\"></figure>\n<p>For <strong>One</strong> selection<strong> </strong>you need to process three steps - pick the node, select the members, and select the connection items, while hitting the spacebar to confirm each step.</p>\n<p>For <strong>Bulk</strong> selection drag over a part of the structure in the CAD model and hit the spacebar. </p>\n<p>The Bearing Member is chosen automatically using the selection algorithm (e.g. first a column is chosen). The node position is picked automatically in the cross-section center of gravity at the end of the ended bearing member or in the middle of the continuous member.</p>\n<p>Currently, the only way to change the automated selection it is to use the <strong>One </strong>selection instead, then it will be the first member selected.</p>\n<object type=\"application/kenticocloud\" data-type=\"item\" data-rel=\"component\" data-codename=\"n1672ccbd_5a64_01ca_f324_fc5344baea3e\"></object>\n<p>Find information about the BIM links limitations in related articles below this page or search in the Support center.</p>\n<p>Available in <strong>Expert </strong>and <strong>Enhanced </strong>edition.</p>"
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"value": "<h2>Raccomandazioni generali</h2>\n<p>Si noti che in IDEA StatiCa Connection le membrature sono le uniche entità beam su cui si possono applicare i carichi. Le altre membrature sono definite in modo diverso, come un elemento di irrigidimento o un insieme di piastre. Questa regola va di pari passo con la procedura di importazione in tre fasi:</p>\n<ul>\n <ul>\n <li>Nel primo passo, si deve scegliere il <strong>nodo</strong> che rappresenterà il nodo del giunto.</li>\n <li>Nella seconda fase dell'importazione, si devono selezionare le <strong>membrature </strong>(sui quali saranno applicati i carichi).</li>\n <li>Nel terzo passo si devono selezionare <strong>tutte le altre entità della connessione</strong>: piastre, bulloni, saldature e, soprattutto, elementi su cui non saranno applicati i carichi (di solito stub, elementi di irrigidimento, ecc.).</li>\n </ul>\n</ul>\n<p>Prima di avviare la procedura di importazione, verificare sempre che nel modello Tekla Structures non vi siano spazi vuoti tra le piastre e gli elementi.</p>\n<p>Controllare sempre le saldature nel modello Tekla Structures prima di avviare la procedura di importazione.</p>\n<h2>Sezioni trasversali</h2>\n<p>IDEA StatiCa Connection può importare una grande varietà di sezioni trasversali da Tekla Structures. La procedura di importazione supporta questi tipi di sezioni:</p>\n<table><tbody>\n <tr><td>Tipo di sezione trasversale</td><td>Ingresso parametrico Tekla</td><td>Input di libreria Tekla</td></tr>\n <tr><td>I</td><td>X</td><td>X</td></tr>\n <tr><td>U</td><td>-</td><td>X</td></tr>\n <tr><td>L</td><td>X</td><td>X</td></tr>\n <tr><td>Circolare cava</td><td>X</td><td>X</td></tr>\n <tr><td>Cava rettangolare</td><td>X</td><td>X</td></tr>\n <tr><td>Piastra rettangolare</td><td>X</td><td>-</td></tr>\n <tr><td>Formati a freddo C</td><td>X</td><td>X</td></tr>\n</tbody></table>\n<p>Gli input parametrici sono le dimensioni definite dall'utente del tipo di sezione trasversale richiesto. L'input di libreria è una sezione trasversale selezionata dalla libreria Tekla.</p>\n<p>Durante il processo di importazione, la sezione trasversale importata viene confrontata con la sezione trasversale appropriata nei database di IDEA StatiCa Connection e viene scelta la sezione trasversale più simile. Se non c'è corrispondenza, viene proposta la tabella di conversione e l'utente deve scegliere la sezione trasversale dai database IDEA StatiCa.</p>\n<p><strong>Le sezioni saldate e composte non sono supportate.</strong></p>\n<p>L'utente deve prestare attenzione ai parametri della sezione trasversale della libreria, perché la libreria di Tekla Structures non contiene informazioni sugli arrotondamenti delle sezioni laminate a caldo. IDEA StatiCa Connection definisce i valori mancanti mediante le proprie tabelle di libreria.</p>\n<h2>Fori, aperture e intagli</h2>\n<ul>\n <li>Le aperture nelle piastre e gli intagli sono supportati e saranno importati.