Introduction
This article addresses the analysis of discontinuity regions. The modeling of pier caps, which contain both static and geometric discontinuities, will be studied with the aid of an experimental study performed by Geevar and Menon (2018). Their study consisted of experiments on pier caps with four concentrated loads. The specimens were reinforced following standard rules used in design practice. Eight specimens were tested to investigate the influence of various parameters, such as the size of the bearing plates, the reinforcement layout, the geometry and the eccentricity of the applied loads. Given that the eccentricity of loading did not have a significant influence on the behavior of the specimens in the experiments, only the specimens with constant geometry and no load eccentricity (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5) were analyzed with the CSFM.
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Name: Detail Verification Kaufmann's Book: Definition of failure modes
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"value": "<p>In order to compare the observed failure modes in the experiments with those predicted by the CSFM, the failure modes are classified as follows: flexural (F), shear (S) and anchorage (A). It should be noted that none of the experiments covered in this chapter exhibited an anchorage failure. Table 6.1 defines different failure subtypes depending on whether flexural and shear fail-ures are triggered by failure of the concrete or of the reinforcement. While yielding of the reinforcement does not represent a material failure, this is included as a failure subtype in combination with concrete crushing due to the importance of distinguishing concrete crushing failures without reinforcement yielding (very brittle) from those happening after the yielding of the reinforcement (which can exhibit a certain deformation capacity). </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"dd3585bb-26d7-4a93-be15-b6a60c876894\" data-image-id=\"dd3585bb-26d7-4a93-be15-b6a60c876894\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/155fc75e-18c6-4735-8ae6-149671308a59/Four-point%20bending%20tests%20on%20T-beams_6%201.png\" data-asset-id=\"dd3585bb-26d7-4a93-be15-b6a60c876894\" data-image-id=\"dd3585bb-26d7-4a93-be15-b6a60c876894\" alt=\"\"></figure>"
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