Introduction
This section analyzes an experimental investigation involving four-point bending tests performed on T-beams by Leonhardt and Walther (1963). This experimental campaign comprised 18 tests conducted on reinforced concrete beams with constant geometry and varying reinforcement layouts for the stirrups. Specimens TA9, TA10, TA11 and TA12 (with vertical stirrups and varying 6. EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION | 105 reinforcement amounts) were chosen for comparison with results gained from the CSFM, since they cover a wide range of failure modes from shear to flexural.
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"value": "<p>In order to compare the observed failure modes in the experiments with those predicted by the CSFM, the failure modes are classified as follows: flexural (F), shear (S) and anchorage (A). It should be noted that none of the experiments covered in this chapter exhibited an anchorage failure. Table 6.1 defines different failure subtypes depending on whether flexural and shear fail-ures are triggered by failure of the concrete or of the reinforcement. While yielding of the reinforcement does not represent a material failure, this is included as a failure subtype in combination with concrete crushing due to the importance of distinguishing concrete crushing failures without reinforcement yielding (very brittle) from those happening after the yielding of the reinforcement (which can exhibit a certain deformation capacity). </p>\n<figure data-asset-id=\"dd3585bb-26d7-4a93-be15-b6a60c876894\" data-image-id=\"dd3585bb-26d7-4a93-be15-b6a60c876894\"><img src=\"https://assets-us-01.kc-usercontent.com:443/28eac049-c8ed-00e2-220c-12142a968dff/155fc75e-18c6-4735-8ae6-149671308a59/Four-point%20bending%20tests%20on%20T-beams_6%201.png\" data-asset-id=\"dd3585bb-26d7-4a93-be15-b6a60c876894\" data-image-id=\"dd3585bb-26d7-4a93-be15-b6a60c876894\" alt=\"\"></figure>"
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