</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"9e8fb15a-136d-44f5-9cc9-34776b3a5620\" data-image-id=\"9e8fb15a-136d-44f5-9cc9-34776b3a5620\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/463ab80f-7ed2-44a0-8a02-74addc1533ed/C_KB_Tips%20and%20limitations%20for%20exporting%20from%20Tekla%20Structures_1_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"9e8fb15a-136d-44f5-9cc9-34776b3a5620\" data-image-id=\"9e8fb15a-136d-44f5-9cc9-34776b3a5620\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"50c8d68d-d76f-48b1-ae32-f7078a3c891e\" data-image-id=\"50c8d68d-d76f-48b1-ae32-f7078a3c891e\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/073a3e22-474d-4667-8bc0-6f370c4b653e/C_KB_Tips%20and%20limitations%20for%20exporting%20from%20Tekla%20Structures_1_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"50c8d68d-d76f-48b1-ae32-f7078a3c891e\" data-image-id=\"50c8d68d-d76f-48b1-ae32-f7078a3c891e\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Le saldature sugli elementi intagliati non sono supportate. Se le saldature sono necessarie, devono essere definite manualmente in IDEA StatiCa Connection.</p>\n<h2>Saldature</h2>\n<p>Le saldature vengono importate in IDEA StatiCa Connection, tuttavia l'opzione per le saldature AROUND è raccomandata come il modo migliore per definire le saldature.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"335ff8ac-244b-4a5c-9ebf-62bb42aa5d31\" data-image-id=\"335ff8ac-244b-4a5c-9ebf-62bb42aa5d31\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/9ce99341-c5c8-46f4-87cc-9595aa613155/C_KB_Tips%20and%20limitations%20for%20exporting%20from%20Tekla%20Structures_1_3.png\" data-asset-id=\"335ff8ac-244b-4a5c-9ebf-62bb42aa5d31\" data-image-id=\"335ff8ac-244b-4a5c-9ebf-62bb42aa5d31\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Purtroppo il software non è in grado di rilevare alcune saldature, quindi si consiglia di controllare sempre le saldature importate in IDEA StatiCa Connection. Se la saldatura non è importata, è meglio generare la saldatura per ogni piastra in Tekla.</p>\n<h2>Stub</h2>\n<p>L'elemento stub (moncone) è supportato e deve essere selezionato nella terza fase della procedura di selezione dell'importazione insieme a tutti gli elementi di giunzione (piastre, bulloni, saldature) - \"Seleziona parti della connessione\".</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"74c8bfeb-8a8e-4d24-8313-8a202370549d\" data-image-id=\"74c8bfeb-8a8e-4d24-8313-8a202370549d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b0765647-e7a6-438e-b554-e1c6f534dde5/C_KB_Tips%20and%20limitations%20for%20exporting%20from%20Tekla%20Structures_1_4.png\" data-asset-id=\"74c8bfeb-8a8e-4d24-8313-8a202370549d\" data-image-id=\"74c8bfeb-8a8e-4d24-8313-8a202370549d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Ancoraggio, piastra di base e blocco in calcestruzzo</h2>\n<p>La malta e il gap tra la piastra di base e la faccia in calcestruzzo non sono supportate e <strong>solo gli ancoraggi diritti </strong>sono supportati nell'importazione.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c8e0d253-faee-4ffc-b4bb-9270d0eaf96a\" data-image-id=\"c8e0d253-faee-4ffc-b4bb-9270d0eaf96a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3d53ce63-4500-4e7e-a70c-82d67553fa9b/Import%20of%20anchors%20from%20Tekla%20Structures%2002.png\" data-asset-id=\"c8e0d253-faee-4ffc-b4bb-9270d0eaf96a\" data-image-id=\"c8e0d253-faee-4ffc-b4bb-9270d0eaf96a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Le dimensioni del blocco in calcestruzzo (offset) potrebbero non essere trasferite con precisione e non corrispondere alle dimensioni in Tekla Structures.</p>\n<h2>Piastra di connessione del tirante (tondo pieno)</h2>\n<p>Un tondino saldato a una piastra di connessione viene importata senza le saldature. Questa può essere aggiunta in IDEA StatiCa Connection, ma non aggiungendo un'operazione di saldatura. La piastra di collegamento deve essere eliminata e sostituita da una nuova operazione Piastra di connessione assegnata per l'asta e la piastra di collegamento esistente.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0cf819d2-ed0c-4f9d-878d-e467a1f15931\" data-image-id=\"0cf819d2-ed0c-4f9d-878d-e467a1f15931\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3948ea17-14f4-4220-8ebc-2d0d06650dda/Known%20limitations%20for%20Tekla%20Structures.png\" data-asset-id=\"0cf819d2-ed0c-4f9d-878d-e467a1f15931\" data-image-id=\"0cf819d2-ed0c-4f9d-878d-e467a1f15931\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>In alternativa, la sezione circolare piena del tirante può essere sostituita da un tubo a parete spessa con area della sezione simile e poi questo profilo può essere collegato con una saldatura generica - di testa o di riempita.</p>\n<h2>Sincronizzazione delle connessioni</h2>\n<p>La funzionalità Sync della connessione funziona correttamente nel caso in cui sia necessario modificare i <strong>parametri di un elemento della Macro</strong>, ad esempio lo spessore della piastra, la dimensione e la distanza dei bulloni o la sezione trasversale della trave.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cb3c782f-391f-4892-8c63-c22cf69d57fa\" data-image-id=\"cb3c782f-391f-4892-8c63-c22cf69d57fa\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/da7daad8-de75-49a3-9d3c-3ef1c5011daa/Haunched_beam_sync.png\" data-asset-id=\"cb3c782f-391f-4892-8c63-c22cf69d57fa\" data-image-id=\"cb3c782f-391f-4892-8c63-c22cf69d57fa\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Tuttavia, se è necessario cambiare completamente la connessione con un'altra in cui gli elementi utilizzati sono significativamente diversi. Ad esempio, una connessione da piastra terminale a Hauched. Si consiglia di reimportare la connessione in Checkbot per una corretta sincronizzazione.</p>"
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"value": "<h2>Raccomandazioni generali</h2>\n<ul>\n <li>Si noti che in IDEA StatiCa Connection sono membri delle uniche entità di trave su cui verranno applicati i carichi. Tutte le altre travi sono definite in modo diverso. Questa regola è la prima della procedura di importazione in tre fasi. Nel secondo passo, devono essere selezionati i membri (sui quali saranno applicati i carichi). Nel terzo passo, devono essere selezionate tutte le altre entità collegate: piastre, bulloni, saldature e, soprattutto, le travi su cui non saranno applicati i carichi (di solito stub, elementi di irrigidimento, ecc.).</li>\n <li>Il modo migliore per progettare la connessione è utilizzare le macro definite in precedenza dal menu Avanzamento della volta della connessione in acciaio.</li>\n <li>La definizione del nodo è la fase più importante della procedura di importazione. Il modo migliore per progettare la costruzione in acciaio ben preparata al flusso di lavoro di importazione è quello di mantenere l'attenzione sulle linee centrali delle travi. Mantenere sempre l'intersezione delle linee centrali delle travi aiuterà a scegliere più facilmente il nodo.</li>\n <li>Sincronizzazione - l'aggiornamento dei dati è un processo complesso. A volte possono verificarsi perdite di dati e si possono verificare situazioni come quella descritta nell'immagine seguente (esempio A), quando è stata elaborata una modifica della sezione trasversale della trave e i dati delle operazioni di produzione sono andati persi. Niente panico, sappiamo come risolvere il problema. Basta chiudere la finestra IDEA StatiCa Connection e anche la finestra di Code-check manager. Quindi lanciare nuovamente Code-check manager ed eseguire nuovamente il processo di sincronizzazione. In questo modo, i dati saranno ripristinati e tutte le operazioni di produzione saranno presenti e valide (esempio B).</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"bf501f6c-8e6e-4eb9-9423-a2cb3028714d\" data-image-id=\"bf501f6c-8e6e-4eb9-9423-a2cb3028714d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/baa6d572-204e-451f-a4ad-6e3ebb44cd00/CCMSynchronizace.png\" data-asset-id=\"bf501f6c-8e6e-4eb9-9423-a2cb3028714d\" data-image-id=\"bf501f6c-8e6e-4eb9-9423-a2cb3028714d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Fori, aperture e intagli</h2>\n<h3>Taglio a volume negativo</h3>\n<p>Il taglio dell'elemento secondo un altro elemento è il modo più semplice per gestire aperture o intagli. La cosa più semplice in Advance Steel è definire un nuovo elemento, la sezione roled HSS verde nell'esempio seguente. La trave verde è posizionata in modo da penetrare nella flangia superiore della trave perpendicolare azzurra. Con il comando Contorno elemento, UCS dalla palette degli strumenti di Advance Steel, viene definito il taglio.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"436bd8e3-4da1-4aaa-a3b3-7393fcc1f039\" data-image-id=\"436bd8e3-4da1-4aaa-a3b3-7393fcc1f039\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b848ae18-dbcf-4ffe-8ed9-67148c3d7ed6/Negative1.png\" data-asset-id=\"436bd8e3-4da1-4aaa-a3b3-7393fcc1f039\" data-image-id=\"436bd8e3-4da1-4aaa-a3b3-7393fcc1f039\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>L'elaborazione del taglio per contorno è definita e IDEA Connection è in grado di importarla. L'elaborazione del taglio per contorno è ora parte dei dati della trave e verrà importata anche se non verrà selezionata nella terza fase del processo di selezione dell'importazione.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"fc6257bf-0d03-4b45-8958-011ea6443c7d\" data-image-id=\"fc6257bf-0d03-4b45-8958-011ea6443c7d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/97f3d0c4-09c7-4f77-8af7-8057d08b6156/Negative2.png\" data-asset-id=\"fc6257bf-0d03-4b45-8958-011ea6443c7d\" data-image-id=\"fc6257bf-0d03-4b45-8958-011ea6443c7d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>La trave verde a sezione laminata HSS utilizzata per il taglio non è più necessaria e può essere nascosta o eliminata.</p>\n<h3>Altri metodi</h3>\n<ul>\n <li>Le aperture nelle membrature e nelle piastre non sono supportate. Una soluzione è importare l'intero giunto e aggiungere manualmente l'apertura come operazione di produzione in IDEA StatiCa Connection.</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"58c22071-33ff-47f6-b339-f7b3a7bb3775\" data-image-id=\"58c22071-33ff-47f6-b339-f7b3a7bb3775\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/bdbc4140-587f-46eb-8acc-6b8299bf808f/AS-holes.png\" data-asset-id=\"58c22071-33ff-47f6-b339-f7b3a7bb3775\" data-image-id=\"58c22071-33ff-47f6-b339-f7b3a7bb3775\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<ul>\n <li>Le tacche delle membrature sono supportate, ma è necessario utilizzare il comando Contorno elemento - regola.</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"237439aa-4f56-4f82-9aec-aefd8073f5fb\" data-image-id=\"237439aa-4f56-4f82-9aec-aefd8073f5fb\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/2d7bfcf6-74b6-44a8-a05f-61fcb973adec/AS-holes2.png\" data-asset-id=\"237439aa-4f56-4f82-9aec-aefd8073f5fb\" data-image-id=\"237439aa-4f56-4f82-9aec-aefd8073f5fb\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b2220d77-7d5e-4146-9498-aa547f55c41d\" data-image-id=\"b2220d77-7d5e-4146-9498-aa547f55c41d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5532e05b-dbc0-4826-a21a-75914f1fe4a6/AS-holes3.png\" data-asset-id=\"b2220d77-7d5e-4146-9498-aa547f55c41d\" data-image-id=\"b2220d77-7d5e-4146-9498-aa547f55c41d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Estensione-accorciamento della trave</h2>\n<p>In IDEA StatiCa il centro della connessione è il nodo. Dal nodo, la lunghezza dell'elemento è determinata dal rettangolo di selezione (un modo automatico per determinare la lunghezza giusta dell'elemento). Nell'Advance Steel, l'entità trave deve essere accorciata o estesa con il comando Shorten.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"25b15072-06c9-432d-95dc-d6de25bab227\" data-image-id=\"25b15072-06c9-432d-95dc-d6de25bab227\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/062e2d5f-6597-4daf-9aad-530b1a9d9447/AS-ext1.png\" data-asset-id=\"25b15072-06c9-432d-95dc-d6de25bab227\" data-image-id=\"25b15072-06c9-432d-95dc-d6de25bab227\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2eace842-a05f-43e5-9160-5bdf7c3da0e4\" data-image-id=\"2eace842-a05f-43e5-9160-5bdf7c3da0e4\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/dbc0633f-4196-4111-94df-8ed3838e7e36/AS-ext2.png\" data-asset-id=\"2eace842-a05f-43e5-9160-5bdf7c3da0e4\" data-image-id=\"2eace842-a05f-43e5-9160-5bdf7c3da0e4\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Saldature</h2>\n<p>Le saldature vengono importate durante la terza fase della procedura di importazione. Se è necessario aggiungere manualmente le saldature in Advance Steel, si consiglia di utilizzare il comando Punto di saldatura. Si noti che l'entità di saldatura deve essere inserita nel bordo centrale della piastra saldata.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"0e0eb2ef-52eb-4ace-9b39-38d5b39e2325\" data-image-id=\"0e0eb2ef-52eb-4ace-9b39-38d5b39e2325\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5a2c74ec-1d94-48c5-aa24-82ab247dfa28/AS-welds.png\" data-asset-id=\"0e0eb2ef-52eb-4ace-9b39-38d5b39e2325\" data-image-id=\"0e0eb2ef-52eb-4ace-9b39-38d5b39e2325\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>Da un'enorme varietà di tipi di saldatura in Advance Steel, IDEA StatiCa supporta solo:</p>\n<table><tbody>\n <tr><td>IDEA StatiCa saldatura</td><td>Saldatura Advance Steel</td></tr>\n <tr><td>Bottone</td><td>Flangia Butt, DI, V con Contro, X, K, DY, K web, U, HU</td></tr>\n <tr><td>Doppio filetto</td><td>Smusso - filetto, filetto - smusso, HY - filetto, filetto - HY, J - filetto</td></tr>\n <tr><td>Filetto</td><td>Tutti i modelli diversi da quelli sopra specificati</td></tr>\n</tbody></table>\n<h2>Rinforzi</h2>\n<p>Si consiglia di progettare gli archi su una trave per piastre e non per elementi.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"6194797e-e64f-4f79-91ca-b47934ebbad5\" data-image-id=\"6194797e-e64f-4f79-91ca-b47934ebbad5\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5e33563e-bbb4-4e58-98e1-689fac31b049/C_FAQ_TipsAS_8.PNG\" data-asset-id=\"6194797e-e64f-4f79-91ca-b47934ebbad5\" data-image-id=\"6194797e-e64f-4f79-91ca-b47934ebbad5\" alt=\"\"></figure>"
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"value": "<p>Per il momento, il link funziona per un'ampia gamma di connessioni/giunzioni. Tuttavia, si prega di tenere conto delle funzionalità non ancora supportate.</p>\n<p><strong>Limitazione: </strong>Non è possibile esportare una trave con un'estremità rastremata o un altro tipo di estremità conica o di altra forma.</p>\n<p><strong>Soluzione: </strong>l'estremità rastremata viene trascurata e può essere modellata in seguito in IDEA StatiCa.</p>\n<p><strong>Limitazione: </strong>L'esportazione di una connessione su un elemento continuo senza un nodo intermedio non funziona.</p>\n<p><strong>Soluzione: </strong>Aggiungere il nodo intermedio usando il comando per le membrature \"Dividi membrature usando n nodi intermedi\". L'opzione \"Posiziona/Crea nuovi nodi senza dividere\" per mantenere la membratura continua funziona solo in RFEM 5. L'applicazione Checkbot è in grado di riconoscere solo il tipo di nodo \"Standard\", mentre i nodi \"On Member\" o \"On Line\" non vengono riconosciuti.</p>\n<p>RFEM 6:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"f291e677-37c7-481b-a2fc-02867c8c75e8\" data-image-id=\"f291e677-37c7-481b-a2fc-02867c8c75e8\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/fee9a5ea-db08-4864-b643-65765977e4b6/RFEM%206%20-%20continuous%20member.png\" data-asset-id=\"f291e677-37c7-481b-a2fc-02867c8c75e8\" data-image-id=\"f291e677-37c7-481b-a2fc-02867c8c75e8\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>RFEM 5:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"68813fa0-d60d-4baf-bf6c-183f155f51a7\" data-image-id=\"68813fa0-d60d-4baf-bf6c-183f155f51a7\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/ef9c77a9-4a6e-49a5-a462-b2aa720916bc/Known%20limitations%20for%20RFEMRSTAB2.png\" data-asset-id=\"68813fa0-d60d-4baf-bf6c-183f155f51a7\" data-image-id=\"68813fa0-d60d-4baf-bf6c-183f155f51a7\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>Limitazione: </strong>L'esportazione di un nodo quando l'impostazione di visualizzazione \"Insiemi di membri\" è attivata può causare il trasferimento di dati errati per alcune sezioni trasversali di membri e l'importazione di membri extra o un messaggio di errore.</p>\n<p><strong>Soluzione:</strong> Disattivare l'impostazione \"Set di membri\" e ripetere l'esportazione del nodo.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"986be1f1-4f26-4a39-bd2f-1e7fd4fca0cb\" data-image-id=\"986be1f1-4f26-4a39-bd2f-1e7fd4fca0cb\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/05800fab-d89d-46d2-be30-b766379f74ff/Known%20limitations%20for%20RFEMRSTAB.png\" data-asset-id=\"986be1f1-4f26-4a39-bd2f-1e7fd4fca0cb\" data-image-id=\"986be1f1-4f26-4a39-bd2f-1e7fd4fca0cb\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>Limitazione:</strong> Eccentricità geometrica - il nodo del giunto non si trova nel punto centrale.</p>\n<p><strong>Soluzione:</strong> RFEM/RSTAB offre più modi per inserire le eccentricità. L'inserimento dell'eccentricità utilizzando le coordinate locali x,y,z causa difficoltà nella trasformazione dei dati in IDEA StatiCa a causa della varietà di opzioni del sistema di coordinate in RFEM/RSTAB. In tal caso, utilizzare l'input di eccentricità con coordinate globali X,Y,Z.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c707e18d-6bfe-4597-81e6-7974ef0b48ec\" data-image-id=\"c707e18d-6bfe-4597-81e6-7974ef0b48ec\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/f834b5e4-fd9a-49d8-bc96-af6be2e87686/Known%20limitations%20for%20RFEMRSTAB%2003.png\" data-asset-id=\"c707e18d-6bfe-4597-81e6-7974ef0b48ec\" data-image-id=\"c707e18d-6bfe-4597-81e6-7974ef0b48ec\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>Limitazione:</strong> L'oggetto \"Giunto\" non è supportato per il trasferimento dei dati e blocca l'importazione della geometria e l'importazione dei carichi delle connessioni in Checkbot.</p>\n<p><strong>Soluzione:</strong> Eliminare gli oggetti \"Joint\", ricalcolare il modello e importare le connessioni.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"2c19a0b5-7721-4d37-8f66-68144c455392\" data-image-id=\"2c19a0b5-7721-4d37-8f66-68144c455392\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b9551614-662f-4920-b5a1-3b25eb615043/Known%20limitations%20for%20RFEMRSTAB%205.png\" data-asset-id=\"2c19a0b5-7721-4d37-8f66-68144c455392\" data-image-id=\"2c19a0b5-7721-4d37-8f66-68144c455392\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>Limitazione:</strong> L'importazione di casi di carico dinamico e di combinazioni di carico contenenti carichi dinamici non è supportata.</p>\n<p><strong>Soluzione:</strong> Modificare la definizione dei casi di carico dinamico in RFEM/RSTAB in casi di carico standard con ciascuna direzione di ampiezza separatamente o inserire le forze interne in IDEA StatiCa manualmente o utilizzando l'importazione XLS.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"014e172e-315b-43b0-be69-869610fde527\" data-image-id=\"014e172e-315b-43b0-be69-869610fde527\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e9ef40d0-a0ad-4831-914e-6d66fe109750/Import%20of%20dynamic%20load%20cases%20from%20RFEMRSTAB%2001.png\" data-asset-id=\"014e172e-315b-43b0-be69-869610fde527\" data-image-id=\"014e172e-315b-43b0-be69-869610fde527\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>Limitazione:</strong> L'importazione del SCL non standard non è supportata.</p>\n<p><strong>Soluzione:</strong> Utilizzare solo le impostazioni supportate di Assi locali xyz.</p>\n<p>Vedere la figura:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>verde = impostazioni supportate</li>\n <li>rosso = impostazioni non supportate</li>\n</ul>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cb88c9e9-84ea-40d3-9a77-01b604a0aa79\" data-image-id=\"cb88c9e9-84ea-40d3-9a77-01b604a0aa79\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/15bb82e1-81e8-4fc2-99fc-47197e8b12a2/RFEM_Known_limitation_LCS.png\" data-asset-id=\"cb88c9e9-84ea-40d3-9a77-01b604a0aa79\" data-image-id=\"cb88c9e9-84ea-40d3-9a77-01b604a0aa79\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>Limitazione di RFEM5/RSTAB8: </strong>casi di carico assegnati a vari gruppi di carico per diverse combinazioni di risultati.</p>\n<p>Significa che in IDEA StatiCa ogni caso di carico è assegnato a un solo gruppo di carico per tutte le combinazioni, mentre in Dlubal un caso di carico può essere assegnato a un gruppo diverso in diverse combinazioni di risultati.</p>\n<p><strong>Soluzione: </strong>Per tutte le combinazioni di risultati, assegnare sempre i casi di carico allo stesso gruppo di carico. In alternativa, è possibile creare combinazioni esatte utilizzando lo strumento \"Combinazioni di carico\".</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"8062f891-b118-4099-b0c8-d769ae073906\" data-image-id=\"8062f891-b118-4099-b0c8-d769ae073906\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/006edf4c-3a39-45e0-91ae-35fbedfcd857/Load%20groups_1.png\" data-asset-id=\"8062f891-b118-4099-b0c8-d769ae073906\" data-image-id=\"8062f891-b118-4099-b0c8-d769ae073906\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"c73fc82a-a73c-4aac-8aed-b3842267f4be\" data-image-id=\"c73fc82a-a73c-4aac-8aed-b3842267f4be\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/5d4a10fe-b64d-4af0-b109-fd62ba513ce0/Load%20groups_2.png\" data-asset-id=\"c73fc82a-a73c-4aac-8aed-b3842267f4be\" data-image-id=\"c73fc82a-a73c-4aac-8aed-b3842267f4be\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>Limitazione di RFEM5/RSTAB8: </strong>gli effetti di tutti i casi di carico con lo stesso nome (cioè elencati più volte nella combinazione di risultati) vengono sommati con il coefficiente corrispondente in Checkbot. Questo può portare al raddoppio di alcuni casi di carico (ad es. 1*LC7 +1*LC7=2*LC7) e all'annullamento di altri casi di carico in combinazione (ad es. 1*LC9 -1*LC9= 0*LC9)!</p>\n<p><strong>Soluzione: </strong>Non utilizzare gli stessi casi di carico nella stessa combinazione di risultati più di una volta in RFEM o RSTAB. Se si desidera utilizzare il gruppo di carico in RFEM e RSTAB e assegnare lo stesso caso di carico a una Combinazione di risultati una volta con segno positivo e una volta con segno negativo, farlo in modo diverso con 2 Combinazioni di risultati o combinazioni di carichi indipendenti.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"5d1eb8d2-a1b0-491f-96db-7c73a5abe946\" data-image-id=\"5d1eb8d2-a1b0-491f-96db-7c73a5abe946\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/b2093d2e-5d70-459f-8b46-cac34dcb0812/Load%20cases%20with%20the%20same%20name.png\" data-asset-id=\"5d1eb8d2-a1b0-491f-96db-7c73a5abe946\" data-image-id=\"5d1eb8d2-a1b0-491f-96db-7c73a5abe946\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>Limitazione: </strong>Il riferimento ad altre combinazioni di risultati nelle combinazioni di risultati non è supportato per l'importazione in Checkbot.</p>\n<p><strong>Soluzione: </strong>Aggiungere casi di carico alla combinazione di risultati invece di aggiungere altre combinazioni di risultati.</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7f4f2489-78e8-410d-9db5-397764abde17\" data-image-id=\"7f4f2489-78e8-410d-9db5-397764abde17\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a5836832-109d-4023-881e-a20f4642c5da/Referencing%20RC%20to%20other%20RC.png\" data-asset-id=\"7f4f2489-78e8-410d-9db5-397764abde17\" data-image-id=\"7f4f2489-78e8-410d-9db5-397764abde17\" alt=\"\"></figure>"
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"value": "<p>Il link ora funziona per un'ampia varietà di connessioni/giunti. Tuttavia, si prega di tenere conto delle funzionalità non ancora supportate:</p>\n<h2>Limitazione: Combinazioni di carico</h2>\n<p>Non è supportata l'importazione di combinazioni di carico che contengono aggiunte di combinazioni di carico diverse da quelle lineari.</p>\n<p>Non è supportato il riferimento di una combinazione di carico all'interno di un'altra combinazione di carico. </p>\n<h2>Limitazione: Come eseguire i collegamenti SAP2000 ed ETABS con IDEA StatiCa 22.1.</h2>\n<p><strong>Versioni problematiche:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n <li>SAP2000 24.1.0</li>\n <li>ETABS 20.3.0</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Descrizione del problema:</strong></p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"952a50d0-4bcb-4da9-a249-64112b714fcb\" data-image-id=\"952a50d0-4bcb-4da9-a249-64112b714fcb\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/a6fb4216-01d1-4c7e-91de-ce1ad9968ccf/etabs0.png\" data-asset-id=\"952a50d0-4bcb-4da9-a249-64112b714fcb\" data-image-id=\"952a50d0-4bcb-4da9-a249-64112b714fcb\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>Soluzione:</strong></p>\n<p>Questo vale anche per SAP2000 ed ETABS (ultime versioni). La soluzione consiste in:</p>\n<p>1. Individuare il file di configurazione ( <em>SAP2000.exe.config</em> o <em>ETABS.exe.config</em>) in</p>\n<p>C:\\Programmi\\Computer e strutture\\SAP2000 24\\</p>\n<p>oppure</p>\n<p>C:\\File di programma\\Computer e Strutture\\ETABS 20\\</p>\n<p>2. Eliminare le seguenti righe dalla parte inferiore del file e salvarlo (richiede i diritti di amministratore).</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"e3d1e189-4148-4548-9eb0-a1a9a09d900f\" data-image-id=\"e3d1e189-4148-4548-9eb0-a1a9a09d900f\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/3da4a27c-a34c-4708-8164-20593541de7e/etabs1.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"e3d1e189-4148-4548-9eb0-a1a9a09d900f\" data-image-id=\"e3d1e189-4148-4548-9eb0-a1a9a09d900f\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>In alternativa, copiare il file sul desktop, modificarlo e copiarlo nuovamente nella cartella originale.</p>\n<p>Ecco come dovrebbe apparire il file (la parte inferiore) dopo che l' assembly binding è stato correttamente cancellato:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"015a328c-c736-4be2-b068-1e968b966b66\" data-image-id=\"015a328c-c736-4be2-b068-1e968b966b66\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/98c74a44-cf45-4532-9071-a040edabaa15/etabs2.jpg\" data-asset-id=\"015a328c-c736-4be2-b068-1e968b966b66\" data-image-id=\"015a328c-c736-4be2-b068-1e968b966b66\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p>3. A questo punto è possibile eseguire il Checkbot.</p>\n<h2>Limitazione: Equilibrio</h2>\n<p>Per garantire l'equilibrio dei nodi, impostare gli offset di lunghezza finale su 0:</p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"b5147f2a-9c4e-4578-a0a1-3c1de6f1fe23\" data-image-id=\"b5147f2a-9c4e-4578-a0a1-3c1de6f1fe23\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/e90174a4-eedc-43a7-9af5-a7d920c1b516/assign1.png\" data-asset-id=\"b5147f2a-9c4e-4578-a0a1-3c1de6f1fe23\" data-image-id=\"b5147f2a-9c4e-4578-a0a1-3c1de6f1fe23\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"973087e2-e132-4450-a14c-284bde238f7d\" data-image-id=\"973087e2-e132-4450-a14c-284bde238f7d\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/1c50e3d3-f0ef-4c98-b06c-a6e203c393ea/assign2.png\" data-asset-id=\"973087e2-e132-4450-a14c-284bde238f7d\" data-image-id=\"973087e2-e132-4450-a14c-284bde238f7d\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<h2>Limitazione: Eccentricità - Il centroide non è impostato come Punto cardinale</h2>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"7cd949e3-7793-4351-b39c-ac469a619b8a\" data-image-id=\"7cd949e3-7793-4351-b39c-ac469a619b8a\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/af8a6238-163c-46ce-aa8e-51cfc69de305/etabs-ecc-1.png\" data-asset-id=\"7cd949e3-7793-4351-b39c-ac469a619b8a\" data-image-id=\"7cd949e3-7793-4351-b39c-ac469a619b8a\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"cb21c6a5-369c-400c-8d46-d9f34febcf48\" data-image-id=\"cb21c6a5-369c-400c-8d46-d9f34febcf48\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/c6528969-efca-405c-bbe8-39ca4c57749e/etabs-ecc-2.png\" data-asset-id=\"cb21c6a5-369c-400c-8d46-d9f34febcf48\" data-image-id=\"cb21c6a5-369c-400c-8d46-d9f34febcf48\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"95322beb-07e2-46b4-be20-48092b1578f8\" data-image-id=\"95322beb-07e2-46b4-be20-48092b1578f8\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/0ab6bf92-02b0-4d4e-89c2-c8aa2b3723dd/etabs-ecc-0.png\" data-asset-id=\"95322beb-07e2-46b4-be20-48092b1578f8\" data-image-id=\"95322beb-07e2-46b4-be20-48092b1578f8\" alt=\"\"></figure>\n<p><strong>Soluzione: </strong>Importare l'intero giunto e spostare manualmente le travi con eccentricità nella posizione corretta.</p>"
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